Ageing population Age structure Agricultural change A population with a rising average age, with a growing proportion of people aged over 65yrs Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population. New farming tools and new farming methods lead to an increase in the food supply Anti-natalism When a policy is designed to reduce the number of births. Asian tiger Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s. Asylum seeker Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. Birth rate the number of live births per thousand of population per year. Child mortality describes the number of children that die between the 1st-5th year in their lives in a population Concave Rounded inward Convex Rounded outward like a football
Country of origin The country from which a person or product originates. Death rate the number of deaths per thousand of population per year. Demographic transition model A theoretical model showing how: birth rate, death rate and total population change as a country develops. Dependency ratio Early expanding Economic migrant A measure of the number of dependents (aged under 15 or over 64) divided by the independent (working) population (people aged 15-64). Stage 2 in which mortality is reduced due to better living conditions, but birth rates remain high and population begins to grow. a person who chooses to move from one country to another looking for jobs and a higher standard of living. Education The process through which people learn. Emancipation of women Freeing women from opression and giving them equal rights and protection from exploitation. Emigrant A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere. European union International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
Exponential growth Growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size. Female infanticide the intentional killing of baby girls because of a preference for sons. Forced abortion When women are made to have an abortion against their will. Gender structure The balance between males and females in a population Healthcare The provision of doctors and nurses to care for people who are unwell. High fluctuating Host country Immigrant Industrialisation Infant mortality Stage 1, in which both birth and death rates are high; resulting in slow population growth. A country (other than the parent country) in which an organization operates a facility a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there. A process in which an increasing proportion of the population are employed in the manufacturing sector of the economy. Describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population
Late expanding Life expectancy Low fluctuating Stage 3 in which birth and death rates begin to drop, but population is still increasing. A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Stage 4 in which both birth rates and death rates are lowered; the population stabilizes. Migration A movement from one country or region to another Natural change the difference between birth rate and death rate, expressed as a percentage Natural decrease When the death rate is higher than the birth rate and the population is decreasing. Natural increase The birth rate minus the death rate. Newly industrialising countries One child policy Pension crisis LEDC's with a fast growing economy due to increased manufacturing and trade A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China. The problem created by an ageing population when there is not enough money to pay the pensions of the older people who are living longer.
Population pyramid A pyramid that represents a population's age and sex composition. Usually compiled using number of people in 5 year age bands. Pro-natalism When a policy is designed to increase the number of births. Pull factor Something positive that attracts people to move to somewhere else. Push factor Something negative that makes people move away from their present place. Push-pull factors Factors that induce people to leave one place and move to somwhere else. Refugee A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. Replacement rate the total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself. Rural-to-urban migration the movement of people form the countryside to the city. Social services Services needed by elderley people such as nursing homes, day-care centres and home carers. This puts additional financial pressure on countries. Sterilisation A process which prevents people from being able to have babies.
Sustainable population Transmigration When growth and development is at a rate that does not threaten the success of future generations The relocation of people away from overpopulated core regions to less crowded areas. Urbanisation Increase in the proportion of the population living in towns and cities. Zero growth A population in balance. Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease.