Name # Parent Signature: Objectives w/vocabulary - Progress for People 8 th Social Studies DUE DATE: Essential Question: How did the Progressive Era both promote & limit freedom? Where were people who were moving into American cities coming from? Outside the country (immigrants): Inside the country (migrants): What TWO words explain why immigrants LEFT their home country What ONE word that describes why immigrants came to America: 3. Put a STAR by the challenges immigrants faced once they reached America (at least three). 4. UNDERLINE specific examples of how Progressives tried to make the following better: a. Cities b. Government Corruption c. Factories 5. The BEST description of what a MUCKRAKER is: a. An immigrant from Europe b. An investigative reporter 6. What amendment are these people fighting for in the picture to the right? 7. NEXT to each paragraph write the NUMBER OF THE MATCHING OBJECTIVE question(s). 8. List 4 things Progressives fought for: a. b. c. d.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Directions: Read the following summary and answer the questions below: After 1865 millions of new immigrants came to the United States. Most came from eastern and southern Europe, while thousands more came from Japan and China. These new immigrants had many differences from the culture of the old immigrants to the U.S. (religion, language and education). Many were pushed to come to the U.S. by poverty and persecution while others were pulled here by hopes of opportunity. Others from the rural parts of the United States also moved to the new industrialized cities. Escaping the horrible racism of the south, African Americans flocked to the northern cities in search of jobs. Many failed homesteaders and young people from the west also came east to find jobs and a better life. As these people came to the new American cities, they found terrible working and living conditions. Working in factories and mines was unhealthy and unsafe. Pay was so low, that many families were forced to have even the children work. Living conditions at home were no better as workers were stuffed into poorly built and dangerous apartments known as tenements. These workers soon organized unions to demand better pay and working conditions. It was the amazing mix of immigrants, migrants, poverty, wealth and industry that created the modern American city. Skyscrapers soared while immigrants lived just blocks away in the horrible filth of the tenements. Wealthy Robber Barons competed with each other to build lavish mansions as the poor struggled in dingy dirty factories for little pay. Horrible pollution caused disease and terrible living conditions as the people tried to find a balance between the power and wealth of the industrial age and the pollution, poverty and death it was causing. This struggle to find answers to the problems of the Industrial Age became known as Progressivism. Progressive reformers fought against political corruption, urban problems and business abuses. Others fought to improve the lives of the migrants and immigrants stuck in the most horrible working and living conditions of the city. At its peak, the Progressive Era saw the election of president Teddy Roosevelt who became known as the Trust Buster, for forcing companies with monopolies like Standard Oil to be broken up. Newspapers and journalist also helped the movement by Muckraking (digging up the dirt of bad businesses) in such books as How the Other Half Lives and The Jungle. Women also began to play a larger role in changing society. They started clubs which helped workers, children, immigrants and the poor. One famous example was Jane Addams who started the Hull House in Chicago. The Hull House was what became known as a Settlement House that acted as a community center to help immigrants, women and children. Women also pushed for and won passage of the 19 th Amendment, finally allowing them the right to vote. That was soon followed with the 20 th Amendment that banned the production and sale of alcohol, known as Prohibition. Overall, this era of American history saw dramatic improvements. Cities became cleaner with parks and new sewer systems. Laws were changed that gave more power to voters and limited government corruption. Factories and safety of the food supply also improved as Muckrakers and women led the movement to reform. Though troubles such as racism and the rise of the KKK in the north continued, the United States became a healthier and safer country.
