Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Rehabilitation, Upgradation and Strengthening of Nuapada-Bango Munda Section of NH-217 in the State of 1.1 Project Background TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IPP623v6 The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRT&H), Government of India has decided for rehabilitation and upgradation of the existing National Highway No 217 from Nuapada to Bangomunda section (from km 90.000 to km 158.000) to 2-lane/ 2- lane with paved shoulders configuration in the State of. A total of 33 project roads with approx total length of 3927.675 kms have been selected by MoRT&H for improvements. They have been grouped grouped under A, B, C and D. Of these Project roads covered under Phase I of NHIIP are located in Bihar,, Karnataka, Rajasthan, and West Bengal and are likely to be implemented with the World Bank (WB) assistance. In order to fulfill the above task, MoRT&H has appointed M/s SPAN Consultant Pvt. Ltd. (now SNC-Lavalin Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd) for the preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rehabilitation and Upgrading to 2-lane/ 2 -lane with paved shoulders configuration for this section of the National Highway in the State of. 1.2 Project Road Description (SP/D/7) National Highway No. 217 takes off from NH-6 and ends at NH-201. The project road section is a part of NH-217 starting from Km 90.000 (about 10 kms from Nuapada) and ending at Km 158.000 (6 Kms short of Bango Munda) falling in the state of. The length of the project road section is 68 kms. The project road section passes through rolling & plain terrain. Index map of the project road is at Figure 1.1. C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-1
Figure 1.1: Index Map The National Highway No. 217 has been renumbered and consequently the earlier project sections falling under NH 217 have been reorganized. New NH number & chainage along with old NH No. and Chainage are presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: New NH Numbers & Chainages Old NH Chainage New Chainage Length (km) No. (km) NH No. (km) 217 90.000 to 353 90.000 to 55.630 145.630 145.630 217 145.630 to 158.000 59 0.000 to 12.370 12.370 1.3 Tribal Scenario in the Project Area has large tribal population, who are at various stages of socio-economic development. At one extreme are the groups which lead a relatively secluded and archaic mode of life keeping their core culture intact, while at the other extreme there are communities which are indistinguishable from the general agricultural communities. The tribal people express their cultural identity and distinctiveness in their social organization, language, rituals and festivals and also in their dress, ornaments, art and craft 1. Overall, the state of ranks third in 1 The tribes of though belong to three linguistic divisions, yet they have lots of socio-cultural similarities between them. These commonalities signify homogeneity of their cultures and together they characterize the notion or concept of tribalism. Tribal societies share certain common characteristics and by these they are distinguished from complex or advanced societies. C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-2
terms of tribal population in India. They constituted 10.84% of the total tribal population of India as per 2001 census. houses 62 types of tribes, of which 13 are primitive. The State has one of the richest diverse tribal populations in the country. Sizable agglomeration of tribal population in has moved to mining, industrial and urban areas for earning a secured living through wage-labour. During the past three decades the process of industrial urbanization in the tribal belt of has been accelerated through the operation of mines and establishment of industries. Mostly persons from advanced tribal communities, such as Santal, Munda, Ho, Oraon, Kisan, Gond etc. have taken to this economic pursuit in order to relieve pressure from their limited land and other resources. The project road does not pass through any notified schedule area of the State. However, there is Tribal population along the project road at Nuapada and Bolangir districts. Census Survey of likely to be affected due to project interventions identifies 7 schedule tribes families along the project road. These seven households are scattered at the five locations of Banjhibal, Bilenjor, Sanmaheshwar, Rajakhariar and Junani villages. All of these impacted households are non-titleholders. Further details on socio-economic characteristics and impacts on these ST families are given below (Tribal specific impact information is also provided in detail in chapter 4, Resettlement Action Plan). 1.4 Methodology used to Assess Tribal Issues Structured questionnaires, open-ended formats, group discussion during preparation of Village Diary etc were used to assess the impact. The data collected through socio-economic survey and census survey was another source of information for social assessment of tribes. Consultation Methodology: consultations was carried out with the likely affected tribal population in a culturally appropriate manner using local languages where needed. It took place in different modes one on one interaction during household survey and group meetings along with other PAPs. Most of the village level consultations were carried out during the social screening and detailed Social Impact assessment between December 2010 to December 2011 and these were in addition to the focus group discussions and interviews with individual ST affected families. All of these consultations were free, prior, and informed to the affected tribal people. As needed, specific consultations were conducted among the women members. A total of 16 consultations were organized during the project preparation stages (Refer Table 5.3, 5.4). There was woman representation in all these meetings and their concerns raised have been documented. Relevant documents of Public consultation are attached as annexure 5.1 and 5.2. The census surveys and consultation with specific groups including tribal along the project stretches identified some critical tribal issues that need to be addressed under the project. Constitution of India has provided base for the government to formulate special programs for the development of these vulnerable groups. Typically, vulnerability is relatively high among Scheduled tribes/indigenous people. Dislocation and loss of livelihood caused by road widening and development may further aggravate the disadvantaged situation unless special attention is paid to them. In this connection an assessment of impacts specifically on Scheduled Tribes (ST) has been done during the social assessment. This chapter discusses C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-3
