Curriculum Vitae Education History: Degree Ph. D M.Phil. Rathi Kanta Kumbhar Lect. in Economics, Department of Social Science, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa -762017 Ph.No- 09438120655 E-mail: rathikanta@gmail.com Institution/University Names Centre for Development Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Centre for Development Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Specialization/ Diploma Development Economics Degree/ Dates To be submitted by May 2009 Division Applied Economics 1999-2001 A - (65-75%) Master of Arts P.G. Department of Economics 1995-1997 1 st Class Economics Sambalpur Quantitative Method for University, Jyoti Vihar, Economic Analysis, Orissa, India Mathematical Economics, Theory of International trade and Policy Bachelor of Arts Government College Phulbani Economics (Hons) and History 1992-1995 2 nd Class with Honours
Berhampur Orissa, India University, Employment History: Organization Designation Key Responsibilities From To Fakir Mohan University Lecturer Teaching, Research and departmental responsibilities Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID), New Delhi. Research Associate, Worked with Dr. T.S. Papola, (tpapola@rediffmail.com) then Director at ISID), to prepare a Report on Unorganised Sector Workers (conditions of work and livelihood promotion) Bill for the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, Government of India, where my part of work is on the Protection and Promotion of Livelihood of the Self-Employed Workers in the Unorganised Sector. 12 th February 2008 June 2006 continui ng Decemb er 2006 Worked with Dr. Papola to prepare a Report on the Labour Regulation in Indian Industry: A Study of its Impact on Growth, Investment and Employment for the European Union, where my part of work is on the Evolution of labour policy and Regulation. Centre for Development Project Associate Worked with Professor K. P. Kannan Studies (CDS), (kannan.nce@nic.in) to produce a project report Thiruvananthapuram, on the Universal Social Protection (the precise Kerala title of the project was- The Challenge of Social Security in Rural India and China: A Study on Two Indian States, Kerala and Orissa) for the Ford foundation, where my primary works were formulating of questionnaire, conducting of sample surveys and collecting data and I had written two chapters for the report by analysing the empirical data. P.G. Department of Project Investigator Economics, Sambalpur University, Orissa North Eastern Regional Research Assistant Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal Pradesh-791109 Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Teaching Assistance Worked under Professor P. K. Tripathy, in a UGC funded project on Land Reforms in Tribal areas of Orissa, where my primary works included data collection, tabulation and analysis of data. Worked under B.D. Nayak, in a Government of India funded project on Forest and Economic Development of Indigenous Tribal Communities of Arunachal Pradesh, where my primary works including helping in sample survey and data collection; processing and analysing the data and writing the report. Took workshop session using computer for the M.Phil course module Poverty and Inequality, 104 (B) at the Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram July 2004 Jan 1999 January 1998 2003 June 2005 July 1999 Decemb er 1998
Shegal Foundation Data Entry Done the Data entry of the Baseline Survey 2007 Three Months Current Engagement: Teaching and research Research Paper Published/ Under Publication: 1. 2007, a paper title as Perpetuated Landlessness and Rural Poverty in Orissa is with the editor of EPW (i.e. in process). 2. 2006, a paper title as The Relationship between Land Possession/Landlessness and Poverty: Experiences from Orissa, Kerala and West Bengal in Montero Melis, D., N. De Silva, and M. Abeysuriya. Eds. Putting Land First? Exploring the Links Between Land and Poverty, Centre for Poverty Analysis, Colombo. 3. 2003, a paper title as Demand and Supply side of Food security in Orissa published in a book Agrarian transformation in Orissa: Issues and Evidence. 4. 2002, a paper title as A Micro-Level Study on the Functioning of Targeted Public Distribution System in Rural Orissa, published in Review of Development and Change, Madras Institute of Development Studies, India. Book Review Published/ Under Publication: 1. 2004, a review of book title as Kicking Away the Ladder published in Review of Development and Change, Madras Institute of Development Studies, India. 2. 2004, a review of book title as Poverty and the Third Way published in Development and Change, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands. 3. 2003, a review of book title as Do the Poor Matter Enough? A Comparative Study of European Aid for Poverty Reduction in India, published in Development and Change Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands. 4. 2003, a review of book title as, Human Development in South Asia, 2001: Globalisation and Human Development, published in Development and Change Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands. 5. 2002, a review of book title as Food Insecurity Atlas of Rural India: Authors- World Food Programme and M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (2001), published in Review of Development and Change, Madras Institute of Development Studies, India. Primary Survey Under Taken: 2007 As a part of my Ph.D. work visited different rural villages in different districts of Orissa to examine the displacement, social exclusion, natural calamities and functioning of different public provisioning including National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, to ameliorate the situations of hunger and deprivation in the state. 2004 05 As a part of a project, I have conducted two distinct surveys in Orissa and Kerala on the topic The Challenge of Social Security in Rural India and China: A Study on Two Indian States, Kerala and Orissa. First, the survey of various institutions was carried on and in the second visit, survey of the household and individual was carried on. 2000 As a part of my M.Phil. Dissertation, I have conducted a sample survey in two villages of Orissa on the topic Functioning of Public Distribution System. First, the survey of various institutions was carried on and in the second visit, survey of the household and individual was carried on. In this visit different case studies have been carried on. 1999 As a part of my M.Phil. Course work, I have conducted a household level sample survey on Energy Consumption and Conservation: A Study based on the survey of households in Ulloor Panchayat.
