Women s Economic Empowerment (WEE) in MENA region Ms. Yllka Gerdovci Cancel Regional Programme Specialist Women s Economic Empowerment UN Women Regional Office for Arab States 1
Content Women in economy in MENA region The Business Case for WEE in MENA region UN Women work, tools and approaches to WEE Q&A 2
Since the adoption of 2030 Agenda Jordan and Lebanon amend the Penal Code Tunisia s Law on violence against women 2017 Year of Egyptian Women and 2030 National Women s Strategy (NWS) National Action Plans to implement UNSCR 1325 Political participation of women increasing 3
Key labour market indicators for women in MENA region Female students in tertiary education (2014) Students in tertiary education who are female (%), 2014 Qatar Kuwait Tunisia Palestine Bahrain Algeria Lebanon Oman UAE Jordan Syria Saudi Arabia Morocco Egypt 64.3 63.9 61.5 59.9 59.9 59.7 55.7 55.3 54.5 52.8 49.2 48.6 48.5 46.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 4
Key labour market indicators for women in MENA region Women in STEM disciplines 5
Key labour market indicators for women in MENA region Labour force participation, rates 90 80 70 Labour force participation rates (% of population 15+) 60 50 40 30 20 Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) 10 0 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6
Key labour market indicators for women in MENA region Employment to population ratio, 15+ 70 Employment to population ratio, 15+ 60 50 40 30 20 Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) 10 Source: ILOSTAT database 7
Key labour market indicators for women in MENA region Gender pay gap ratio 50 Gender pay gap ratio 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Algeria Egypt Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Yemen 2014 2016 Source: World Economic Forum 8
Key labour market indicators Contributing family worker Contributing family worker 2017 [YR2017] 2016 [YR2016] 2015 [YR2015] 2014 [YR2014] 2013 [YR2013] 2012 [YR2012] 2011 [YR2011] 2010 [YR2010] 2000 [YR2000] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) Source: ILOSTAT database 9
Key labour market indicators Women in management positions 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 25 7.1 Egypt Women's participation in management 37 30 14 11 8.5 2.4 4.3 1.2 Iraq Jordan Lebanon Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Yemen Public Sector Management Private Sector Management Source: OECD & CAWTAR 2014, WB 2013 10
Key labour market indicators Employment by sector Employment by sector, women Employment by sector, men 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Employment in services, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate).. Source: ILOSTAT database 11
Key labour market indicators Female share of entrepreneurial activity, 2009 Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 12
Key labour market indicators Women in business 50 49.5 45 43.5 40 35 30 31.1 25 20 15 15 17.8 15.7 12.6 14.4 10 5 0 Algeria (2007) 4.9 2.4 Egypt (2016) 6.8 3.8 2.3 2.4 0 Iraq (2011) Jordan (2013) 5.3 4.4 3.5 4.3 Lebanon (2013) Morocco (2013) 2.5 2.7 1.2 Palestine (2013) 8.5 Syria (2009) Tunisia (2013) 6.6 1.6 0.6 Yemen (2013) Firms with female participation in ownership Firms with majority female ownership Firms with a female top manager Source: WB Enterprise Surveys 13
Business Case for Women Economic Empowerment Source: UN Women 2016 14
Key findings: Why WEE matters for economies? Source: UN Women, 2016 15
Key findings: Why WEE matters for businesses? Source: UN Women Report 2016 16
Realising the gains: next steps Source: UN Women Report 2016 17
UN Women Strategic Plan 2018-2021 Triple mandate: 1. Support the strengthening of normative frameworks for gender equality and women s empowerment; 2. Support Member States, at their request, in implementing commitments to the empowerment of women and girls through operational activities; and 3. Lead, coordinate and promote the accountability of the UN system in its work on gender equality and women s empowerment. 18
Outcome 3 (SP): Women have income security, decent work and economic autonomy Access to resources Access to services Power Agency Voice Gender gap in workforce By 20 pp Boost GDP by 415 billion $ 19
UN Women work in MENA region, tools and approaches Public Institutions Evidence based policy making Data collection and analysis Integrated gender sensitive services Gender Responsive Budgeting Gender Responsive Procurement Private entities Leadership Fair workplaces and nondiscriminatory practices Safety and Wellbeing Professional Development Enterprise development, supply chain and marketing practices Civil society Promote equality through community initiatives Challenge discriminatory social norms Advocate for change Reach all left behind 20
UN Women work in MENA region, tools and approaches Partnerships/new initiatives: Access to resources UN Women & ILO -Regional JP on Promoting Productive Employment and Decent Work for Women UN Women & UNIDO & FAO Regional JP on enhancing WEE through entrepreneurship development UN Women & IOM Regional JP on Labourmarket reintegration of women migrants and returnees UN Women & UNDP JP on support to implementation of SDG5 21
UN Women work in MENA region, tools and approaches With private sector towards decent jobs for women Access to resources 22
UN Women work, tools and approaches to WEE #Buyfromwomen platform to empower rural women 23
UN Women work, tools and approaches to WEE Arab Network for Economic Empowerment of Women Advocacy and knowledge dissemination platform Support implementation of the Cairo Declaration for Arab Women Knowledge-sharing within region and beyond Lobby and influence national policy in favourof WEE Awareness building on importance of WEE 24
Thank you for your kind attention! Ms. Yllka Gerdovci Cancel yllka.gerdovci@unwomen.org 25