PROFILE OF THE PUNJAB POLICE PERSONNEL

CHAPTER- IV PROFILE OF THE PUNJAB POLICE PERSONNEL 4.1 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE IN PUNJAB 4.2 PROFILE OF PUNJAB 4.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP 4.4 REGIONS 4.5 JALANDHAR POLICE COMMISSIONERATE 4.6 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF KAPURTHALA 4.7 PROFILE OF SHAHID BHAGAT SINGH NAGAR 4.8 PRESENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF POLICE 4.9 THE STATISTICAL PROFILE OF PUNJAB POLICE 4.10 STRUCTURAL PARADIGM AND RANK STRUCTURE OF POLICE ORGANIZATION 4.11 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE POLICE 4.12 STATE POLICE FORMATIONS 4.13 POLICE STRENGTH 4.14 CONCLUSION

80 CHAPTER IV PROFILE OF THE PUNJAB POLICE PERSONNEL 4.1 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE IN PUNJAB In Punjab, before the arrival of Britishers, there was an indigenous police system blended with a mixture of usage and custom. The Britishers after annexing the concurred Punjab with the territory of British India in 1849 formed a three member Board of Administration under Sir Henry Lawrence as its President to control the crime and mainly focus on to maintain peace. Other two members of the Board were John Lawrence and Mansel. Mansel was succeeded by Montgomery in 1950. The Board was entrusted a vast range of powers and unrestricted control on all the matters pertaining to the Punjab. The Board members were powered to enjoy triple powers-civil, fiscal and criminal even to the extent of awarding death sentence and exercise general supervision of every moral and material improvement of Punjab (Singh 1970). The Board paid special attention to the police force in the organisation, principles of criminal law and procedure and prison discipline. Initially, they raised Armed Police force, both infantry and mounted, partially for the protection of the frontier and the preservation of internal peace. Special dual basis police formed i.e. the Preventive Police with a military organisation and the Detective Police on civil lines. Initially, the infantry in military police force was divided into six battalions and afterwards the number of these battalions subsequently increased six to ten. The first four battalions were formed from one of the old soldiers of the Sikh Army who had remained loyal to the British during the Second Anglo-Sikh war (Garrett 1927). It was consisted the executive staff under the Board of Commissioners, Deputy Commissioners, Assistant Commissioners

81 and Extra Commissioners. Sir John Lawrence appointed the Chief Commissioner of Punjab in 1853. He exercised the appellate powers of the civil and criminal power of a session s judge. The whole territory of Punjab was divided into 228 (Two hundred and twenty eight) police jurisdictions. Each police jurisdiction was stationed a Deputy Commissioner with both one or two subordinates of various ranks and about 30 police men (Singh 1970).The police administration in Punjab under the Chief Commissioner worked till the enforcement of the Police Act in 1861 (Garret 1927). By the Police Act, the whole Punjab was divided into four police circles such as Ambala, Lahore, Multan and Jhelum under Mr. George Hutchinson as the first Inspector General of Police (IGP) of the province. Each circle of the province was appointed a Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIGP) under the direct supervision of IGP Punjab. The organisation, in each district, was placed under the control of a Supdt. of Police and for his assistance subordinates ranks like Inspectors, Deputy Inspectors, Sergeants and Constables were designated (Gupta 1979). The Railway Police for dealing with the crime on railway was created in 1869. In 1891 the Police Training School (PTS) was established at Phillaur in Jullundur district for the special training of the police personnel. The Punjab Provincial Police Service was institutionalized on the recommendations forwarded by the Police Commission under the chairmanship of Sir Andrew H.L. Fraser in 1902. All the police personnel for this service were to be recruited from Punjab but the higher rank officers were to be recruited in England on the lines of European service. As per the report on Police Administration in Punjab submitted by C. Brown, IGP Punjab, to A.H. Diack ICS, Chief Secretary to Government of Punjab on 13-6-1903, the police department in 1902 was organized into 3 (three) Police Ranges i.e., Eastern Range, Central Range and Western Range and the total strength of police personnel in 1902 was 18,250. The majority of the constabulary was of Muslims community and

82 Urdu was the most popular language in the police functioning but only 5% to 6 % of the total strength was able to read and write properly. The police strength in the organisation, especially at lower level, was increased on the recommendations given by the Punjab Provincial Police Committee known as Lumsden Committee under Mr. O.F. Lumsden ICS in 1926. After the recommendations, post of the two investigating police officers with one Head Constable and a total staff of 12 Constables were introduced in a normal Police Station (PS) which registered 75 cases a year in 150 square miles of area. The rank of Assistant Sub Inspector (ASI) in between the Head Constable (HC) and Sub Inspector (SI) was also created. Punjab Police Rules (PPRs) under the preview of Police Act 1861 were also framed in 1914 afterward it was revised and enlarged in 1939 to make such the Punjab Police a thoroughly professional organization. The PPRs were basically reframed to improve the effectiveness of administration of the police systems in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and areas comprising NWFP and Western Punjab now falling in Pakistan (Aujla 1995). After independence, the police force was made a state subject under Article 246 of the Constitution of India and working of the state police forces was governed by the concerned State Government. Inspector General of Police (IGP) and later on, Director General of Police (DGP) was made as a head of the state police with accountability to the state government (CHRI 2005). The Indian Police (IP) 1 was changed by the Indian Police 1 Till 1919 Indian Civil Service (ICS) officers were appointed as the senior police officers in India who were British but Indian Police Service (IPS) was created by the Government of India Act passed in December 1919. First recruitment of IPS officers was carried out in 1921 in which 25 IPS officers were selected from India. In 1933 IPS designation was changed to Indian Police.

83 Service (IPS). The Indian Police Service (IPS) officers were recruited, trained and managed by the Union Government but rendered their services to the states. Some old laws like Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 were reframed in 1973 and various other legislations including Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 were also introduced for making the procedure of crime investigation easier. When India emerged as a welfare state on the lines of liberal democracy, it was expected by the society that the police would work as a service provider to the citizens of the country and work as an instrument in the reconstruction of the society. But unfortunately, our police was still governed by the colonial police law and colonial police culture by which the police was presented a mightier character than any other organization in the governmental system (Katara 1997). The police officers were given wide range of powers by the Police Act 1861 and the negative manipulation was possible very easily and therefore, nobody wanted to go to a police station because of rude and excessive behaviour of police officials (Siddiqui 2007). The Section 34 of Police Act 1861 mentioned, This statute pertains to the people who are illiterate, senseless and ill mannered. They don t know the proper manner and good behaviour in this society. 4.2 PROFILE OF PUNJAB Punjab is situated in the northwest of India. The Indian state borders, the Pakistani Province of Punjab to the West, Jammu and Kashmir to the North, Himachal Pradesh to the Northeast, Chandigarh to the East, Haryana to the South and Southeast and Rajasthan to the Southwest. The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometers. The Projected Population is 28,160 (1.10.2012) in thousands. Punjab s capital is Chandigarh, which is administered

