REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND CRANE BRINTON S ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION Brinton s Thesis: Revolutions follow a pattern encompassed by five distinct phases, which usually occur in sequential order CRANE BRINTON S ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION Rising Fever Control of the Extremists Forceful minority overthrows the moderates Reign of Terror Inexperienced Govt uses violence to exert control Purges commonplace Civil or foreign war Sharp economic and class conflict Revolutions occur where the greatest amount of freedom exists Developing Symptoms Rule of the Moderates Breakdown of Govt Control Discontented MC, largely economic Inefficient Govt, weak ruler Govt (not society) faces a financial crisis, faces bankruptcy in a prosperous society Class conflict sharper the nearer classes are on social scale Desertion of intellectuals, radical ideas Convalescence Re-est d single leader/ strong man rule Pressures relaxed, amnesty granted More attention to religion/ideology Worst of old system ended Shift in power and property structure New ideas emerge
Parliament & the Differences b/t England & Continent? as King (r. 1603-25) Trew Law of Free Monarchy medieval character tunnage & poundage Why is Parliament a force with which to be reckoned? Concentrated opposition Few class antagonisms HofL = secular, church not separate force vs. Parliament (r. 1625-49) Views on taxation Habeas Corpus Taxes = consent No martial law in peacetime No billeting among civilians Ship money Scottish rebellion (1637) Long Parliament (1640-60) Irish Revolt (1641) What happens when the govt is in crisis and can t pay it s bills? Lines are drawn, 1642-49 Royalists ( ) Anti-Royalists ( ) Emergence of Rise to power = Rump Parliament (1648-49) 500-150 - 50 Charles I s fate (Jan 1649)
Questions from the video: What made the regicide of Charles I different? What was Thomas Hobbes response? What was Cromwell s vision of what the government should be? What was the effectiveness of Royalist propaganda? Who was John Milton and what was his role? What was the effect of Cromwell and Milton s message to the people? Interregnum ( between the kings ) Religious toleration, except... Responses: Levellers Society of Friends Diggers, other radicals Post-1653 = Military Dictatorship (11 Gens) 1649: THE ROYALL OAKE OF BRITTAYNE
RESTORATION TO REVOLUTION (r. 1660-85) of 1673 - Must be Anglican Cabal King s advisors w/ Parliament Agreement w/ Louis XIV (r. 1685-88) Violation of Test Act Catholic dynasty William & Mary of Orange RESTORATION TO REVOLUTION Parliament makes laws Law not suspended by Crown Parliament called every 3 yrs. Elections/Debate no interference by Crown No standing army (peacetime) No Catholics w/ firearms Parliament = Protestant Thomas Hobbes Leviathan (1651) vs. John Locke s Two Treatises of Government (1690) NATURE OF HUMANS AND GOVT Jacques Bousset Divine Right Monarchy Absolutism Thomas Hobbes Philosophical Absolutism John Locke Philosophical and Biblical Constitutionali sm
CRANE BRINTON S ANATOMY OF A REVOLUTION Rising Fever Control of the Extremists Forceful minority overthrows the moderates Reign of Terror Inexperienced Govt uses violence to exert control Purges commonplace Civil or foreign war Sharp economic and class conflict Revolutions occur where the greatest amount of freedom exists Developing Symptoms Rule of the Moderates Breakdown of Govt Control Discontented MC, largely economic Inefficient Govt, weak ruler Govt (not society) faces a financial crisis, faces bankruptcy in a prosperous society Class conflict sharper the nearer classes are on social scale Desertion of intellectuals, radical ideas Convalescence Re-est d single leader/ strong man rule Pressures relaxed, amnesty granted More attention to religion/ideology Worst of old system ended Shift in power and property structure New ideas emerge Crane Brinton s Theory of a Revolution The English Civil War (1642-1649) and Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) CRISIS / REIGN OF TERROR 1.1648 -- Cromwell takes Power 2.1648-49 -- Pride s Purge = Rump Parliament 3.Jan 1649 -- Regicide (Charles I) 4.1653-58 -- Interregnum (Military Dictatorship, English Republic) RISING FEVER 1.1629-1640 -- No Parliament (Charles I) 2.Illegal ship tax 3.1637 -- Scots Revolt 4.1640-1660 -- Long Parliament 5.1641 -- Irish Revolt 6.1642-1649 -- Civil War, Cavaliers vs. Roundheads, Moderates overthrown CONVALESCENCE 1.1660 -- Restoration of Monarchy (Charles II) (a)1673 -- Test Act (Must be Anglican) (b) CABAL = communication w/ Parliament 2.1685-1688 -- James II (a)test Act violated (b) Catholic Dynasty 3.1688 -- Glorious Revolution, William and Mary of Orange take the throne bloodlessly SYMPTOMS 1. 1603 -- James I (DRM) 2.Gentry (MC) --> House of Commons 3.Parliamentary Opposition (Taxes/$) to Charles I 4.1628 -- Parliament s Petition of Right Stuart Dynasty (plus evil Cromwell) 1.James I (1603-1625) 2.Charles (1625-1649) 3.Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) 4.Charles II (1660-1685) 5.James II (1685-1688) RESTORATION 1.1689 -- Parliament and Monarchy sign Bill of Rights guaranteeing checks and balances