*Steerage (p.637)- *Ellis Island (p.632)- Assimilate- Chinese Exclusion Act (p.641)- Sweatshops (p.640)- *Tenements (p.639)- Muckraker w/ Example(p.664 & 668-669)- Seventeenth Amendment(p.666)- Eighteenth Amendment/*Prohibition(p.676)- Nineteenth Amendment/* Suffragist (p.676-677)- Pure Food and Drug Act(p.681)- Conservation(p.681)- *The Jungle by Upton Sinclair(p.668)- Booker T. Washington/W.E.B. DuBois(p.678) Changes in Cities: Immigrant Changes: Progressive Reforms Government Changes: Changes for Women: BIG IDEAS: Please use your US book to find and list the MAIN IDEA for the following pages: Page 636 Page 662 Page 680
Differentiate between Ellis Island and Angel Island. Identify Push Factors (from slide): Identify Pull Factors (from slide): I. Immigration A. Old Immigration (Before 1865) Northern & Western Europe a. Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia Better Educated & Skilled a. Most had a skill of some sort (a trade) Ex. Carpenter / Butchers 3. Cultural Similarities....WASP! a. Spoke English (Easier to Assimilate) b. Protestant (Religion) B. New Immigration (After 1865) Southern & Eastern Europe a. Italians, Greeks, Russians, Polish Unskilled Labor a. Mostly poor Farmers b. No School Education 3. BIG CULTURAL DIFFERENCES a. Language Little to no English b. Religion Ex. Catholic / Eastern Orthodox / Jewish ** Much harder to ASSIMILATE** Definition??? 4. ASSIMILATION (Fitting In) a.children lead the way b. Speak English/Clothes/School 1 st GENERATION: Immigrant / Speaks only foreign Language 2 nd GENERATION: Son/Daughter of Immigrant / Speaks English & Parent s Language 3 rd GENERATION: Grand Children of Immigrant / Speaks ONLY English W A S P T) Describe the difference between Old and New immigrants to America. A)What part of Europe did each group originate from? B)What group had the most advantages upon reaching the United States? Why? C) List three reasons people would have left Europe for the United States: (U.S. Ch. 20 pgs. 636-641)_
C. Why Immigrate? Religious Jews suffer Russian Pogroms Killing and driving out of Russia Economic Too Little Land/$$$$$ 3. Crop Failures D. Where did they Go?? Ellis Island in New York City a. 1880-1930 20mill. Immigrant (Out of 27Million) b. Those not desireable sent back! Angle Island (San Francisco) a. Mainly Chinese
Historical Math: a. 12-18 Hours Working + Horrible Dirty Conditions = b. Apartments + = Tenements Chinese Exclusion Act From the notes Nativism is most likely to go with which of the following words: FOR AGAINST II. Working and Living in the Cities A. Population Explosion American Migrants a. African Americans from South b. Farming Families (Failed Homesteads) Immigrants from Europe B. TRAPPED in the CITIES New Immigrants a. Little to no skills (need factory jobs) b. Settle with same nationality in neighborhoods. Ex. Little Italy / Little Warsaw (Polish) Working Conditions a. Sweatshop Work (Factories) b. 12-18hr. Days / Poor Money / Kids / Dangerous Ex. Triangle Shirt Factory (HW Sheet, page 673) 3. Living Conditions a. Tenement Living ex. Apartments with small rooms, generally rented by families (1 Room = 1 Family) b. Filth, Overcrowding, Disease, Poverty C. Reaction to Cities & Immigrants Anti-Immigration Feelings a. Nativism (Amer. Protective Assoc.) -Against Immigration b. Congress Acts **RACIST - 1st Law, Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) -Literacy Bill (Vetoed by 3 Pres.) until 1917 c. Violence -1880 Denver, Whites attack Chinese -Race Riots, Whites attack Af. Americans T)Describe working and living conditions in most cities during this time period. A) Describe the type of places immigrants got jobs at in the cities: B) Explain the housing situation for most immigrants. C) Describe the Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Disaster. D) Identify Jacob Riis and explain and name his book (page 669). (U.S. Ch. 19 pgs. 624-627 & Ch. 20 pgs. 642-649, Ch. 21 pgs. 670-674 )
Draw a symbol or picture for the each of the words: Knights of Labor Collective Bargaining Read labor strikes on page 626-627 What do the Haymarket riot and the Homestead strike have in common? III. Labor Unions and Big Business A. Abuse of the Workers Horrible Working Conditions a. 12-18hr. Days / 6-7day work weeks b. Child Labor c. Sweatshops- Dirty, filthy factories Physical Abuse & Disasters a. Fired for anything -getting hurt, complaining b. Fire escapes locked c. Triangle Shirt Waist Fire B. Creation of Unions Workers Organize a. Organized to stop abuse b. 1 st Union: Knights of Labor Fighting Big Business a. Strikes: Stop working until you get changes (do bosses like this?) b. Collective Bargaining: Union makes deals with companies for all workers C. Big Business Fights Back Hires new workers for those on strike a. Tons of immigrants who need jobs Government Helps Big Business a. Sends in Army & Police b. Beat-up Strikers & Union Members 3. T) How did labor unions affect how big business treated workers? A)What was the unions biggest weapon in confronting the corporations? B) Who did the government usually side with in these disputes? C) Give two examples of how union protest turned deadly (see side panel) (U.S. Ch. 19 pgs. 624-627)
