Canada & World War Two (1939-1945)
Introduction: Our country's great efforts in the Second World War involved more than one million Canadians and Newfoundlanders serving in the military more than 45,000 gave their lives and another 55,000 were wounded. Canada s population was 11 million
Introduction: At war's end, Canada had become a significant military power with the world's third largest navy, the fourth largest air force and an army of six divisions. Canada had grown significantly and assumed new responsibilities as a leading member of the world community. Lester Brown
Introduction: World population during WWII was 2.3 billion people Over 50 million people were killed due to the war
Why did WWII Start? The Treaty to End the War of all Wars! (Activity - Paris Peace Conference)
Why did WWII Start? 1. The Treaty of Versailles (Paris Peace Conference) - Britain (PM D. L. George) & France (Premier G. Clemenceau) were determined that Germany pay for the damages, remain weak and face strong restrictions.
Why did WWII Start? 1. The Treaty of Versailles (Paris Peace Conference) - Germans felt humiliated - Loss of colonies, reparation payments, ($5 billion) etc were unjust to some.
Why did WWII Start? 1. The Treaty of Versailles (Paris Peace Conference) - The war guilt clause - (bottom left) Deutsche Zeitung (German News) wrote the morning the Treaty was signed
Why did WWII Start?
Why did WWII Start? 2. Economics Problems in Germany - Germany borrowed lots of money - Germany was in debt - Germany started printing more money (caused inflation - prices for goods & services increased) - ex. 1922 ($300 marks = $1.00 USA), 1923 ($50,000 marks = $1.00 USA)
Why did WWII Start? 2. Economics Problems in Germany - Prices ran out of control eg. a loaf of bread, which cost 250 marks in January 1923 had risen to 200,000 million marks in November 1923. - A lifetime s savings could become valueless in a matter of weeks. - right post card (stamps cost billions)
Why did WWII Start? 2. Economics Problems in Germany - USA: trade slowed down with Germany; couldn t lend money - German businesses went bankrupt and people lost jobs - Unemployed miners spent winters with unheated rooms - Some couldn t afford their rent (tents, crates,. were used)
Why did WWII Start? 2. Economics Problems in Germany - A. Hitler stated, Believe me, our misery will increase! The government itself is the biggest swindler and crook. People are starving on millions of marks! We will no longer submit! We want a dictatorship.
Why did WWII Start? 3. Political Instability - German s political world was not stable - Germany had a dozen political parties after WWI (Communists, Social Democrats, National Socialists/Nazis) - Parties opposed each other - No party could win a majority Weimar Republic 1918-1933 (flag)
Why did WWII Start? 3. Political Instability - The Nazi Party believed in: - Government should be lead by the army and wealthy - Industry should be privately owned - Military power should be increased - Activities of Jewish people and foreigners should be restricted (Nazis blamed them for Germany s economic issues) No one shall go hungry! No one shall go cold!
Why did WWII Start? 3. Fascism & Adolf Hitler - By WWI, there were different types of government in Europe.
Why did WWII Start? Fascism - A. Democracy - Citizens use their right to vote in order to make decisions about government actions & policies. - Countries have a constitution that limits the government s power and protects the rights of citizens - Ex. Britain, France, USA and Canada J
Why did WWII Start? Fascism B. Totalitarianism - is the system in which the state controls all aspects of life. - only one official party - order maintained by secret police - strict censorship
Why did WWII Start? Fascism C. Communism - an economic system characterized by state ownership of property & organization of labour for the common good. - a style of government which promotes citizens to share equally in the wealth of the state. Ex. Soviet Union
Why did WWII Start? Fascism D. Fascism - is a form of totalitarianism - rejects the ideas of individual liberty, equality of persons and races. - Groups of people are used as scapegoats - Government promotes a national myth (history & destiny of a country) - Pageantry and symbolism are used Ex. Italy, Germany, & Spain.
Why did WWII Start? Fascism - Rise of Fascism Organizer and Learning Centers (Activity)
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) - Short Bio About Adolf Hitler - In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined a small political group the German Workers Party (DAP). - In 1921, he became leader of NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, or the Nazis - right DAP registration card
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler - Hitler promised Germans he would get back the land lost during WWI - He stated the Aryans (Caucasians not of Jewish descent, particularly German descent) were the master race - He blamed Jews for WWI & Germany s defeat in WWI.
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler - Hitler hated Jewish people (anti- Semitism) - He wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) describes as deadly posion & vermin (1924) while in prison. - it was required reading in Germany, and by 1939 more than five million copies had been sold. 1926-1928 edition
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler - Hitler gained control of the German Parliament in 1933. (Reichstag Fire 33, Enabling Act 33, President Hindenburg s death 34) - He was know der Fuhrer (their leader) - Hitler was a dictator (outlawed other political parties, used secret police/sa stormtroopers an armed force, arrested & threw people in to prison) - Newspapers & radio was controlled - Books were burned Jan 20, 1933 Inauguration of Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Below May 33 book burning
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler - Teachers were to be members of the Nazis - Students were recruited for the Hitler Youth Movement. - Nazi Germany became a totalitarian state in which everything was controlled by the government! Nazi rally in Nuremberg 37 Flag: red socialism, white nationalism, black the symbol of struggle of the Aryan victory
Why did WWII Start? Fascism Adolf Hitler I know that men are won over less by the written than by the spoken word, that every great movement on this earth owes its growth to great orators and not to great writers." Adolf Hitler, "Mein Kampf," 1925 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncpdmvqddki - Hitler was in full control of Germany & he was preparing to take Germany into World War Two.