84 separately as a Union Territory. Other major cities of Punjab include Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala and Jalandhar. 4.3 ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP Punjab has twenty two districts which are administrative controlled by District Collector. As shown in table 4.1 these districts further are subdivided into 79 Tehsils, which are under the administrative control of a Tehsildar. Each Tehsil consists of blocks which are total 143 in number. The blocks consist of revenue villages and the total numbers of revenue villages in the state are 12,278. Apart from these there are 22 Zila Parishads, 136 Municipal Committees and 22 Improvement Trusts looking after 143 towns and 14 cities of Punjab. TABLE 4.1: GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, NO. OF VILLAGES AND BLOCKS IN DIFFERENT DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB District Area (Sq Kms) No. of Tehsils No. of Sub Tehsils Amritsar 2676.3740 4 5 Barnala 1412.9901 2 2 Bathinda 3374.1890 3 4 Faridkot 1475.9645 2 2 Fatehgarh Sahib 1142.4416 4 1 Ludhiana 3707.0851 7 7 Mansa 2168.5908 3 3 Moga 2230.9172 4 1 Muktsar 2634.2405 3 4 SBS Nagar 1259.5952 2 1 Patiala 3318.4168 5 3 Rupnagar 1376.5143 4 2 Sangrur 3603.2098 6 7 SAS Nagar 1093.8194 3 1 Tarn Taran 2418.3104 3 5 Firozpur 5258.9944 3 3 Fazilka 9184.3 3 3 Gurdaspur 3564.9752 3 8 Hoshiarpur 3368.6790 4 5 Jalandhar 2629.9561 5 7 Kapurthala 1628.7370 4 1 Pathankot 4641 2 2 Source: http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/punjab.pdf

85 FIGURE 4.1:MAP OF PUNJAB Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/punjab/punjab-district.htm Figure 4.1 shows the map of Punjab and the table 4.2 depicts the details of police zones, ranges, districts, sub division, circle and police stations in Punjab. Whereas table 4.3 and

86 4.4 gives the clear picture of the sanctioned and actual police station and police posts in urban and rural area as on date 01.01.2013. Detail of women police station according to their location shown in the table 4.5 TABLE 4.2: POLICE ZONES, RANGES, DISTRICTS, SUB DIVISIONS, CIRCLE AND POLICE STATIONS IN PUNJAB- AS ON 1.1.2013 1 Police Zones 4 2 Police Ranges 7 3 PUNJAB Police District 24 4 Police Sub Division 118 5 Police Circles 0 6 Police Stations 381 Source: Data on Police Organizations as on 1.1.2013, Published by BPR&D TABLE 4.3: NUMBER OF SANCTIONED AND ACTUAL POLICE STATIONS AS ON 1.1.2013 (RURAL AND URBAN) PUNJAB Police Stations Sanctioned Actual Rural 200 Urban 170 Railway 11 Total 381 Rural 200 Urban 170 Railway 11 Total 381 Source: Data on Police Organizations as on 1.1.2013, Published by BPR&D

87 TABLE 4.4: NUMBER OF SANCTIONED AND ACTUAL POLICE POSTS AS ON 1.1.2013 (RURAL AND URBAN) PUNJAB POLICE POSTS Sanctioned Actual Rural 100 Urban 54 Total 154 Rural 100 Urban 54 Total 154 Source: Data on Police Organizations as on 1.1.2013, Published by BPR&D TABLE-4.5: NUMBER OF WOMEN POLICE STATIONS AND THEIR LOCATIONS IN PUNJAB- AS ON 1.1.2013 PUNJAB Number of Women Police Stations LOCATION Amritsar Ludhiana City Ludhiana(R) Jalandhar Patiala Bathinda SAS Nagar Source: Data on Police Organizations as on 1.1.2013, Published by BPR&D 4.4 REGIONS The area of Punjab is divided into three regions which are the following: Malwa is a region of Punjab and its parts of Haryana between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. Malwa People are also known for being warriors and great fighters. The area of Malwa makes up major part of the Punjab region consisting eleven districts. Big and popular cities such as Ludhiana, Patiala, Bhatinda and Mohali are located in the Malwa region whereas Majha is famous for historical region of the Indian Punjab. It comprises the modern districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran. It has two rivers i.e the Ravi and the Sutlej which

