SUDAN Humanitarian Situation Report HIGHLIGHTS The UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Omar Abdi will be visiting Sudan during the second week of November to see at first hand the impact of a protracted emergency on children. The UNICEF Sudan humanitarian appeal for is 61% unfunded. The worst affected sectors are Education and Child Protection. A new water supply source treating and delivering clean, safe water to the Al Redis I refugee site and its host community was completed serving over 18,000 beneficiaries. The effects of climate change, strongly linked to the El Niño oscillation, have begun to impact some communities in Red Sea State. Six villages in Hayaa and Tokar localities have been severely affected by floods after the rainy season. UNICEF was amongst the first agencies responding to urgent needs on the ground. UNICEF has scaled up implementation of a strategy to increase the CMAM programme coverage in Central, West and North Jebel Mara. Five new OTPs have subsequently been opened in the hard to access area this month. The third round of the countrywide measles immunisation campaign in the Darfur states, was completed in October. 27,733 children aged under one have been vaccinated with the first dose of the measles vaccine and a further 32,728 in the same age group with Penta 3. UNICEF still urgently needs USD $1 million for the second S3M child survival survey in 2016. FUNDING SITUATION SITUATION IN NUMBERS SITUATION IN NUMBERS 5.4 million people 3.24 million children # of people targeted by HRP 1 Source: HRP. UNICEF estimates 60% are children. 2.5 million people 1.5 million children # of displaced people in Darfur Source: OCHA Humanitarian Bulletin Sudan Issue 43 19 25 October. 60% of displaced are children. 197,635 people 138,345 children # of South Sudanese refugees since outbreak of conflict on 15 December 2013 Source: UNHCR Information Sharing Portal, 27 October. 66% of refugees from South Sudan are children, this increases to 70% for those living in the camps. $116,921,577 (USD) Total funding requirement in $ 45,648,070 Funded in $ 71,273,507 Unfunded in $448,063 $2,764,148 $3,977,725 $1,270,593 $9,299,923 $15,798,840 Funds Received $8,761,473 $16,528,842 $11,754,174 Total Needs $12,423,805 $36,776,073 $41,352,343 1 In the Situation in Numbers section, the percentages of children within the refugee and IDP communities are based on evidence of the situation in 2014, and disaggregated planning numbers for the HRP. 1
Humanitarian Needs The effects of climate change, strongly linked to the El Niño oscillation, have impacted some communities in Red Sea State. Six villages in the Hayaa and Tokar localities have been severely affected by floods at the end of the traditional rainy season. Across Darfur a total of 182 suspected viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases (including 103 deaths) were reported between 29 August and 25 October. Results from a needs assessment conducted by the Education Sector in Darfur revealed gaps in teacher training, low presence of WASH facilities (64% of schools were not connected to water and 45% had non-functional latrines) whilst two thirds of school infrastructure was damaged. This shows an unfortunate direct impact of the education cluster being funded at a mere 25% for Humanitarian Leadership and Coordination Following flooding in Red Sea State, UNICEF was amongst the first agencies responding to support urgent WASH, nutrition and health needs. The nutrition and WASH clusters have started working with the FSL cluster in developing a preparedness plan to address El Nino impact in Sudan. Meanwhile to address the spread of VHF in Darfur UNICEF, together with WHO and the MoH, is developing a holistic response plan. In Kharasana, West Kordofan, an important intersectoral mission was conducted. Access has been a challenge in this area with few partners operational on the ground. However, UNICEF has been able to assist some 10,000 refugees across all five sectors. In Darfur, the Education Sector conducted a needs assessment covering 30 IDP camps and 129 schools. Acting on the findings, UNICEF and sector partners (working with the WASH Sector) are prioritising provision of gender-sensitive WASH facilities in camps with critical needs. The Nutrition Sector is developing a multi-sectoral strategy on malnutrition (forming one of two central strategies in the HRP 2016), alongside a complementary strategy on protracted displacement led by the FSL sector. The Nutrition Sector also completed a Cluster Coordination Performance Monitoring (CCPM) survey with preliminary results showing that the sector is performing well in all areas. A nutrition in emergencies training for 45 Ministry of Health and NGO personnel (24 women, 21 men) was also conducted in September. The WASH Sector ratified a charter holding partners accountable to agreed common core values and adherence to a mandatory minimum staffing structure for partners carrying out WASH projects. The UNICEF-led sectors (Child Protection, Education, Nutrition and