INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET) International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 8.5328 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJCET I A E M E EFFICACIOUS ELECTRONIC VOTING USING IOMETRY Feroz Morab 1, Sadiya Thazeen 2, Mohamed Najmus Saqhib 3, Seema Morab 4 1,2 [M.Tech] Digital Electronics and Comm. Engineering, VTU, angalore, India 3 M.Tech, VTU, angalore, India 4 [Ph.D] AMITY UNIVERSITY, Noida, India ASTRACT Elections form the cornerstone of our country which is the largest democracy in the world and as Abraham Lincoln has rightly said A ballot is stronger than a bullet, it is of utmost importance to protect the integrity of elections to make it a fair process of electing the representatives who hold the public office and run the country. The election process must be sufficiently robust to withstand any fraudulence and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible so that the voters and candidates can accept the results of an election without objections. In order to replace the less-reliable conventional ballot system, we propose voting system using electronic voting machines which make use of iometry to verify the voter authentication by matching the voter fingerprint with the fingerprint already saved in the database. This will ensure that no bogus voting or any other fraud is entertained. Keywords: iometry, Electronic Voting Machine, Fingerprint, Voting. I. INTRODUCTION For many years, paper-based ballot was used as a way to vote. This is an inefficient way of voting where people have to queue up to register their name before they can cast their vote. Furthermore, the traditional way of voting takes a long process and time. So, the novel electronic voting using minutiae will become the best solution to have a fair voting during elections besides providing easier way of voting. Compared to the conventional voting system, the Electronic voting has several advantages and completely rules out the chance of invalid votes and also makes the 32
election process hassle free. This Electronic voting is made even more secure, reliable, fast and robust with our proposed concept of using biometry as the means for verifying voter authentication based on fingerprint matching technique. iometrics is the automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics[1]. iometric recognition means measuring an individual's behavioural, physiological and biological characteristics in a recognition inquiry and comparing these data with the biometric reference data which had been stored during a learning procedure, by this the identity of a specific user is determined[2]. A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges, from the surface of a fingertip. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and they do not change over time. Even identical twins do not have identical fingerprints. In this paper we are proposing Finger print based electronic voting machine in which we use a finger print based module which is used to store the finger print of the voter. While storing the finger print of the voter a specific unique code will be given to the voter and when that particular voter comes for voting, his finger print will be scanned and also the code given to him should match the code which is already stored in the database. Only then that the particular person shall be allowed to cast his vote. It has been specially designed to collect, record, store, count and display data cent per cent accurately. The control unit consists of a micro-controller[1] and it has got flexibility to increase the number of members for electing. It has shut-off facility to avoid rigging. Once this key is pressed, no unauthorized person can edit or display the data. The voting machine is a simple keypad interfaced to control unit and has got labelling on it to identify the respective candidate. It has also got the key denouncing logic to avoid multi time triggering and leads to false counting. Microcontroller designs the control unit. Since it has internal flash, the data can be recorded internally and then processed further. It is simple, reliable and is tamper proof and error free. The polling data once recorded can be retained even when the power is turned off. II. LITERATURE SURVEY In India, in all earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections, a voter casts his/her vote by putting the stamp against the desired candidate s name and then folding the ballot paper before putting it in the allot box. This is a long, time-consuming process erroneous. Millions of paper would be printed and heavy ballot boxes would be loaded and unloaded to and from ballot office to polling station. All this continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine[5]. The marking system of voting was introduced in 1962 to make it possible for a substantial number of illiterate voters to indicate easily their preferences in choosing their representatives. Over the years, there was a pronounced increase in the volume of work, crores of ballot papers had to be printed and lakhs of ballot boxes had to be prepared, transported, and kept in storage; and a great amount of time would be taken to conduct the elections. To overcome these difficulties, the Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. (ECIL), Hyderabad, and harat Electronics Ltd. (EL), angalore, developed the electronic voting machine in 1981. 33
The few technical disadvantages are given as: Fig. 1: Existing voting system Microprocessor based design, which requires a no. of supporting components like memory, peripheral interface, etc. No security against illegal viewing of results, as presiding officer can view the results without any difficulty. Less user friendly due to two seven segment displays. Existing system costs around 25000 INR (560$). III. PROPOSED SYSTEM In the proposed method, as a pre-poll procedure, the finger prints of all the voters are collected and stored in a database using NFC tag. At the time of voting, the option of the voter is taken along with the finger print. The finger print taken by the scanner is sent to the microcontroller. The processed image is transferred to match existing finger prints and if he is the right person, only then the ballot buttons shall activate. Then he can cast his vote in real-time only once. The option entered by the voter is transferred to the server (whenever we have multiple voting machines)which is updated through internet every instant. IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING NFC/RFID READER ARM7 LPC 2148 16*2 ALPHANUMERIC LCD UZZER MICRO CONTROLLER MOTOR DRIVER ULN (2803) DOOR OPENING 2- AXIS STEPPER MOTOR Fig. 2: lock diagram of the EVM using iometry at the Door End 34
