AP European History Chapter 25: The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914 Name: Period: Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 25. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes. I. Napoleon III in France Provide 19 th -century definitions for the following political terms: Conservative Liberal Radical a. The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon List the four reasons that Louis Napoleon gained three times as many votes as the other presidential candidates in 1848? 1. 2. 3. 4. How did Louis Napoleon envision the role of the government in serving the people?
How did President Louis Napoleon seize power in 1851? How did he justify this change in the following years? b. Napoleon III s Second Empire Where did Napoleon s greatest successes come? Provide examples: Where did Napoleon s failures occur? Provide examples: How did Napoleon III progressively liberalize France through the 1860s?
II. Nation Building in Italy and Germany a. Italy to 1850 Describe the divisions within Italy prior to 1850: What was the unification program of Giuseppe Mazzini, and why did it fail? Why did the leadership of Piedmont-Sardinia seem ideally suited to lead Italy towards national unification? Why did the papacy oppose Italian unification? What was the Syllabus of Errors?
Goals b. Cavour and Garibaldi in Italy Count Camillo Benso di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Methods Describe the government of the new Kingdom of Italy:
What does this 1860 cartoon illustrate? Who are the individuals pictures, and what were their roles? "Right Leg in the Boot at Last" c. Germany Before Bismarck Why would Austria, Russia and France all oppose a unified German nation? What was the Zollverien? How did it help move Germany towards unification? Why did the middle-class pose a major impediment to the reforms proposed by William I of Prussia?
d. Bismarck and the Austro-Prussian War, 1866 List the significant characteristics of Otto von Bismarck that helped to shape his political decisions: Date Event Result/Impact on German Unification 1862 1864 1866 What did Bismarck mean when he said The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions that was the blunder of 1848 and 1849 but by blood and iron?
e. The Taming of Parliament - Describe the federal constitution that Bismarck created for the new North German Confederation: Each State: King of Prussia: Chancellor: Federal government: Legislature: Delegates to the upper house: Members of the lower house: Ultimately, power rested: What happened to the liberal middle-class that had agitated against conservative rule? f. The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871 Purpose Results for Germany Results for France
III. The Modernization of Russia Why did the leaders of Russia seek to limit the development of national self-determination in the mid 19 th century? a. The Great Reforms What was a serf and what was life like for a serf? What happened in 1861, and how did it impact the former serfs? How did defeat in the Crimean War (1853-1856) lead to the modernization of Russia? Did the creation of the zemstvo modernize the Russian political system?
b. The Industrialization of Russia How did the railroads help to transform Russia? What does it mean that Russia used the West to catch up with the West? c. The Revolution of 1905 How did defeat in the Russo-Japanese War result in the revolution of 1905? What did the October Manifesto do? What was the Duma?
IV. The Responsive National State, 1871-1914 Why did the majority of people feel loyal to the nation-state by the end of the 19 th century? What were some of the negative consequences to the growing public support for the nation-state? a. The German Empire How did Otto von Bismarck deal with the challenges posed by the following opposition groups: The Catholic Church Socialism
To what event does the cartoon to the left refer? What impact did this have on Germany? b. Republican France What was the Paris Commune? Why did the Third Republic put such an emphasis upon free public education? What happened? The Dreyfus Affair Results
c. Great Britain and Ireland Describe the achievements of the following leaders/political parties: Benjamin Disraeli & the Conservatives David Lloyd George/William Gladstone & the Liberals Explain Irish home-rule, and the challenges to it: d. The Austro-Hungarian Empire What was the result of defeat by Prussia in 1866? How did emerging nationalism impact the Austrian Empire?
e. Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism Why was 1871 a milestone in the efforts for Jewish emancipation? How did modern anti-semites attack European Jews after 1873? Where was anti-semitism most popular? What was Zionism?
V. Marxism and the Socialist Movement a. The Socialist International Describe the growth of socialism in Europe between 1880-1912: b. Unions and Revisionism Compare the ideologies of the two socialist trends: Scientific Socialism Revisionist Socialism Why were industrial workers becoming more moderate in terms of their demands? That is, why did they demand gains, but were less likely to take to the barricades in pursuit of them?
Why, if Germany was the most industrialized, socialized and unionized continental country by 1914 did the German socialists embrace Revisionism? Edward Bernstein Evolutionary Socialism (1899) argued that:
VI. The Document-Based Question (DBQ) a. Please read the Introduction on page A-2 (at the end of the textbook). Keep that in mind as you examine the documents on page A-18-A-21. DBQ 9: Ideologies and Nationalism Question: Discuss the concepts that become the foundations of aggressive nationalism during the period 1815-1914. Document Summary Document 1: Delacroix, Massacre at Chios Document 2: Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species Document 3: Friedrich Fabri, Bedarf Deutschland der Kolonien? Document 4: Theodore Herzl, Der Judenstaat Document 5: Maps of the unified Italian and German states Point of View Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses the above question:
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions 1. Analyze the similarities and differences in the methods used by Cavour and Bismarck to bring about the unification of Italy and of Germany, respectively. 2. Contrast the impact of nationalism in Germany and the Austrian Empire from 1848 to 1914. 3. Describe and analyze responses to industrialization by the working class between 1850 and 1914. 4. Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815-1848) and Bismarck (1862-1890).