1998 As a part of a project, I was involved in a census type primary survey in Arunachal Pradesh on Forest and Economic Development of Indigenous Tribal Communities of Arunachal Pradesh Conference, Seminars and Workshop participation: 1. 2009, participated in regional level workshop on Environmental impact assessment from screening to decision making at the Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa (23 rd March 2009). 2. 2009, presented a paper titled Women Empowerment through Self-help Group in Rural Orissa: Problem and Prospects at the Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa. 3. 2009, presented a paper titled The Human Capital Dimension of Dr. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad at the Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa. 4. 2007, a paper titled Employment, Poverty and Human Development: A case of Orissa in the context of Millennium Development Goals, accepted for presentation at Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research (IGIDR) in the Conference on Human Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies in Indian States 5. 2005, presented a paper titled The Relationship between Land Possession/Landlessness and Poverty: Experiences from Orissa, Kerala and West-Bengal at Centre for Poverty Analysis, Colombo, Srilanka. 6. 2003, presented a paper titled Demand and Supply side of Food security in Orissa at Sambalpur University, Orissa, India. 7. 2001, presented a paper titled A Micro-Level Study on the Functioning of Targeted Public Distribution System in Rural Orissa at Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai, India. 8. 1998, presented a paper titled Forest management and rural development in North-East, has been presented at Jorhat, Assam (UGC sponsored project). The abstract of the paper appeared in an abstract volume publication. 9. 1997, represented from Postgraduate Department of Economics in the post Beijing workshop on women health, education and rights organized by INFERDT, Sambalpur University, Orissa, India 10. I have been a rapporteur in a number of conferences. Conference, Seminars and Workshop participation: 1. Member of the organizing committee of National seminar on Women Empowerment held on 7 th 8 th February 2009. Research Experience: Professional involvement in Teaching: One year Professional involvement in Research: Three years (mentioned in the Employment history) Personal involvement Research: Ten years (since January 1998) Areas of research interest:
Employment, Poverty, Food Security and Social Security Tribal Development, Livelihood issues, Developmental issues Survey based studies (Displacement, Social Exclusion, Natural Calamities) Political Economy and issues related with development economics Computer Literacy: Software/Package/ Application SPSS STATA Other Statistical packages and Spread sheets Application of Computer in Offices Comprehensive Computer Training Course Details of Exposure and Assessed Proficiency Statistical Analysis package using for last 7 years continuously for different type of analysis of survey data. Conversant in writing syntax. Statistical Analysis package using for last 7 years for different type of analysis of survey data. Very much conversant in writing do files (syntax) and do use for various statistical model estimation. Familiarity with using computer Programme such as PC GIVE, LOTUS and QPRO Completed a short-term course on "Application of Computer in Offices" organized by NERIST. Completed a Comprehensive Computer Training Course (DOS, WS, WP, WINDOWS, MS OFFICE and Multi Media Demonstration), organized by NERIST Proficiency in Large- scale socio economic data: National Sample Survey (NSS unit level data) Census of India (both electronic and published data) National Account Statistics (NAS, both electronic and published data) National Family on Health Survey (NFHS unit level data) Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Annual Survey of Industries (ASI, unit level data) Reproductive and Child Health (RCH, unit level data) Academic Achievements: 1. 2001, Reserve Bank of India Doctoral Endowment Fellowship for Ph.D. Programme at the Centre for Development Studies 2. 2000, National Eligibility Test (NET) for Lectureship in Economics conducted by University Grants Commission, Government of India 3. 1999, Merit Scholarship for M.Phil. Programme at the Centre for Development Studies Institutional Membership: 1. Life member of Indian Society of Labour Economics 2. Life member of Orissa Economic Association
Language Proficiency: Language Ability to Converse Ability to Read Ability to Write Poor Fair Good Poor Fair Good Poor Fair Good English Hindi Any other (Oriya) Working knowledge: Malayalam, Bengali, Ahamias and Sanskrit Other Experiences: Writing: Events Details of its Received prizes in essay writing (both in English and Oriya) at college level Debate: First prize in a debate competition organized by Ministry of Human Development, Government of India, Oct. 1990, as a part of the national integration and harmony program. Literature: BAHUBARNA magazine by the postgraduate teaching department of Sambalpur University adjudged excellent to one of my poem "Banchibar Swapna" (Dream of Survival). Sports: Participated and awarded at the school, college and university level in the game and sport of Football, Kabbadi and Swimming. Athletic: Participated and awarded at the school, at college and university level in the events likes 400 Mts., 800 Mts., and 3000 Mts. run and pole-vault. Acting: Received best jury awards in the Sambalpur University inter department drama competition. Other Experiences: (i) Student member of People for Animal (PFA), an Asian Organisation. (ii) Received best volunteer prize in the M.P.F.L. camp under N.S.S. department of Sambalpur University, sponsored by Youth affairs and sports, government of India. (iii) "A" grade in the Bharat Scouts and Guides. (iv) Qualified in national language examination (Prarambhika). (v) Seminar secretary of the P. G. Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, 1997. (vi) Received best boarder certificate from the Kanchnajangha hostel Government College Phulbani, 1995. Participate in the 'Mass-Rally for Road Safety Week' by Kandhamal district. Personal details: Postal Address: C/O Dr. Partha Pratim Sahu Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID) No 4, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj Delhi 110 070 India Tel (off): (009111) 2689 1111, Ext 215 Mobile: (0091) 9868379101, 9871324924 E-mail: rathi_kanta@yahoo.co.in; rathikanta@gmail.com Permanent Address: S/O Mrs. Bhama Kumbhar and Mr. Gobardhan Kumbhar At- Kalara Kotha,
P.O. - Kantamal, District: Boudh, Orissa-762017, India Ph. No - 06844277393 Gender and Date of birth: Male, April 9th 1974. Age on 8 th April 2007: 33 Years Nationality: Indian Social Identity: Scheduled Caste (Ganda) References: Dr. K. P. Kannan, Member, National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, Jawahar Vyapar Bhavan (19 th floor), 1, Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi 110001, Tel 91- (o) 11 23701033/1060 Fax 91 (o) 11 23701234 Mobile: (0091) 09810592643 Current Email address:- kannan.nce@nic.in Email. kannan@cds.ac.in; kpk@cds.ac.in Dr. P.K Panda, Senior Consultant, National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector 4A, Pocket A, Sukdev Vihar New Delhi-110025 Tel: (R) 01126931004, E mail: pradeep4164@yahoo.com Dr. T.S. Papola Delhi Government Human Development Chair Professor, NIDM Building, 3 rd floor, IIPA Campus, I.P. Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-11002, INDIA Mobile: (0091) 09810851850, E mail: tpapola@rediffmail.com About M.Phil thesis (Awarded): The M. Phil. dissertation titled Food Security in a Regional Perspective: A Study of Public Distribution System in Orissa, India examines and analyses the problem of food insecurity in Orissa. There exists a paradoxical situation in the state of Orissa, where bo the net per capita food availability (based on food balance approach) and the share of population facing food deprivation remained higher than the national average for India. Then, it attempted to find out the reasons. First, to what extent, the macro picture of demand side (land holding, work participation rate, wage earnings, per capita income [expenditure], education) and supply side (per capita net availability of food grains, land utilisations and cropping pattern, yield rate, fertiliser consumption, irrigation, transport) i the state is responsible for the food insecurity position of the state; and second to what extent PDS as a welfaristic program, supplemented and ameliorated the incidence of food insecurity by directly providing food and indirectly making income transfer. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. For primary data, two villages have been selected purposively and by following the probability proportional to size (PPS) method, 120 households was selected randomly. The main findings are: (1) at the aggregate level, there was no supply side problem of food insecurity in the state, though at the disaggregate level it was clearly visible. There was a huge regional disparity in terms of net per capita production of food grains. (2) All the demand side variables were less impressive for the state compared to all India and within the state, highly unequal and in favour of upper class and social groups and coastal part of Orissa. (3) Demand side failure, i.e. lack of purchasing power with the people; Targeting Errors, lower market prices, regional biasness, were the causes of the failure of PDS and income transfer
through PDS in Orissa. ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HUNGER AND DEPRIVATION: A STUDY OF ORISSA IN INDIA Rathi Kanta Kumbhar Ph.D. Programme in Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Centre for Development Studies Hunger and deprivation are undesirable in any society from both economic growth and social justice point of view. However, a highest incidence of below poverty line population among all Indian states is found in Orissa and that has not reduced since 1993-94 (as per the estimation of Planning Commission of India). The incidence of basic deprivation like health, education and housing also remain high in this state. In spite of such high level of hunger and deprivation, very less attempt has been taken up to findout the causes. Therefore, the prime objective of this thesis is to study the nature, extent and causes of hunger and deprivation in the state of Orissa and find out a suitable policy for reducing the impact of the same in the state. The broader objectives are - (a) Examine the mass (inadequate growth) and class (unequal distributions) character of hunger and deprivation in Orissa. (b) Examine social exclusion dimensions of hunger and deprivation in Orissa. (c) Examine the displacement induced hunger and deprivation. (d) Examine the external sources of hunger and deprivation in Orissa. (e) Examine the role of state (democratic civil society), institution (public action) to reduce hunger and deprivation and formulate policy for the same for the state? The study hypothesise that (i) economic backwardness (growth and distribution) leads to hunger and deprivation (ii) castebased social exclusion leads to hunger and deprivation (iii) natural calamities cause hunger and deprivation (iv) institutional