WASH) are working in close collaboration with line ministries to finalise data related to complete specific needs assessments for the HRP 2016. Humanitarian Strategy The WASH Sector closely assisted UNHCR in developing a refugee specific WASH strategy that was finalised in October. The Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) appealing for USD $1.04 billion is 57 per cent funded to date. UNICEF s appeal of USD $116,921,577 is only funded to 39 per cent. UNICEF continues to prioritise the life-saving critical needs of children in Sudan, and to advocate for humanitarian access to Jabel Marra, the Nuba Mountains and localities in Blue Nile State. Summary of Programme Results Sector (Cluster) Response UNICEF CHILD PROTECTION # boys and girls receiving psychosocial support # separated and unaccompanied boys and girls receiving long term alternative care arrangements EDUCATION 6 # of school-aged boys and girls accessing safe learning spaces # of children who have received education in emergency supplies and recreational materials Target Total Results 3 Change since last report Target 4 Total Results 3 Change since last report 279,873 287,150 14,248 139,430 5 83,325 12,328 6,000 2,612 681 2,200 1,344 157 180,000 80,742 29,427 115,000 30,825 0 400,000 118,610 8,146 310,000 92,276 26,807 2 Sector targets and UNICEF targets have been updated to reflect the HRP following its launch. Targets in the HAC will be reviewed and aligned, where relevant. 3 Total results are adjusted to be cumulative for and exclude December figures reported against some indicators by some sections/sectors in the January sitrep. 4 The UNICEF targets include the UNICEF targets in the technical sectors and in the Refugee Multi-Sector. This means that in some cases the UNICEF targets can be higher than the sector targets. 5 The target reflects expected enrolments of boys and girls in in addition to 43,153 enrolled boys and girls who continue to be provided with psychosocial support. Results reported against this indicator reflect newly enrolled boys and girls in. 6 Results reported on these indicators by the Education Sector are one month prior to the sitrep date due to partner reporting mechanisms. 2
Sector (Cluster) Response UNICEF HEALTH # of boys and girls under 1 year of age receiving first dose of measles vaccine 7 # of conflict affected people having access to primary health care services 8 NUTRITION 9 # of children 6-59 months affected by Severe Acute Malnutrition admitted to treatment # of caregivers receiving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counselling 10 WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE (WASH) # of affected people with access to improved drinking water # of affected people with access to safe means of excreta disposal # of affected people reached with hygiene messages and sensitisation activities Summary Analysis of Programme Response per Section Child Protection Target Total Results 3 Change since last report Target 4 Total Results 3 Change since last report 491,382 265,237 25,115 498,457 265,923 25,115 4,000,000 1,870,000 70,000 1,859,300 1,870,000 70,000 250,000 120,010 31,142 250,000 120,010 31,142 300,000 302,465 29,723 300,000 302,465 29,723 660,000 11 290,532 72,233 290,000 12 205,367 53,483 370,000 13 219,611 6,378 270,000 14 135,783 1,018 1,800,000 15 658,833 19,134 780,000 16 407,349 3,054 There has been a significant increase in the participation of children in psychosocial and recreational activities provided through child friendly spaces in almost all states of Sudan. The largest increases occurred in conflict affected states of Blue Nile, North Darfur and West Darfur where 12,238 children (7,086 girls) have recently joined child friendly spaces. As a result the total number of children reached with psychosocial support has increased to 83,325 (40,829 boys and 42,496 girls) from 70,997. This was achieved through sensitisation activities with children and their families conducted by social workers from UNICEF partners in the Ministry of Social Welfare (MoSW) in Blue Nile and West Darfur. In North Darfur, the second round of CHF allocations have allowed six NGO partners to provide preventive and responsive child protection services including psychosocial support in Mellit, Kabkabiya, Tawilla, Korma, Zamzam and Shangil Tobay localities. These services include home visits, during which children are encouraged to join recreational activities organised in child friendly spaces. 7 Results reported on this indicator are one month prior to the sitrep date due to partner reporting mechanisms. 8 Results reported on this indicator under the Health Sector currently only reflect UNICEF contributions. Sector wide results are bi-annual and full results from all sector participants will be included once published by the sector lead, WHO. 9 Results reported on these indicators are one month prior to the sitrep date due to partner reporting mechanisms. 10 85, 612 have been added to the total results but are not reflected in the change since last report due to consolidation of delayed reports 11 660,000 people will be provided with new water facilities. 