88 lies between two of the five great rivers of the Punjab. The region of Punjab is called as Doaba, the region of Indian Punjab surrounded by the rivers Beas and Sutlej. The name "Doaba" literally translates to "land of two rivers" ("Do" two, "Ab" river; Punjabi). It is one of the most fertile regions of the world, and is the centre of the Green Revolution in India. To this day, it remains one of the largest per capita producers of wheat in the world. The biggest and most popular cities in Doaba are Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Adampur, Nawanshahr and Phagwara. 4.4.1 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF PUNJAB POLICE CHART -4.1 Source: http://punjabpolice.gov.in/organizationalchart.aspx

89 4.4.2 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF HOSHIARPUR CHART -4.2 Source: http://www.hoshiarpurpolice.com/org_diagram.php 4.4.3 GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF HOSHIARPUR Hoshiarpur district is located in the North-East part of the State. It falls in the Jalandhar Revenue Division and is situated in the Bist Doab, Doaba region of the State. The district is sub mountainous and stretches of river Beas in the north-west. It lies between north latitude 30 degree-9 and 32 degree-05 and east longitude 75degree -32 and 76degree -12.It shares common boundaries with Kangra and Una districts of Himachal Pardesh in the North East, Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts (interspersed) in South-West and Gurdaspur district in the North-West. At present, it has an area of 3386 Sq. Kms. and a population,as per 2011 Census is 15,86,625 persons. 2 2 Area & Population (2011 Census) *Villages namely Hajipur and Rakri of tehsil Mukerian (Total population 11813) & village Chohal of tehsil Hoshiarpur (population 7304) were counted as Census Towns for census purpose. The total population 19,117 of these three villages has been included in Urban Population by the Census Department. Population (2011 Census)

90 TABLE 4.6: DETAILS OF POPULATION OF RURAL AND URBAN AREA Tehsil Rural Urban Total Populati on % age Rural Male Female Total Male Female Total Hoshiarpur 189724 181311 371035 99267 90044 189311 560346 66.2 33.8 Dasuya 153601 150700 304301 28878 27326 56204 360505 84.4 15.6 Garhshankar 153499 148897 302396 14730 13585 28315 330711 91.4 8.6 Mukerian 137646 136278 273924 31712 29427 61139 335063 81.8 18.2 Total 634470 617186 1251656 174587 160382 334969 1586625 78.9 21.1 % age Urban Source: Retrieved from www.punjabcensus.gov.in/ 4.4.4 DIVISIONS Table 4.7 shows that the Hoshiarpur District comprises into 04 Judicial Sub-Divisions, 10 Development Blocks, 08 Municipal Councils and 2 Notified Area Committees. TABLE 4.7: JUDICIAL SUB-DIVISIONS S.No Sub Divisions 1. Hoshiarpur 2. Dasuya 3. Mukerian 4. Garhshankar Source: http://www.hoshiarpurpolice.com 4.5 JALANDHAR POLICE COMMISSIONERATE Jalandhar city is situated in Doaba Region of Punjab between two rivers Beas and Sutlej. It is located at 710 31' East and 300 33' North at a distance of 146 kms from capital of state

91 Chandigarh. Jalandhar Police Commissionerate is surrounded by Jalandhar Rural district and adjoined by Ludhiana district in East, Kapurthala in West, Hoshiarpur in North and Ferozepur in South. Jalandhar Commissionerate System came into existence in Jalandhar city on 15 th Feb 2010. Administratively, it is divided into 14 regular police stations and 2 special police stations viz. women police station and NRI police station, 05 Sub-divisions and 02 Zones (City-1 and City-2). Apart from these police stations crime wing, special branch, traffic police and PCR mobile vehicle units form an integral part of Jalandhar Police Commissionerate as shown in chart 4.3 The police stations are administrated by an Inspector/SI rank officer designated as Station House Officer. The first top level supervisory officer in the rank of DSP is designated as Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP). The next to DSP in the rank is Superintendent of Police (SP) is designated as ADCP (Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police). The supervisory officer (district wise) in the rank of SSP who is second in command in the Commissionerate is designated as Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP). The officer in command of the Commissionerate is in the rank of DIG/IG of police designated as Commissioner of Police. The Director General of Police, Punjab administrates direct supervision of the City Commissionerate. The Core strength of the Commissionerate lays in its human resources i.e. 3,250 Personnel comprising 19 gazetted officers, 232 Non-Gazetted Officers & 3008 Other Ranks including HC, Ct, SPO, PHG & Class-4 Employees. The Commissionerate Police takes pride in having 14 President's police medals for gallantry (14 serving and 2 posthumous), 2

