Bringing in International Talent: Government Policy vs. Professional Organizations 中国与全球化研究中心 2012 年 11 月 27 日

Bringing in International Talent: Government Policy vs. Professional Organizations 中国与全球化研究中心 2012 年 11 月 27 日

Background 1: China-Canada Talent Exchange Current Situation 2.8 million Canadians living abroad, 8% of the total population, high percentage of global talent. Over one million Chinese Canadian in Canada China has been the top country with migrants to Canada over the past years 2

New Trend Economic globalization accelerating China- Canada communication and cooperation Requirement of professional talents, higher talents and academic programs is increasing rapidly. More open China, promoting the growth of Chinese students study in Canada Immigrants are increasing, especially for the skilled migrants 3

In 2011, the total students entering Canada for studies reached 98,378,closely equal to 2010. However the number of Chinese students grew sharply to 21,812. Compared to 23.1% growth of 2010, accounting for 22.2% total of 2011. In 2011, Chinese students maintained the top place in Canada as before. 2006~2011 Number and Growth Ratio of China Student in Canada for Study Year Number Annual Growth Rate 2006 9126-2007 9453 3.58% 2008 13695 44.87% 2009 16010 16.90% 2010 17718 10.67% 2011 21812 23.11% 2012 CCG Source: Statistics Canada.

2007-2010 Number of Permanent Residence of Skilled Immigrants Canada Approved 2007 2008 2009 2010 The total of Chinese citizens obtaining permanent residence Approved the total of obtaining permanent residence on skilled immigrants 27013 29337 29051 30197 114946 126152 128877 159702 Source: Statistics Canada. 5

2007-2010 The Number of Chinese Obtaining Canada Work Visa 2000 2005 2010 2007-2010The number of Chinese obtaining the work visa (Including Taiwan) 1495 1771 4461 The number of other countries obtaining the work visa 116565 122662 182276 Proportion 1.28% 1.44% 2.45% Source: Statistics Canada. 6

Background 2 Subject Factor of Talent Flow Government+ Enterprise+ Professional Organization Talent exchange Area1 Area2 2012 CCG

China Government Policy China s National Talent Development Plan (2010-2020) Target Unit 2008 2015 2020 Total Number of Talent s 10,000 11,385 15,625 18,025 Ratio of R & D talent s in Labor Force 1/10,000 24.8 33 43 Ratio of High Skilled Talents in Labor % 24.4 27 28 Ratio of Labor Force who Have Higher % 9.2 15 20 Ratio of Human Capital Investment of GDP % 10.75 13 15 Ratio of Talent Contribution to GDP % 18.9 32 35 2012 CCG

China China s Programs on Overseas Talents Thousand Talents Program Series 2008 Thousand Talents Program 2010 Thousand Young Talents Program 2011 Thousand Foreign Experts program 2011 Special Talent Zone 2012 Ten Thousand People Plan 2012 CCG

China In 1994, Hundred Person Program by Chinese Science Academy ( 百人计划 ) was started Started in1997,spring Light Program( 春晖计划 ) attracted 12000 returnees on a short term basis Started 1998, Cheung Kong Scholars Programme, ( 长江学者计划 )awarded 14000 scholars for making services to over 130 universities in China There are also 150 Returnee Entrepreneurial Parks ( 创业园 )set up in China and over 10000 enterprises set up by returnees In July 2013, China will introduce the Talent Visa to attract high-level overseas talents. 2012 CCG

Canada A Well-Developed Immigration Policy System Canada is the first country to adopt Points Based Immigration System, and some provinces have their own Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). Canada lays particular stress on skilled immigrants, and over 50% accounting for permanent residence in recent years. Skilled Immigrants Proportion of Total Immigration 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 48.6 51.0 51.1 56.9 53.6 2012 CCG 11

Canada Other Policies Study Direct Stream(SDS) On April 28 th,2012,canada introduced a policy of attracting international students SDS(Study Direct Stream)to replace the GIC( Guaranteed Investment Certificate ). SDS lowered the language requirement and made the students visa application system more straightforward. Canada Research Chairs Plan(CRC) In 2000,Canada implemented Canada Research Chairs plan to attract outstanding talents from other countries. 2012 CCG

Professional Organizations With China-Canada talents exchange increasing activ ely, professional organization s functions is gradually becoming prominent. For example After 2000,ChenHong ZhuMin DengFeng are belonged to the same professional organization before they back China to start their own business. Zhonghan Deng & National Day ceremony Professional also provide some forums to enhance the bringing in talents Compared to traditional organizations, professional organizations present some new characteristics 2012 CCG

Definition of Concept Overseas Chinese Professional Organizations Unlike traditional overseas organizations which are based on territorial and blooded relations, overseas professional associations were initiated by elite members, who possessed special skills, fortune and social status. The major objectives of these new kinds of organization are to strengthen their relationship with motherland, facilitate the connection of local oversea Chinese with other people and enlarge the winwin space in the communication between their original country and their resident countries. Three Characters National origin :Chinese Occupation :the similar professional field Region:in Canada 14

Development Current Situation & Characteristics Evolution Hometown & relative Association To seek help basing on region, language and relatives Industrial Association To protect economic interests and promoting industrial development basing on the similar industry Overseas Chinese Professional Association To promote talent flow, trade and business transaction, culture and technology basing on Professional background The early 19th century The late 19 th century the early 20 th century After the mid 20th century 15

Nearly 30 Representative Organization The Chinese Professionals Association of Canada Canada-China Society of Science and Technology Canadian Chinese Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Association Canada Zhong Guo Ren Association Montreal Tsinghua Alumni Association SinoCann Entrepreneurs Association Federation of Chinese Youth of Canada Canadian Association of Chinese IT Professionals Canada China Building Industry Society The Chinese Professionals Association of Canada CTCA Trade & Culture North America Association 2012 CCG

The Characteristics and Current Situation According to the investigation from CCG in Dec.2009,compared with traditional association, new associations have some new characteristics: more Professionalization and globalization, more closely related with China, more popular, more industries and structure,and more melted into the local society. Proportion Professionalization and Globalization cooperation with China More closely Disagree Completely Disagre e Uncertain 3% 22% 75% 9% 91% More popular 22% 78% Diversification Industry and Structure 19% 81% melted into the local social 30% 70% Agree Source:CCG Survey on the Third Overseas Chinese professional association Joint Session 17

Characteristic 1: Professionalized and Globalized Globalization: More and more global and international professional associations are being established Professional associations pay more and more attention to cross-border activities and meetings Professionalization : According to the survey,1/3 associations established is to professional exchange Survey of Association Objectives percentage No special objective 38% professional exchange 33% Communication with motherland Conveniently 18 19% others 10% Source:CCG Survey on the Third Overseas Chinese professional association Joint Session

Characteristic 2: Closer Relationship with Motherland Form Contact and communication Scientific and technological cooperation Talent exchange Returned venture Huayuan Science and Technology Association,the Silicon valley's largest Chinese student organization, has established two China branches in Beijing and Shanghai, to launch activities,promote exchange between silicon valley and zhonguancun which is a representative of mainland China high-tech industry cluster 19

Characteristic 3: Gain More widespread Popularity Let all have a say, not just one,new overseas Chinese associations management become more scientific and democratic New overseas Chinese associations are more attractive than traditional overseas Chinese associations New overseas Chinese associations accept innovation consciousness easily 20

Characteristic 4: Diversification of Professional and Industry From a single skill professional expanded to a wider range of professional fields Overseas Chinese professional have changed from the "Three knife" (kitchen knife, scissors, razor) to "Three - cian (physicians,engineers,accountants) and "Three -ist "(scientists, entrepreneurs, inventor), the trend of overseas Chinese entering politics has also risen. 21

Characteristic 5 : Cooperation and Communication among Different Professional Associations gradually Increased In the past, due to different geographical origin and relationship by blood, it was difficult to get into further cooperation between different associations. However, Overseas Chinese professional associations with no gap of regional, fellow countryman and clan, have certain complementarities in cooperation. There are some associations dedicated to creating cooperation among different Chinese associations. For example, "Chinese federation in Canada", established in 1992 in vancouver, aiming to strengthen the cooperation of each Chinese association, has more than 280 group members at present. 22

The role of professional associations on China- Canada Talent Flows A bridge of science, technology and cultural exchange between China and Canada The resource pool and liaison office for China to bring in talents A platform of Mutual understanding talent policy between china and Canada Promoting professional skills exchange of talent between China and Canada Maintaining the interests of the community talents group To realize the internal resource sharing of talents Promoting the bringing and cooperation among associations 23

Some Policy Suggestions Full understanding of the role of professional associations on China-Canada Talent Flows is required Relevant government policies to promote professional associations development should be put in place Professional associations should play a bridging role promoting folk talents bringing and cooperation A cooperation mechanism to promote China-Canada talents bringing of government and civil organization should be establishing 24

Strengthening bilateral cooperation relations, and promoting the role of "sea gull" on China-Canada exchange Professional s qualification authentication should be put in place to allow talent exchange between China and Canada. Improvement in management of professional associations is necessary to realize the sustainable development of NGOs Provide financial support for professional associations on China-Canada cooperation projects 25

郑巧英 Thank you! Zheng, Qiaoying Associate Researcher Projects Director Center for China and Globalization Web: www.ccg.org.cn Email: zhengqiaoying@ccg.org.cn 26