KEY OARD (PS2) MEMORY POWER SUPPLY 12V KEYS FOR SELECTION 89v51RD2 MICRO CONTRLLER (24C04) 16*2 LCD Fig. 3: lock diagram of the EVM using iometry at the Voter End. When a person comes to cast his vote then we check the data base of that person by using NFC (Near Field Communication) tag. The database of the person contains Name, address, gender, age and if the data base is matched with the NFC tag then the person is allowed to enter the voting booth. And then his fingerprint is scanned using fingerprint based scanner. If verification is successful, only then the ballot buttons will activate so that he can vote for any one suitable candidate. Then switches get deactivate until another person comes to cast his vote. If same person comes for second time to vote then a message will be displayed on LCD, as already voted. When each person votes for the particular political party then each time voting system will be updated. Finally when voting procedure completes then authorised person shall see the count by using his own username password and using his fingerprint. Hardware Components Required: 1. Power Supply: 12V DC 7. Finger print reader 2. Micro controller: 8951 rd2, ARM LPC 8. allot uttons 2148 3. uzzer: Freq-1 to 18 khz 9. NFC tag 4. RS 232 converter: MAX 232 10. RFID reader 5. LCD: 16x2 characters 11. Stepper motor 6. EEPROM memory: AT 24C04 (4Kbytes) 12. ULN 2803 35
Software essentials: 1. Keil software. 2. Eagle software for PC design 3. Flash magic to program microcontroller 4.1 TESTING Flow Diagram The dataflow diagram(dfd) is one of the most important tools used by system analyst. A data flow diagram should be the first tool used by system analyst to model system components. These components are the system process, the data used by this process, any external entities that interact with the system and the information flows in the system. Creation of DFD is the starting point of design phase that functionally decompose the requirements specification down to the lowest level of details. Data Flow Diagrams are made up of symbol which represents system components. The data flow modelling methods use symbols to explain process, data store, data flow and external entities. DOOR END FLOW DIAGRAM Start (POWER ON) Control unit reads the status of ARM Processor Person comes for vote, first check NFC TAG Using RFID reader NFC Tag is valid Display Invalid and uzzer will ON Display Valid and user Name, Age, Gender, Place Stepper Motor Will Rotate and Voting Room Door Will Open Stop 36
VOTING END FLOW DIAGRAM Start (POWER ON) Control unit reads the status of microcontroller If F1? NO YES LCD displays Login as Admin If Admin? LCD Displays YOU ARE NOT ADMIN LCD displays ENTER PARTY NAME IF F2? LCD displays Login as admin If Admin? LCD displays YOU ARE NOT ADMIN LCD display ENTER USER NAME C 37
C LCD display Please place your finger in the sensor LCD display Please place your finger to conform LCD display successfully saved data IF F3? LCD displays Login as admin If Admin? LCD DISPLAYS YOU ARE NOT ADMIN Displays results If F4? RESET RESULTS If F5? UNLOCK ACCOUNTS IF F6? FORMAT DEVICE A 38
A IF ESC? LCD DISPLAYS FINGERPRINT VOTING MACHINE IF TA? DISPLAY PARTY NAMES IF Caps Lock? DISPLAY USER NAMES stop V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The EVM consists of a control unit (CU) and ballot unit (U), both the units work independently as well as in collaboration with each other. The CU is accepting fingerprint or password in voting mode and is responding accordingly. In voting mode, CU communicates with U in order to exchange various signals. CU is counting the votes for individual candidate and total number of votes cast can be checked at any time. In result mode, the CU is again following the same password detection routine as in case of voting mode. In result mode, the CU displays the votes of individual candidate, in consecutive order, whenever the.result utton is pressed. The total number of votes can be checked in result mode in the same way as in voting mode. In total, the complete system (including all the hardware components and software routines) work as per the initial specifications and requirements. The technical work carried so far can be further improved by increasing the number of candidates. Also, it can be interfaced with printer to get the hard copy of the result almost instantly from the machine itself. It could also be interfaced with the personal computer and result could be stored in the central server and its backup could be taken on the other backend servers. 39
REFERENCES [1] The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems- Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillespie Mazidi. [2] Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microntroller-Predko. [3] http://www.iec.org: Web Pro Forum Tutorials, 2001. [4] Tutorial on microcontroller: www.8051projects.net/microcontroller_tutorials/. [5] Tutorial on LCD: www.8051projects.net/lcd-interfacing/. [6] General information about electronic voting machine. [7] www.eci.gov.in. [8] www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asp. [9] Soukaena H. Hashem, Abeer T. Maolod and Anmar A. Mohammad, Proposal to Enhance Fingerprint Recognition System, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 10-22, ISSN Print: 0976 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 6375. [10] Ashraf Darwish, Aliaayoussif, Magidalgendy and Eman Mohamed, A Secure and Robust Prototype for Electronic Voting System, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 510-519, ISSN Print: 0976 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 6375. AOUT THE AUTHORS Feroz Morab is currently pursuing M.Tech in DEC under VTU, angalore. He is into technical research in Digital Communication and has publications in many International Journals to his credit. He is moving towards Ph.D and his areas of interest include Wireless Communication, Field Theory and Digital Signal Processing. Sadiya Thazeen, pursuing M.Tech in DEC under VTU, angalore, has published many papers in International Journals. She s currently working on iometry involved technical projects and is moving towards her Ph.D. Her fields of interest are Digital Communication, Digital Signal Processing, Wireless Communication and Networking. Mohamed Najmus Saqhib obtained Masters in Digital Electronics with high merit. He is currently working towards obtaining a Doctorate and has publications in many International Journals to his credit. His research areas are Communication and Networking. Seema Morab is pursuing her Ph.D from AMITY UNIVERSITY, Noida, Delhi NCR and has published many papers in highly reputed International Journals. 40