92 Prime Minister's police medals for life saves and 14 President's police medals for meritorious services having been awarded to its officers. The Commissionerate leadership caters for the training, administrative and various welfare aspects of police personnel and their families. Apart from the human resources services, the Commissionerate has adequate material and financial resources provided by the government to effectively perform its duties and maintain high level of professionalism. The Commissionerate of Police is bound to serve all the citizens round the clock with full devotion and dedication. 4.5.1 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF JALANDHAR CHART-4.3 Source: Retrieved from http://www.jalandharpolice.com

93 4.5.2 JALANDHAR RURAL POLICE Jalandhar Rural Police came into existence on Feb 15, 2010. As shown in figure 4.2 Jalandhar District has been divided in two parts, First part is Jalandhar City area which falls in Jalandhar Police Commissionerate and rest of the remaining district falls under SSP Jalandhar Rural, there are 5 sub divisions consisting of 15 Police stations and 1 NRI Police station in District Jalandhar Rural. FIGURE 4.2: MAP OF DISTRICT JALANDHAR RURAL Source: Retrieved from http://www.jalandharruralpolice.com

94 4.6 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF KAPURTHALA A Senior Superintendent of Police (S.S.P.) is the District Police head. He is responsible for maintenance of Law and Order in the district and all matters relating to the police establishment. To assist the SSP, further there are Superintendents of Police designated as: 1. Superintendent of Police (Head-Quarter) 2. Superintendent of Police (Detective) To assist above mentioned officers the following Dy.S.Ps designated as: 1. Deputy Superintendent of Police (Head-Quarter) 2. Deputy Superintendent of Police (Detective) 3. Deputy Superintendent of Police (Special Branch) To command at the sub-divisional level Supdt. of Police/Dy.S.Ps are posted to assist the District Chief, as follows: 1. Superintendent of Police, Sub. Div. Phagwara 2. Deputy Superintendent of Police: Sub-division Phagwara. 3. Deputy Superintendent of Police: Sub-division Kapurthala. 4. Deputy Superintendent of Police: Sub-division Bholath. 5. Deputy Superintendent of Police: Sub-division Sultanpur Lodhi

95 4.7 PROFILE OF SHAHID BHAGAT SINGH NAGAR This District came into existence as 16 th District of Punjab on Nov 5, 1995. In this district, there are two Sub-divisions and 468 villages. In this district there are small towns like Banga, Rahon, Balachaur, Aur, Pojewal and Bhaddi. There are three Sub-Divisions namely Nawanshahar, Balachaur and Banga (Temp.) in this district. 4.7.1 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SHAHID BHAGAT SINGH NAGAR CHART : 4.4 Source: http://www.sbsnagarpolice.com/our_structure.html 4.7.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar is located at the North area of India. The total area covered of this district is 1, 27,755 hectares. According to the census of 2001 the population of this district is 6, 01720. On the East side of this district the famous and most popular city Ludhiana is situated and on the South side Ropar is situated. Sutlej River is a natural

96 boundary of this side. Phillaur Tehsil of district Jalandhar, Tehsil Garhshanker of district Hoshiarpur, Tehsil Anandpur Sahib of district Ropar are touching the boundary of this district. 4.8 PRESENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF POLICE According to article 246 of the Indian Constitution and section 3 of the IPA, the police personnel is a state subject and not dealt with at central level. Each state government has the responsibility to draw guidelines, rules and regulations for its police personnel. These regulations are published in the state police manuals 3. The organizational structure of police forces in India is uniformly in all the states throughout the country. The broad set up of police organization in a state. State police works under the overall control of State Government (CHRI, 2005) 3.The top level of the police force in a state is the Director General of Police DGP). DGP is fully responsible to the state government for the administration of the police force in the state and for advising and guiding the government on all the matters of police. It is further divided into several zones, ranges and districts. The Superintendent of Police (SP) heads the district police force. A range is formed by group of districts, which is looked after by the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIGP). DIGP guides, advices and command the SP through constant supervision and inspections. Some states have zones comprising two or more ranges. Zones are the areas which are controlled by an officer of the rank of an Inspector General of Police (IGP).The districts are further divided into sub-divisions, circles and police stations. A sub-division is under the charge of an officer of the rank of Addl. or Deputy Superintendent of police (ASP/ Dy. SP). Every sub-division is again divided into a 3 Commonwealth of Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) (2005) Human Rights and Policing: Landmark Supreme Court Directives and National Human Rights Commission Guidelines, New Delhi.

97 number of police stations, depending on its area, population and prevalence of crime. The police station is headed by the station in charge of the rank of Inspector/Sub-Inspector. Each police station is divided into a number of beats assigned for patrolling, collection of intelligence and surveillance. Sub Inspector is the incharge of Police beats. Head Constables and Constables form lower level of police hierarchy. Between the police station and the sub-division, there are police circles which are divided between police station and the sub division in some states. The head of the police circle is an Inspector of Police, District Police is divided into two major branches of police force i.e. the Armed Police and the Civil Police. The primary function of the civil force is to control crime, while the primary function of armed police is to deal with law and order situation. Armed police is the reserve police of the district. This force is kept reserved to meet any emergency situation (CHRI, 2005) 4. Therefore, these two branches constitute the most visible part of the Police force. Apart from the armed and civil force,there are many other departments in the police force like detective police, traffic police, revenue police, mounted police, fire police, and technical branches like prosecution branch, radio branch and intelligence police. 4.9 THE STATISTICAL PROFILE OF PUNJAB POLICE In order to obtain a comprehensive structural, organizational and operational view of the Punjab Police, the following data pertaining to the various above aspects is presented for working out a statistical profile of the Punjab Police. The details of basic data on Punjab police as shown in table no 4.8 4 Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (n.d.) Police Reforms: India Police Structure and Organisation (electronic source) retrieved August 18, 2006 from and Report of the Review Committee on the Recommendations of National Police Commission & Other Commissions/Committees on Police Reform (March 2005).

98 TABLE 4.8: BASIC DATA ON PUNJAB POLICE - AS ON 1.1.2013 S.No Particulars Punjab 1 Area (Square Kms.) 50,362 2 Projected Population (Ist October - 2012) in Thousands 28,160 3 Sanctioned Strength of Civil Police including 59,782 Distt.Armed Reserve Police 4 Actual Strength of Civil Police including Distt. Armed 45,416 Reserve Police 5 Sanctioned Strength of State Armed Police 19696 6 Actual Strength of State Armed Police 16710 7 Actual Strength of Women Police 4,844 8 Sanctioned Strength of Total State Police Force as 79478 on 1.1.2013 9 Actual Strength of Total State Police Force as on 62126 1.1.2013 10 Population per Policeman (i) Sanctioned Police Strength 354 (ii) Actual Police Strength 455 11 Policemen per lakh of Population (Police-Population-Ratio) Civil Police (i) Sanctioned Police Strength 212.3 (ii) Actual Police Strength 161.28 Total Police (i) Sanctioned Police Strength 282.24 (ii) Actual Police Strength 220.62 12 Policemen per 100 Sq. Kms. Area (Police-Area-Ratio) Civil Police (i) Sanctioned Police Strength 118.70 (ii) Actual Police Strength 90.2 Total Police (i) Sanctioned Police Strength 157.81 (ii) Actual Police Strength 123.36 13 Number of Police Zones 4 14 Number of Police Ranges 7 15 Number of Police Districts 24 16 Number of Police Sub-Divisions 118 17 Number of Police Circles 0 18 Number of Police Stations 381 19 Number of Police Out-Posts 154 20 Number of State Armed Police Battalions 20 Source: Data on Police Organizations as on 1.1.2013, Published by BPR&D

99 4.10 STRUCTURAL PARADIGM AND RANK STRUCTURE OF POLICE ORGANIZATION In India, police units are well-structured hierarchical organizations. However, there is a general uniformity in most of the police organizations. The pictorial representation of the rank wise hierarchical structure of the police force as shown in figure no.4.3 FIGURE 4.3: THE FIELD ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POLICE FORCE Director General of Police (DGP) {In-charge of the State Police Force} Additional Director General of Police (Addl. DGP) Inspector General of Police (IGP) {In-charge of a zone, which comprises few ranges} Deputy Inspector General of Police (Dy. IGP) {In-charge of a range, which comprises a group of districts} Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) {In-charge of the bigger District} Superintendent of police (SP) {In-charge of the District} Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP) Assistant/ Deputy Superintendent of Police (ASP/ Dy. SP) {In-charge of a Subdivision in the district} Inspector of Police {In-charge of a Police Station} Sub-Inspector of Police (SI) {In-charge of a smaller Police Station}

100 Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police (ASI) {Staff of the Police Station} Police Head Constable (HC) {Staff of the Police Station} Source: CHRI, 2005 Police Constable {Staff of Police Station} 4.11 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE POLICE The Punjab Police Act, 2007 5 laid down social responsibilities for every police officer as follows: 1. Extend due courtesy while dealing with public; 2. Guide, advise and assist people especially to those who need help and protection; 3. Provide all possible assistance to victims of crime and give every kind of help to the road accidents, and in particular, make efforts that they receive timely medical aid; 4. Render assistance to the public, particularly women, children, and the poor people, against criminal exploitation by any other person or organized group of persons; 5. Arrange for legally permissible assistance and shelter to every person who is in custody, provisions of legal aid schemes, available from the Government and also inform the authorities; 6. Actively and efficiently work towards checking the social evils of drugs and female feticide. 7. Be impartial and respectful for human rights, with special attention to weaker sections, while dealing with situations of disputes; and 8. Prevent harassment of women and children at public places. 5 The Punjab Police Act, 2007 (2008) Act No. 10, Department of Legal and Legislative Affairs, Punjab.

101 4.12 STATE POLICE FORMATIONS In India, State Police Organizations are structurally organized into various formations. The structural formation of any State Police follows: 1. Police Headquarter 2. Police Zones 3. Police Divisions 4. Police Districts 5. Police Sub-division 6. Police Stations 6. Police Outposts 4.12.1 POLICE STATION Police Stations symbolize the presence of police organization in the society. Police Station being an approachable point and frequently visiting place by people which plays a very vital and significant role in providing safety, security, relief, help and assistance to them in need. Additionally, this also a proper place for police work, people interaction, record keeping and storing the government and other type of properties. Thereby, contributing in a big way in building positive image of police along with creating positive, cordial and reciprocal police community relations, which happen to be so essential for effective and efficient police functioning. In other way, the Police Station building should be a very comfortable and convenient visiting place for the people in the community, and should also be a safe house for the police men to safe guard them from the attacks by terrorists, extremists, anti-social elements and criminals while being a safe place for the persons in

