Compendium of Good Practices in Identity Management Zoran Đoković and Simon Deignan ICAO TRIP: Making Air Travel more Secure and Efficient TOWARD BETTER TRAVELLER IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCED BORDER CONTROL INTEGRITY Date 2
COMPENDIUM OF GOOD PRACTICES IN IDENTITY MANAGEMENT IN THE OSCE REGION 3
Civil registration Legally valid identity Civil identification Linking identity with natural person Issuance of identity cards and travel documents Processes Application processing Prevention of fraud Retention and management of data Identity Management Infrastructure (how the two systems support each other and public administration ) Identity management of citizens and resident non-citizens Risk analysis 4
Civil registration Local Databases only Networked local databases (event based registers) Central civil registration database linked with local databases (event or person based) Population register (person based) no response Responses by OSCE participating States Is the archive related to the civil status registration digitized? response received positive as a proportion of received Responses by OSCE participating States Is there a unique identifier or personal YES 1 40 34 85% identification number (PIN) assigned to each NO 1 40 6 15% person? as a proportion of received YES 45% NO 21% Partially 38% 5
Civil identification Travel documents (issued upon request by all 57 OSCE pss) National identity Cards National identity card Number of participating States Mandatory for all resident citizens 40 Issued upon request to resident citizens 9 Not issued 8 6
Civil identification The application and verification process; - Documentary evidence requirements - Identity verification First time issuance minors vs adults Renewal (when presence is needed verification, including biometric verification Data management and retention 7
The application and verification process; - Documentary evidence requirements Belgium The person applying has to be present (except children younger than six years of age living abroad); Birth certificate as proof of official identity. For children born in Belgium, the parent(s) and the doctor, hospital or the midwife who assisted with the childbirth have to report the birth independently, which provides double verification; Interview on the basis of identity data regarding the person and their family; and Identification documents from another country if the person also has another citizenship. Poland Passport requirements: Application and collection in person (except children under five years of age); Identity verification on the basis of a previously issued national identity card; If a person does not have a national identity card, identity verification is carried out on the basis of different state registers and another document with a photograph; and If there is any doubt or inconsistency in the evidence presented above, the passport authority may require that an extract of a Polish birth record and confirmation of Polish citizenship be provided. National identity card requirements: Application and collection of the document in person; Identity verification on the basis of a passport; and Identity verification on the basis of state registers. If there is any doubt or inconsistency in state registers, the authority may require that an extract of a Polish birth record and confirmation of Polish citizenship be provided. 8
The verification process; - Identity verification Responses by OSCE participating States Do you verify independently and ex-officio with the issuing authorities relevant information submitted as documentary evidence? Verified only during first issuance Verified during first and all subsequent issuances Verified only in case of doubt about the legitimacy of submitted documents no respon se respons e received positive as a proportion of received 1 40 3 8% 1 40 22 55% 1 40 18 45% 9
The verification process; - Identity verification Responses by OSCE participating States Automatic and mandatory online verification no response response received positive as a proportion of received Civil register (birth records) 0 41 29 71% Civil register (deceased persons) Civil register (marriage records) 0 41 28 68% 0 41 20 49% 10
Civil identification Biometric identifiers in database Identity cards Responses by OSCE participating States What personal biometric information is stored in the database? no resp onse respo nse recei ved positive as a proportion of received Digital photo 9 32 31 97% Digitized signature 9 32 29 91% Fingerprint 9 32 13 41% Travel documents Responses by OSCE participating States What personal biometric information on the travel document is also stored in the database? no resp onse respo nse receiv ed positive as a proportion of received Digital photo 4 37 37 100% Digitized signature 4 37 32 86% Fingerprint 4 37 19 51% 11
Biometric identifiers on the document Identity cards Responses by OSCE participating States No biometric information stored Electronic biometric information stored on document: as a proportion of received 28% Digital photo 72% Fingerprint 38% Digitized signature 59% Travel documents Responses by OSCE participating States Electronic biometric information stored on travel document: as a proportion of received No biometric information stored 0% Digital photo 100% Fingerprint 87% Digitized signature 68% 12
Civil identification Document renewal verifications including biometric Responses by OSCE participating States Automatic and mandatory online verification Match between presented national identity card/travel document data and the data in the national identity card/travel document database Biometric match (photo match or fingerprint match) no response response received positive as a proportion of received 0 41 33 80% 0 41 23 56% Signature match against the signature on file 0 41 7 17% 13
Identity Management of resident non-citizens Responses by OSCE participating States no response response received positive as a proportion of received Unique YES identification 8 33 25 76% number assigned to resident foreign nationals NO 8 33 8 24% Responses by OSCE participating States Do you require resident foreign nationals to provide fingerprints at some point during their stay or upon entry? no response positive as a response received proportion of received YES 8 33 27 82% NO 8 33 6 18% 14
Risk analysis and fraud prevention Guidance materials UN Statistics Division ICAO OSCE Commitments 15
Download at: http://www.osce.org/odihr/346906 16
Contact Details Name: Zoran Đoković Email: zoran.dokovic@odihr.pl Name: Simon Deignan Email: simon.deignan@osce.org Date 17