1,200,000 people will be served through water supply system operation and maintenance (including operation of motorised systems, maintenance and rehabilitation of existing non-functioning facilities, water trucking and water chlorination). 12 290,000 people will be provided with new water facilities. 950,000 people will be served through water supply system operation and maintenance (including operation of motorised systems, maintenance and rehabilitation of existing non-functioning facilities, water trucking and water chlorination). 13 370,000 people will be reached through the construction of new latrines. 250,000 people will be reached through the rehabilitation of existing latrines. 14 400,200 people will be reached through the construction of new latrines. 219,800 people will be reached through the rehabilitation of existing latrines. 15 1,800,000 IDPs will receive hygiene messages for the first time in. In addition, 1,300,000 IDPs will be targeted for repeat messaging to reinforce behaviour change. 16 780,000 IDPs and refugees will receive hygiene messages for the first time in. In addition, 780,000 IDPs and refugees will be targeted for repeat messaging to reinforce behaviour change. 3
However, in Kharasana, West Kordofan there was a decline in the number of South Sudanese refugee children, mostly adolescents, participating in psychosocial and recreational activities organised in child friendly spaces. A drop has been recorded from 72 per cent of the total child refugee population in late June to only 48 per cent as of 18 October. There have been reports that a recruitment campaign was conducted in Kharasana, forcing over 800 refugees (with possibly up to 400 being boys) to join the fighting in South Sudan. The child protection teams in Sudan and South Sudan are working together to verify these allegations. In South Darfur there was also a decline in children attending child friendly spaces in the areas of Kass, Gereida, Kalma, Ottash and Khoar Abache, as children and adolescents from both sexes have accompanied their parents seeking work in farms during the harvest. Continuous efforts to reunite separated and unaccompanied children with their families or place them in alternative family care have been pursued by social workers in the MoSW with UNICEF support. During October, a total of 102 unaccompanied and separated children (15 girls) have been reunified in North Darfur with 55 (20 girls) having been placed in alternative family care. This includes West Darfur (eight boys and one girl), Blue Nile (16 boys and eleven girls), South Kordofan (four boys) and West Kordofan (seven boys and eight girls) bringing the number of children traced and reunified this year to 1,344 (some 28 per cent of which are girls). To prevent further family separation, an awareness campaign was conducted with government institutions, as well as UN agencies, in Kadugli, South Kordofan. This has since resulted in the identification of 40 households (15 headed by women) with 74 children which may be vulnerable to family separation. Measures have been taken to support these families as well as 20 other children that were identified. These include commitments from the Ministry of Education to ensure the children receive free education, uniforms and schoolbags as well as facilitating referrals with NGOs and UN agencies providing shelter, NFI and food support. Education Over the past months, UNICEF and partners enabled a total of 26,807 flood affected, displaced and host community children (44 per cent of which are girls) to benefit from education supplies in North Kordofan, Blue Nile, Central Darfur and North Darfur states. This is a 32 per cent increase when compared with the total results reported last month. The increase is attributable to the support provided to 46 flood affected basic schools in North Kordofan State (West Bara, Sheikan, Er Rahad and Umruwaba localities) as well as to 50 schools for internally displaced children in IDP camps in Central Darfur (Nertiti, Tohr and Guildo). In North Darfur (Om Al Moineen school for girls, Om Hajaleeg mixed school in Alkuma locality, Al Horia A school, Al Horia B school in Darelsalam locality, Al Abbasi school for boys, Yein Alddas school in Mellit locality, and Dabba Naira school in Tawilla locality) also benefitted from the supplies. The educational materials distributed include 239 seating mats, 150 teacher kits, 35 tarpaulins, 25 school-in-a box kits, and 20 recreational kits. This support helped to reduce direct schooling costs for the affected families which encourages access to and retention of vulnerable children in the education system. Access to safer learning spaces remained unchanged during the reporting month. However 16,590 displaced, refugee and host community children (50 per cent are girls) will, in the coming months, benefit from on-going or planned construction and rehabilitation of 317 temporary learning spaces and the construction of 50 gender-sensitive