Human Development in the Global South
The contents of this volume are largely based on the papers presented in an International Symposium on Human Development in Global South: Emerging Perspectives in the Era of Post-Millennium Development Goals held in New Delhi during 28 29 April 2014. The Symposium was organised by the Institute for Human Development (IHD), New Delhi, and Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (WNTA), in collaboration with the UN-ESCAP SSWA, New Delhi. In the era of globalisation, India s strengths are its democracy, vigilant civil society, a growing economy and investment in development through policies, programmes and innovation. Considering the increased focus on South-South Cooperation development dialogue and India s experience in addressing development challenges and assisting development in various regions of the world, the Government of UK's Department for International Development (DFID) is implementing a new model of cooperation support in India through the Knowledge Partnership Programme (KPP). KPP is funded by DFID and managed by a Consortium led by IPE Global Private Limited under its Knowledge Initiative which aims at promoting knowledge sharing in the areas of Food Security, Resource Scarcity and Climate Change; Health and Disease Control; Trade and Investment; and Women and Girls. This publication has been funded by Government of UK's Department for International Development under the Knowledge Partnership Programme (KPP), implemented by IPE Global Pvt. Ltd. However, the views expressed are of individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the UK Government s official policies. WADA NA TODO ABHIYAN
Human Development in the Global South Emerging Perspectives in the Era of Post-Millennium Development Goals editors Tanuka Endow Sumit Mazumdar Mitu Sengupta
Copyright 2015, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi Published by Institute for Human Development NIDM building, IIPA Campus, I.P. Estate, Mahatama Gandhi Marg New Delhi -110002 Phone: + 91 11 2335 8166, + 91 11 2332 1610 Fax: + 91 11 2376 5410 Email: mail@ihdindia.org, Website: http//www.ihdindia.org & Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd. B-7, Saraswati Complex, Subhash Chowk, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi - 110092 Phone: + 91 11 2245 3894, + 91 11 2204 2529 Email: manak.publications@gmail.com, Website: http//www.manakpublications.com ISBN: 978-93-7831-380-6 (Hb) Price: Rs. 1500/ Cover illustration and design by Sorit Gupto
CONTENTS Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations About Contributors ix xi xv xix 1. Introduction: Challenges of Achieving Sustainable Human Development in the Post-MDGs Era 1 PART 1: SOME KEY ASPECTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 2. MDGs and the Post-2015 Development Agenda: A South Asian Perspective 23 Nagesh Kumar 3. Development Agenda Post-2015 and Women 41 Indira Hirway 4. In Defense of a Large and Egalitarian State: The Case of Brazil 59 Marcelo Medeiros 5. Equitable Development-Adapted Mobility: China s Challenges and Prospects 69 Cheng Jie 6. Dynamics of Inclusion: Caste, Quotas and the Populist Politics 79 Surinder S. Jodhka 7. Growth and Inequality: The Post-MDG Context for India 91 Tanuka Endow
vi Human Development in the Global South PART 2: ERADICATING POVERTY, ENSURING SOCIAL PROTECTION 8. Poverty, Social Protection and the Development Framework in the Post-2015 Agenda 107 Ravi Srivastava 9. Progress on the MDGs: An Overview of Social Policies in Brazil 121 Pedro Lara de Arruda, Ashleigh Kate Slingsby and Beatriz Judice Magalhães PART 3: PROVIDING FOOD SECURITY, TACKLING UNDERNUTRITION 10. Providing Food Security and Tackling Undernutrition: Challenges and Opportunities 149 S. Mahendra Dev 11. Food Security in India: A Post-MDG Perspective 165 S.R. Hashim 12. Providing Food Security, Tackling Undernutrition 185 Arun Gupta and Shoba Suri 13. Providing Food Security in the Post-MDG Era: Reflections on Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in South Asia 209 Upali Wickramasinghe PART 4: EXPANDING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 14. Expanding Employment Opportunities: Policy Challenges for the Post-2015 Development Agenda 227 Rizwanul Islam 15. Expanding Employment Opportunities: Nepalese Perspectives for the Post-2015 Development Agenda 249 Dilli Raj Khanal 16. Towards Achieving Full Employment in India 263 Alakh N. Sharma 17. Expanding Employment Opportunities: Embedding Human Utilisation in the Post-2015 MDGs 273 Rashid Amjad
Contents vii PART 5: PROMOTING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 18. Promoting Educational Opportunity Post-2015 287 Geeta Gandhi Kingdon 19. Beyond Education for All: Building Human Capital for Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth 299 Wahiduddin Mahmud 20. Achieving Universal Education in Turkey Post-2015 Challenges 315 M. Alper Dinçer 21. MDG Post-2015: Access to Education and Training 331 Sudhanshu Bhushan PART 6: UNIVERSALISING HEALTH COVERAGE AND CARE 22. Universalising Health Coverage in the Post-MDG Era 343 Indrani Gupta 23. The Case for a Unified Policy Framework Supporting a Pluralist Health System in Bangladesh 357 M. Hafizur Rahman and Tashrik Ahmed 24. Towards Universal Health Coverage in Nepal 373 Shiva Raj Adhikari 25. The Road to Health Millennium Goals in India and Beyond: Perspectives of Equity and Quality 387 Sumit Mazumdar 26. Way Forward: Priorities for the Post-2015 Development Agenda A Better Agreement is Possible 399 Thomas Pogge and Mitu Sengupta