Growth and Enlightenment, and Awakenings Colonial America, 1710-1763
Dominion of New England King James II wanted to consolidate and create powerful governors like Spain NY, NJ, and New England Governor & Council appointed by King Representative councils dissolved Legal system Raised Taxes/revoked land grants Glorious Revolution-1688 King James II dissolved Parliament William & Mary of Orange ascend to throne English Bill of Rights-1689» Right to Tax/Parliament» No standing army w/o consent» Right to petition» Trial by jury, bail, and no cruel and unusual punishments New Rights will empower for Revolution!!!!!! Colonies restored their old colonial charter after news of G.R. Crisis of 17 th Century cont. I don t like I am Catholic parliament and I want my and colonies I want to look more rule Spanish!!!! like a King!
Mercantilism-theory that the wealth of mother country would be increased by heavy governmental regulation of imports and exports to colonies. Colonies exist to make wealth for mother: raw materials and purchase Goals Eliminate dependence on foreign suppliers (decrease imports) Damaging competitors commercial interests Increase net stock of gold/silver (sell more than buy) Utilize colonies to enrich national treasury Navigation Acts 1651-1696 Required that all goods be transported on American or English carriers, which meant goods from other countries had to transit through English ports before arriving in the colonies. Growth DUTCH IMPORTS French Colonies, show me the money!!!! IMPORTS $$$ $$$ $$$
4 Major Effects of Mercantilism 1. They limited trade to English ships so colonist built a large, merchant marine that required ports, docks, repairs, contributing to an early diversified and selfsufficient economy 2. Tobacco, rice, furs, indigo, & naval stores had to pass first through English ports 3. Encouraged economic diversification Crown encouraged colonist to produce certain crops by offering cash incentives 4. Colonies became a protected market for low priced consumer goods and colonial profits allowed them to adapt English middle-class lifestyles Growth ENGLISH BETTER UTILIZED THEIR NEW WORLD PROFITS BY ENCOURAGING MORE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY WHILE SPANISH/FRENCH FUNNELLED THEIR WEALTH BACK INTO THE HANDS OF THE ELITE IN SOCIETY
Enlightenment An international philosophical movement that extolled the virtues of reason and science and applied these new insights to politics and social reform John Locke-Founding Fathers Natural Rights Social Contract Right to Revolution American Champions of the Enlightenment Rationalism: use reason and science to measure/master the elements Deism: a clockmaker God Humanism: the perfectibility of man/tabula rosa Benjamin Franklin Printer- 1732: Publishes Poor Richard s Almanac and makes enough money eventually to retire comfortably @ 42 years of age Scientist- experiments with lightning & electricity Reformer- Fire Company, 1 st Public Hospital, College of Philadelphia, and American Philosophical Society- a learned society committed to the advancement of knowledge Enlightenment and Awakenings
Enlightenment and Great Awakening 1730-1770 Changed Society Awakenings Challenged assumptions of gender, race, and social status Offered different choices of congregations Ordinary people were given a public voice 1. Influence of Old Lights (Quaker, Anglican, Congregationalists) begin to decline as new groups (Baptist, Presbyterians, and Methodists) grow. 2. Many new colleges were founded: Princeton, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers and Dartmouth 3. Revivalists (New Lights) appealed to African slaves for the first time marking the beginnings of African-American Protestantism 4. New Lights gave women higher prominence within the church 5. This great debate actually fostered religious toleration by blurring theological differences and creating more denominations (Religious pluralism) 6. By encouraging and empowering ordinary people to criticize those in authority, the Great Awakening laid groundwork for political revolution a generation later Jonathan Edwards
Long term effects of The Enlightenment and Great Awakening TWO MAJOR MOVEMENTS OF THE 18TH CENTURY (ONE RELIGIOUS/ONE INTELLECTUAL) THAT HELPED CONSTRUCT AN AMERICAN IDENTITY DISTINCT FROM BRITAIN AND PREPARED AMERICANS FOR POSSIBLE REVOLUTION.. In general a decline of hierarchy and acceptance of diversity: 1. New Lights questioned Old Lights: City on a Hill orthodoxy declines as new denominations are created (Religious Pluralism) 2. Liberty questions tyranny: *nobility of the common/poor man *faith in higher laws like Universal natural rights