school latrines with hand washing facilities. This is mainly in North Darfur (Abushok, ZamZam and Elsalam IDP camps and Kabkabiya, Tawilla, Dar Salam and Mellit localities), White Nile (Assalam and Aljabalain localities) and West Kordofan (Kharasana). Health 4 This month, UNICEF completed the third round of the countrywide measles immunisation campaign which took place in the Darfur states. During the three rounds of the campaign in Darfur, 27,733 children aged under one have been vaccinated with the first does of the measles vaccine and a further 32,728 children in the same age group with Penta 3 (48 per cent boys, 52 per cent girls). The latest round of the campaign targeted populations in hard to reach areas including IDPs, refugees and nomadic children. In North Darfur 7,205 children have received the measles vaccine, which is a 16 per cent increase on the previous month. The annual coverage has improved to 64 per cent for measles coverage in Darfur and 70 per cent for Penta 3. The rate of coverage is almost in line with last year and it is predicted that with the last three rounds of the campaign targeting the Darfur states, the coverage will reach 80 per cent for measles and 90 per cent for Penta 3.
UNICEF has been closely monitoring the increase in malaria cases in West and Central Darfur as well as the recent outbreak of haemorrhagic fever across the Darfur states. UNICEF has responded by providing malaria test kits providing 12,500 tests as well as treatment to 6,000 children and 4,500 adults. In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and WHO, UNICEF is also providing medicine for case management and technical support in drafting a control plan with a strong communication strategy. In White Nile and the Kordofan states, UNICEF continues to provide health services to South Sudanese refugees. In White Nile, 45 UNICEF trained community health workers (50 per cent are women) are providing health services at the household level. The community health workers are stationed in refugee sites including Alagaya, Dabat Bosin, Alkashafa, Jouri and Elridais 1 benefitting 62,024 South Sudanese refugees across the five sites. Due to an increase in malaria cases in the refugee sites, UNICEF has conducted an urgent distribution of 5,000 long lasting insecticide treated nets to South Sudanese refugees in Um Sangour site. Along with the distribution, a communication strategy to the community was put in place through C4D activities, to promote proper use of nets.in the Kordofan states, UNICEF continues providing health services to South Sudanese refugees with essential medicines (including antibiotics, antimalarials and drugs for the treatment of roundworms, to name a few). This month medicines supported 37,350 South Sudanese refugees in South and West Kordofan. Essential medicines were prepositioned in South and North Kordofan in order to be able to respond to new needs in the coming months. South and North Kordofan have an established population of refugees, but there has also been an increase in the population as refugees who initially arrived in Kharasana, West Kordofan, have moved on to South and North Kordofan often on their way to White Nile or Khartoum states. In Blue Nile State UNICEF supported health facilities have received 670 consultations and conducted 34 health awareness raising lectures which have been attended by 530 participants (270 women, 60 men and 200 children). Beneficiaries are primarily IDPs that been affected by conflict and have been displaced to Demazine or Roseiries localities in the north of the state. Nutrition As a result of additional efforts to find and treat more children with severe acute malnutrition during the late hunger gap period (typically extending from May to early October) across the Darfur, White Nile, South and West Kordofan states as well as the Eastern states there has been an increase in admissions in the last month. Compared to the same time period last year, UNICEF and partners have treated an additional 15,000 children with SAM (7,323 girls and 7,677 boys) so far this year. The CMAM scale-up is progressing with almost 2,000 federal, state and locality level staff (some 65% women) trained on the simplified protocol across the country since activities started in March (115, 295 and 1,552 respectively). Since the end of 2014, 99 new feeding centres for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition have been opened (97 of which are for out-patient treatment and two of which are for in-patient treatment). This brings the proportion of health facilities offering SAM treatment services to 35 per cent (up from 31 per cent at end 2014). 5 Following an increasing trend of admissions of complicated cases of severe acute malnutrition to Nertiti Hospital in Central Darfur, UNICEF has scaled up implementation of the strategy to increase the CMAM programme coverage in Central, West and North Jebel Mara. This began with the training of 90 service providers from eight towns inside Jebel Mara with five new OTPs subsequently being opened. In addition three existing OTPs have were also revitalised. All eight OTPs have been operational since mid-october and are targeting 5,000 children with severe acute malnutrition for treatment by the end of 2016. UNICEF has prepositioned a three month supply of RUTF in Nertiti to ensure an un-interrupted delivery of services. 