Women stand in laundries for 13 and 14 hours. Surely these women won t lose their beauty and charm by putting a ballot in the ballot box. *Amendment that belongs to the quote above: *Another word for Prohibition: *Amendment that is connected to Prohibition: 3 Facts about Jane Adams 3. 3 Ways Cities Improved: 3. Two ways the Suffrage Movement has changed the way we live today: IV. Women s Suffrage A. Suffrage Movement Want women to VOTE Early Beginnings a. Seneca Falls Declaration (NY) 1848 -Called for equal rights before Civil War Leaders a. Susan B. Anthony /Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3. Fights: Hunger Strike / Get Arrested 4. Results: a. Western states lead way -Women working side by side in tough conditions of homesteading, farming, ranching -Wyoming Suffrage 1890 b. 19th Amendment (1919)- ALL WOMEN CAN VOTE! Women stand in laundries for 13 and 14 hours. Surely these women won t lose their beauty and charm by putting a ballot in the ballot box. B. Women Help Cities How they Can help a. Better Educated- Rights to: college, practice law, and medicine Jane Addams & Settlement Houses a. Jane Addams -What can she do after college?? (Teach? Mother? Nurse? Is that all??????) b. Hull House -1st Settlement House in U.S. (Chicago) *Help Immigrants /Clean up Cities / Jobs for educated women c. Helps Immigrants -Teaches English -Babysitter -Helps with Job Skills 4. T) How did women try to reform the country? A) What did Settlement Houses do and who were they run by? B) Where were women allowed to vote first? C)Why were women so against alcohol? D) Name the two leaders of the suffrage movement. (U.S. Ch. 20 pgs. 648-649, Ch. 21 pgs 675-679)
C. Prohibition, (Temperance) Movement Make Alcohol Illegal Women lead Prohibition a. Men abuse & gambling problems -Women had no rights!!! 3. 18th Amendment 1917 OUTLAWS ALCOHOL (Overturned with 27 th Amend. In 1932) D. Other City Improvements Fixing Health Problems a. Sewers / Water Systems / Building Codes b. Industry Helps -Subways / Trolleys / Paved Street -Less Horses = Less Mess
Draw a symbol or picture for the each of the vocabulary words: Muckrakers How has The Jungle changed our lives today? 3 Ways Government Changed: 3. V. Changes to Business and Government A. Business Progress and Reform Business Problems a. Monopolies, Big $$, Horrible Factories Newspapers lead charge Muckrakers a. Reporters & Authors Digging Up Problems -Business, Factories, Corruption Ex. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair- How Horribly Dirty Meat Factories Are 3. TRUST BUSTERS a. Teddy Roosevelt President - Square Deal fair treatment for all -End Laissez-faire b. Government regulation of business c. Government Watches Businesses -Interstate Commerce Act/Commission -Federal Reserve (Banking) -Food & Drug Act/Commission -National Parks **HELP Make Lives Better!!!!!- Did it Work? B. GOVERNMENT Reform What needs to be fixed? a. Spoils System (political machines) -jobs given to friends of politicians ex. Boss Tweed-NY (not even elected) 5. T) Explain how the Progressive Movement change both business and government. A) What president was known as a Trust Buster? B) Name at least two ways voters gained more power in America during this time. C) What role did Muckrakers play? (U.S. Ch. 21 pgs. 662-669, 680-683)
Changes to Business and Government Cont U.S. Government takes action a. President Garfield ends Spoils System -Civil Service Commission & Exam -Committee to fill jobs in the gov t b. 16th Amend.- Income Tax c. 17th Amend.- Directly Elect Senators 3. State Reforms a. Primary Elections (Wisconsin) **Who you get to vote for (Republican/Democrat decided by the people, not Party Bosses like Boss Tweed b. Oregon System -Initiatives- public can put issues on ballot to become law -Referendum- voters can reject laws passed by legislators -Recall- voters can remove elected officials if they do not like their performance **Who had more power as a result of the reforms???
Essential Question Connection: Essential Question: How did the Progressive Era both promote & limit Freedom? Directions: Throughout this unit, pick aspects from each objective that would help to answer this essential question in the box below. When you turn in this packet, you need to take EVIDENCE from the assignments, notes, and objectives in your response to this essential question: Obj #1: Immigration Promote / Limit Obj #2: Working & Living In the Industrial City Promote / Limit Obj #3: Labor Unions & Big Business Promote / Limit Obj #4: Women & Reform Promote / Limit Obj #5: Government & Business Change Promote / Limit Answer: This will be turned in the day of the lesson test: