HIST 1301 Part Three. 9: Nation Building and Nationalism

HIST 1301 Part Three 9: Nation Building and Nationalism

Territorial Expansion

Between 1792 and 1821 several new states joined the Union. Kentucky, 1792 Tennessee, 1796 Ohio, 1803 Louisiana, 1812 Indiana, 1816 Mississippi, 1817 Illinois, 1818 Alabama, 1819 Maine, 1820 Missouri, 1821

James Monroe Rufus King

1816-1817: Seminole Indians raid American settlements in Georgia.

1818: Gen. Andrew Jackson leads an unauthorized invasion of Spanish Florida. 2 min. 16 sec.

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) For $5 million, Spain cedes East and West Florida to U.S. In return, U.S. agrees to recognize Sabine River and Red Rivers as the boundaries of Texas. (Some Americans believed Texas was part of the Louisiana Purchase.) Spain agrees to give up any claim to territory north of California (Oregon Country).

In 1818 the U.S. and Great Britain sign a treaty establishing the border between the U.S. and Canada and agreeing to joint occupation of the Oregon Country.

Improvements in Transportation and Communications

1807: The first commercial steamboat, Robert Fulton s Clermont, Hudson River, New York.

Steamboats were the early 19 th century s most popular form of transportation. 3 min. 04 sec.

The 620 mile-long Cumberland Road or National Highway., allowed emigrants to travel from Maryland to Missouri.

Many emigrants used a sturdy Conestoga wagon to make the journey.

Mile markers, like the one seen here, still standing at the mile 210 rest-stop alongside Interstate 70 in Belmont County, Ohio, let travelers know how far they had come and how much further they had to go. This particular marker is 154 miles from Cumberland, Maryland, 24 miles west of Wheeling, West Virginia, and 50 miles east of Zanesville, Ohio. The small letters and numbers at the bottom indicate the distance to the nearest tavern or roadside inn.

The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie. Gov. Dewitt Clinton

The Erie Canal made it possible to travel entirely by water from the eastern seaboard all the way to Minnesota!

Until 1826 stagecoaches were the only form of public land travel.

That changed when the first Passenger Rail Service in America (Albany to Schenectady, NY-18 miles) was chartered in 1826 and began operating in 1831.

By 1851 there were nearly 9,000 miles of track in the United States.

In 1838 Samuel F.B. Morse and his assistant Alfred Vail developed a commercially viable telegraph and Morse Code.

By 1850, telegraph lines connected cities all over the United States. 4 min. 21 sec.

1858: First transatlantic telegraph cable connects the U.S. and Great Britain. Queen Victoria sends congratulations to President Buchanan. 2 min. 0 sec.

How Regional Differences Arose The North

In the Northern states, the early 1800s were marked by the growth of factories, cities, and foreign trade.

By the early 1800s, slavery had disappeared in the North

The North s population was three times larger than the South s.

Northern population growth was due in part to immigration. Millions of Irish immigrated to the U.S. in the early 1800s, particularly during the Potato Famine of 1845-1849.

Millions of Germans also immigrated to the U.S. in the early 1800s.

How Regional Differences Arose The South

In the South, Eli Whitney s gin, invented in 1793, encouraged cotton cultivation. It also perpetuated slavery.

Slavery retarded the progress of the South by discouraging immigration and the growth of cities and industry.

By the early 1800s, the industrial North and agricultural South had become in effect two different countries with different interests.

Northerners favored high tariffs and a strong central government that funded internal improvements. Southerners favored low tariffs and a small, limited national government.

The Missouri Compromise 1820

Before the Missouri Compromise: 11 Free States & 11 Slave States After the Missouri Compromise: 12 Free States & 12 Slave States

Missouri Compromise Line

Territory where slavery allowed.

Territory where slavery NOT allowed.

The Monroe Doctrine 1823

In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain and in 1824, it became a republic with a liberal constitution.

The independence movement spread to Central America and the West Indies. United Provinces, 1821 Santo Domingo, 1821 Panama, 1821

Venezuela, 1821 Colombia, 1821 Ecuador, 1821 Republics were also established in regions of South America liberated by Gen. Simon Bolivar. Peru, 1824 Bolivia, 1825

As a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, [we hold] that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. --President James Monroe, December 2, 1823 Americans approved the independence movement and in 1823 the Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would not tolerate any further European colonization of the Americas.