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 National annual SAM admissions (Annual treated per year, data to end Sept) j f m a m j j a s o n d 2011 (76,120) 2014 (136,838) 2012 (102,009) (120,010) 2013 (122,919) In the last reporting month UNICEF and partners have provided one to one counselling for just under 30,000 mothers. In an effort to provide more support for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to refugees in White Nile State, 60 volunteer mothers from refugee sites and their host communities have been trained in October and will establish their groups during November with support and close monitoring from UNICEF. Standardised community-iycf counselling tools have been printed and distributed to eleven of Sudan s 18 states. These will be used by community based counselling groups.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) In October, UNICEF successfully reached 53,483 conflict-affected people, predominantly South Sudanese refugees in White Nile State (18,372 in Elridais I and 23,582 Elridais II refugee sites) as well as IDPs in North Darfur (11,529 people) with WASH interventions. In White Nile (Al Redis I refugee site and its host community) the water supply is provided through a new sustainable and improved drinking water supply source made up of a compact water treatment system which treats impure water from the Nile river and delivers clean, safe water to the refugee sites and their host communities. The treatment system delivers water of comparable quality to commercial bottled water. In North Darfur, the IDPs were provided with improved sources of drinking water through the construction of two small mechanised water schemes (mini water yards). In addition, 1,018 people (919 in West Darfur and 99 in South Darfur) gained access to safe means of excreta disposal. Some 3,054 people were reached with messages on good hygiene practices delivered through household visits focusing on key behaviours such as hand washing with soap at critical times, use and maintenance of latrines and safe water storage and use at the household levels. During the house-to-house visits 153,000 cakes of soap were distributed to 19,125 families (covering the needs Children use a UNICEF water supply system in Al Kashafa refugee site of a typical family for between one to two months) in seven South Sudanese refugees sites across White Nile State to support improved hygiene practices including handwashing with soap and overall personal hygiene. Communication for Development (C4D) As part of the response to reports of deaths amongst children in Al Salam Locality, White Nile State, UNICEF in collaboration with local implementing partners undertook communication interventions to address gaps in caregiver s knowledge and promote positive care practices. A number of focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to understand the underlying causes for current practices. This was followed by capacity strengthening of 92 community mobilisers (11 men and 81 women) in order to raise awareness of key essential family practices amongst a population of 52,740 refugees in both the Al Reides sites as well as in the Jouri refugee site of White Nile State. Booklets and posters on breast feeding, handwashing with soap, the use of treated bed nets as well as the emergency behaviour change information booklet Safe Secure and Healthy were distributed. As part of the bed net distribution exercise this month, a number of home visits were conducted to ensure that beneficiaries knew how to hang up the treated nets correctly. In Central Darfur UNICEF visited the Nertiti locality of Jabel Mara, met with officials from the hospital, community leaders (including omdas and sheikhs), mothers of under five children and representatives of NGOs working in the area. The mission aimed to address the needs for the area and has recommended communication interventions to increase the knowledge amongst the community promoting essential practices that impact child survival. In West Darfur, UNICEF, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, organised community sessions for various community leaders in Krenik, Morni, Ganderni, Sirba and Geneina areas and distributed communication materials on integrated behaviour change and emergencies including Safe, Secure and Healthy to 6,000 people (2,820 men and 3,180 women). 6
Media and External Communication From the 18 th to the 20 th of October, an important high level delegation led by the OCHA Director Operations, John Ging, and accompanied by the main Humanitarian Donors for Sudan (USA, EU, UK, Netherlands) visited Sudan and were able to travel to North Darfur and Blue Nile State. Some of the main elements of discussion were related to working in a protracted crisis, as well as addressing important challenges related to humanitarian access for assessment and response to affected populations. During October, the UNICEF Representative has visited six European capitals for continued advocacy for the most disadvantaged children in Sudan and the urgency for the international community to step up its assistance on all fronts to help fulfil the fundamental rights of every boy and girl. On 22 October, as part of the EU ambassadors visit to the East of Sudan, UNICEF organised a visit to Ad Saidna Basic School for girls and boys, in the Rural Kassala Locality. The school is supported by the EU primary education retention programme which aims to improve access and retention of children, especially of girls, in schools by building capacity of schools to provide quality education. UNICEF implements the ongoing programme in collaboration with the Ministry of Education in Kassala, Gedaref and Blue Nile. The school visited by the Ambassadors has to date benefitted from the construction of two classrooms, a teachers office, latrines which are segregated by gender, and access to clean water. UNICEF also covered media interviews with Aljazeera English and Alsayha National newspaper on the education situation of children in Sudan and UNICEF s support based on the recently launched Out of school with over 3 million children aged 5-13 years out of school. One of the highest in the region. Supplies and Logistics Following much advocacy UNICEF was successful in attaining the government approvals required for clearing supply consignments which had been held up at Port Sudan for between five and six months. As of the end of the month, of 27 consignments, only eight are still pending approval. The remaining supplies held in port include cold chain equipment, essential medicines, dignity kits, latrine equipment, water tanks, water treatment tablets, school textbooks as well as education and recreation kits. The 19 which have cleared are being received in the UNICEF warehouse in Khartoum for immediate distribution to partners and beneficiaries. UNICEF provided technical support for initiating the tendering process needed to construct 84 latrines in Kosti this month. Further technical assistance was also provided to a partner NGO for the construction of 44 temporary learning spaces with 42 gender-sensitive latrines, and the rehabilitation of 57 schools in El Fasher, North Darfur. Supply operations delivered 4,615 cartons of RUTF, twelve obstetric, surgical, midwifery and sterilisation kits and 30 IMCI kits to El Fasher in North Darfur. A package of eight obstetric surgical midwifery kits and 30 IMCI kits each were also delivered to health centres in Nyala and El Geneina to assist pregnant mothers with safe delivery in health facilities. A further 4,800 cartons of RUTF were provided in Zalingie, Central Darfur to provide therapeutic nutrition for acutely malnourished children in the area. In South Kordofan, supplies of 27 PHC kits, ten IMCI kits and 1,000 long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) were delivered for malaria interventions. More LLINs were distributed through the State Ministry of Health to 5,000 households in White Nile State and 1,000 in Blue Nile State, whilst another 6,000 have been pre-positioned with the Federal Ministry of Health in Khartoum. To support expanded immunisation, UNICEF has delivered ten bicycles each to the State Ministry of Health in Gezira, Kassala, Gedaref, Red Sea, Northern, North Kordofan, Sennar, White Nile and River Nile States. Alternative learning programme textbooks were distributed through the state ministries of education to 6,000 children in West Kordofan and 5,000 each to North Kordofan and White Nile states. A further 4,000 each were distributed to Red Sea and Sennar, 3,500 each to Central and East Darfur with Kassala, with Gedaref and Blue Nile states each receiving 3,000 alternative learning programme textbooks. 7
Funding Funding Requirements 17 Appeal Sector Requirements (USD) Funds received 18 (USD) Funding gap $ unfunded % unfunded Cluster Coordination 1,270,593 448,063 822,531 65% Child Protection 9,299,923 2,764,148 6,535,775 70% Education 15,798,840 3,977,725 11,821,115 75% Health 12,423,805 8,761,473 3,662,332 29% Nutrition 36,776,073 16,528,842 20,247,231 55% WASH 41,352,343 11,754,174 29,598,169 72% Other 1,413,646 Total 116,921,577 45,648,070 71,273,507 61% Connect with us.next sitrep: 10/11/ Website: www.unicef.org/sudan Geert Cappelaere Representative UNICEF Sudan Email: gcappelaere@unicef.org Tel: +249 (0)156 553 670 ext. 300 Alison Parker Chief of Communication UNICEF Sudan Email: aparker@unicef.org Tel: +249 (0)156 553 670 ext. 310 17 As per the Humanitarian Action for Children (HAC) January. The target in the HAC are based on the targets of the HRP and RMS. 18 The amount under funds received reflects funds received as of 1 January till 27 October. Figures in the sitrep are rounded u 8
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