102 police custody and also for keeping various police weapons and equipment, record and properties in a safe manner. 4.12.2 POLICE POST The police post is the last field formation unit of the police department in police organisation. Police outposts are often non investigative units and their primary purpose is to function as watch and ward, patrolling and surveillance units of the police station. A police outpost is placed under the charge of an officer of the rank of SI/ASI/HC looking to the area of its coverage, policing importance, law and order situation of the area. 4.13 POLICE STRENGTH In India, police is classified into civil police and armed police. Against a sanctioned strength of 21.24 lakh of total police force (both civil and armed), 25.42 % deficiency (vacancy) remained in the actual force which comprised of 15.85 lakh police personnel (Bureau of Police Research & Development, 2012).State wise police population ratio per lakh of population for the sanctioned as well as the actual police strength. Details are given in the table 4.9. The basic police data gives the information on Sanctioned Strength of Civil & Armed Police, Population per Policeman i.e. Police Population Ratio, in the Punjab. Details given in the table no 4.10.Whereas table 4.11 depicts the Sanctioned & Actual Vacancy Strength with Vacancy of Total (Civil + Armed) Police Force- as on 1.1.2014

103 Table 4.9:State-Wise Police Population Ratio per lakh of population as on 1.1.2013 (Sanctioned and Actual) S. No. States / UTs Total Police per one lakh of Population Sanctioned Actual (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 Andhra Pradesh 150.38 112.85 2 Arunachal Pradesh 1010.53 876.17 3 Assam 200.03 177.73 4 Bihar 88.1 68.81 5 Chhattisgarh 268.92 184.5 6 Goa 385.38 288.14 7 Gujarat 188.15 113.16 8 Haryana 236.33 150.35 9 Himachal Pradesh 249.31 208.05 10 Jammu & Kashmir 654.69 606.43 11 Jharkhand 229.05 178.36 12 Karnataka 150.98 117.41 13 Kerala 150.86 142.39 14 Madhya Pradesh 122.19 104.92 15 Maharashtra 181.99 170.01 16 Manipur 1279.63 982.32 17 Meghalaya 492.36 423.98 18 Mizoram 1099.32 999.12 19 Nagaland 1060.35 1057.99 20 Odisha 137.58 109.81 21 Punjab 282.24 220.62 22 Rajasthan 134.45 124.67 23 Sikkim 973.72 634.6 24 Tamil Nadu 168.97 138.62 25 Tripura 742.3 645.04 26 Uttar Pradesh 178.48 81.01 27 Uttarakhand 198.61 175.35 28 West Bengal 120.4 77.76 29 A&N Islands 860.58 732.23 30 Chandigarh 507.94 459.29 31 D & N Haveli 86.32 71.32 32 Daman & Diu 141.87 85.12 33 Delhi 420.49 391.33 34 Lakshadweep 453.25 358.44 35 Puducherry 265.7 177.34 All India Total 181.47 136.42 Source: (Bureau of Police Research & Development, 2013)

104 Table 4.10: Sanctioned and Actual Police -Population and Area Ratio as on 1.4.2014 State Civil Police par lakh of Total Police per lakh of Civil police per 100 Sq. Total police per 100 sq. population population Km. of Area Km. of Area Sanctioned Actual Sanctioned Actual Sanctioned Actual Sanctioned Actual Punjab 214.20 201.18 281.38 259.62 121.02 113.67 158.98 146.68 Source: BPR&D Table 4.11: Sanctioned & Actual Vacancy Strength with Vacancy of Total (Civil + Armed) Police Force- as on 1.1.2014 State AIGP/SSP/SP Addl. SP/Dy. COMN ASP/ DY. SP Punjab Sanctioned Actual Vacancy Sanctioned Actual Vacancy Sanctioned Actual Vacancy 226 206 20 0 0 0 450 373 77 Inspector 1092 1,007 85 2861 2,561 300 5034 4,831 203 H. CONSTABLE CONSTABLE TOTAL 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Note: In vacancy columns, the States where the Rank wise Police Personnel are surplus is taken as 0. Source: BPR&D S.I. A.S.I The above analysis shows the data of police personnel on Sanctioned Strength of Civil & Armed Police, Population per Policeman i.e. Police Population Ratio, in the Punjab.