failure leads to hunger and deprivation Hunger basically caused by want of food and deprivation- a state of observable and demonstrable disadvantage relative to the reference group or local community, are all encompassing and crosscutting themes, they deem a multi-disciplinary approach to understand the phenomena. Therefore a multi disciplinary approach has been considered here to study the problem. The political economy approach has been emphasised as political economy approach is a dominant approach in economics and often adopted to study hunger and deprivation, where it examined the role of the structural and institutional process that yielded hunger and deprivation in the state of Orissa in India. The study is based on both primary data and secondary data. It uses simple arithmetic, statistic (wherever required econometrics) and visual technique for analysis purposes. The major findings of the study are; (i) Chapter 2, found a higher variation of hunger and deprivation across social groups, geographical regions, occupations, education status, landholding, and dependency ratio. The reasons are (a) failure of agriculture (b) the institutional and structural rigidities and (c) the colonial rule. However, a single most important variable that can explain the higher incidence of hunger and deprivation in Orissa to a greater extent is the social structure and social hierarchy prevailing in the state, where the SC/ST, women and children faced most disadvantages. As the SC/ST communities concentrate in specific regions (southern and part of northern Orissa) regional disparities in hunger and deprivation has been observed. (ii) Chapter 3 found a slow and lopsided structural transformation, which failed to bring trickle down effect. Further, the rate of change in output has not much affect on the rate of change in hunger and deprivation as there is less employment growth in the primary sector, where much of the hunger and deprived people depends. The regional picture shown-in all respects southern region and SC/ST social group are the vulnerable and prone to hunger and deprivation. (iii) Chapter 4 found that absence of access to land and related resources as the reason behind hunger and deprivation. (iv) Chapter 5 inferred from the micro level case studies that there is prevalence of exclusion (in explicit or implicit form) of Dalits and SC/ST from various socio-economic spheres, such as exclusion in the socio-cultural institutions like educational institutions, religious institution like temple and economic institution like labour market etc. And that might be the reason why Dalits and SC/ST are more prone to hunger and deprivation compared to any other community of other castes. (v) Chapter 6, which attempts to find out the role of public provisioning in reducing hunger and deprivation found - at the macro level some of the factors responsible for the ineffectiveness of public provisioning are the inadequate entitlement and inadequate coverage. The micro surveys depict, various public provisioning providing institutions do exist though less in numbers but their functioning to achieve the desired goals are very poor and highly biased
towards upper caste. From the household perspective, some of the reasons for the ineffective functioning of the schemes are inadequate coverage, irregular and insufficient entitlement, wrong targeting of household, wrong targeting of commodities and meagre assistance (subsidy). Therefore, when the support-led development has been considered an alternative to achieve development quicker, there must be adequate coverage with adequate amount. Chapter 7 found, while drought and flood are the regular phenomenon and responsible for hunger and deprivation, cyclone, though not a regular phenomenon, it also harm to the society and economy a lot. Though the impacts of natural calamities are hazardous for all, it hits the poor most due to the political economy reasons. Chapter 8 found displacement in the name of development by the neo-liberal prescriptions of special economic zone and export promotion zone as the reason producing hunger and deprivation and subsequently lumpinisation in the state. The analysis suggests that the impact of displacement is felt disproportionately among the SC/ST, Dalits or untouchables as the displacement regions are the inhabitation of these population groups. The hypotheses are validated and accepted with facts, figures and observations both from primary and secondary data. The study inferred that failure of both growth and distribution (necessary and sufficient conditions respectively) contributed higher incidence of hunger and distribution in the state. However, given the subsistence level of growth, the impact of hunger and deprivation could have less had there been egalitarian distribution. The distribution remains highly biased towards upper social groups. This biasness also a reason for regional disparities - southern Orissa, where there is higher percentages of socially disadvantaged group faces the maximum level of hunger and deprivation in the state. Therefore, it is required to reduce the disparities to reduce the higher impact of hunger and deprivation in the state. The disparities can be reduced through land redistribution followed by other agrarian reforms (as landlessness is increasing and productivity is low and in agriculture and there is large dependant in agriculture); through effective implementation of public provisioning and through positive discriminations steps. Declaration: I hereby declare that all the above statements are correct and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief. Yours sincerely, Rathi Kanta Kumbhar Dated: 7 th January 2009