the issues/impacts likely to be caused due to proposed project interventions and actions necessary to mitigate the impact. 1.5 Project Affected Tribal Populations and their Socio-Economic Status The average household size of the tribal population in the area is 4.6 which is not very different from 4.8 average HH size of the PIA. As the table 8.1 shows, the total of 7 tribal families (with 32 PAPs) will be affected by the project. Table 8.1: Village wise Tribal Project Affected Households S. No. Village Name ST Families PAPs Household Size 1 Banjibahal 1 3 N/A 2 Bilenjor 1 6 4.1 3 Sanmaheswar 1 2 4.9 4 Rajakhariar 3 15 4.7 5 Junani 1 6 4.9 Total 7 32 Marital Status: As per socio-economic survey, 16 (50.00%) tribals are married while 13 (42.63%) persons are unmarried. Marital status of tribal population is mentioned in Table 8.2. Table 8.2: Details of Marital status S. No Marital Status of PAPs Number % 1 Married 16 50 2 Unmarried 13 42.63 3 Widowed 3 9.37 Total 32 100 Education Status: Majority (=43.75%) of the project affected tribals have secondary level education. However, it is important to note that nearly 22% (n=7) of them are illiterate. Table 8.3: Literacy Level No Literacy Level Number % 1 Illiterate 7 21.88 2 Primary Schooling 5 15.63 3 Upper Primary 2 6.25 C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-4
Schooling 4 Secondary 14 43.75 5 Graduate 4 12.5 Total 32 100 Age Structure: The maximum number (78.13%) of tribal PAPs are in productive age group of 19-55 years. Details are as follows: Table 8.4: Age Structure of PAPs S. No Age Group (Years) Male Female Total Age Group in % 1 19-25 6 5 11 34.38 2 26-35 5 3 8 25 3 36-55 3 3 6 18.75 4 56 to above 3 4 7 21.88 Total 17 15 32 100 Employment and Occupation Status: Out of 32 tribal PAPs, only 15 (=47%) are employed. Out of 15, only two (i.e. 13%) of them are salaried people. Majority of the employed people are actually self-employed in their small businesses such as petty shops, tea kiosks etc. Among the employed ones, one is daily wage earner and one agriculture laborer (see Table 8.5A & 8.5B). Table 8.5A: Employment Status of PAPs S. No Employment Status Number % 1 Employed 15 46.88 2 Unemployed 17 53.12 Total 32 100 Table 8.5B: Occupational Pattern of PAPs S. No Occupational Pattern Number % 1 Agricultural Laborer 1 6.67 2 Daily Wage Earner 1 6.67 3 Salaried 2 13.33 4 Business 11 73.33 Total 15 100 C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-5
Language and Culture: The language spoken by the affected tribal households is Oriya which is similar to the general population along the project road. No unique socio-cultural practices were reported during the one to one interviews. Income: The income level of the entire area is low compared to other parts of the state and the. Income detail of the households is as below: Table 8.6: Income Status of Employed Tribal PAPs S. No Income Level Number % 1 Below Rs. 2000 4 26.67 2 Rs. 2000-3000 4 26.67 3 Rs.3000 4000 1 6.67 4 Above 4000 6 40 Total 15 100 However, the area itself has been identified as one of the most backward areas of the state and has a special program called Biju KBK (Kalahandi Bolangir Korapot). These state and national funded programs which are currently being implemented in the area are listed in detail in Chapter 3. 1.6 Potential on Tribal Population The impact on Tribal population in the project area is limited. Also this project area does not fall under the schedule V area (See letter from ST and SC Development Department, Government of Odisha attached as Annexure 2.2). 1.7 Impact on Structures There is no land acquisition envisaged under the project. The impacts are on semipermanent structures and movable kiosks (Temporary structures). These structures are non titleholders. Since there will be only partial impacts in these structures, these people can continue operating from their existing structures and also earned their livelihoods without much disruption and hence do not require relocation.. Table 8.7: Types of Impacted Structures S. No Category of Structure Number Status of Ownership % 1 Temporary 5 Squatters 71.43 2 Semi-Permanent 1 Encroacher 14.29 3 Permanent 1 Encroacher 14.29 Total 7 100 Concerns raised by tribal population along the project road: Since the affected tribal families were few and scattered, their views were recorded through one to one interviews C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-6
and village level meetings. The concerns raised were no different from the concerns raised by the general community. Table 5.2 and Table 5.3 in Chapter 5 systematically present the concerns shared by the affected tribals and other project affected along with the mitigation measures suggested during consultations. 1.8 Impact Mitigation Measures The objective of the Tribal Development Framework in the RPF is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness and so that they: (a) receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits; and (b) do not suffer adverse effects during the development process. Mitigation measures proposed below are in line with the objectives of this framework. 1.8.1 R&R Assistances R&R assistances would be provided for the identified impacts on structures to the PAPs. Additional provisions for i..e non-paps are: i) The affected CPRs shall be relocated or restored in consultation with the community in compliance with the RPF. ii) Additional/ new community facility(ies) will be provided in certain habitations along the project road as value addition to the project. Details of these community welfare facilities/works are given below: i. Criteria: The criteria for selection and implementation of works would be as follows: i. Habitations which have high percentage (> 50%) of SC & ST population would be selected for providing community facility/works; and ; ii. Community works shall be those that strictly benefit the larger section of the village rather than an individual or a small group/section of individuals iii. The activity should not be already covered under some existing government scheme; iv. An indicative list of works are: 1. Provision of boundary wall for education and health facilities, community building, religious structure; 2. Provision of furniture for school and health facilities 3. Provision of shelter for bus stand; 4. Hand pumps or repair to hand pumps; 5. Repair of dug-well, other village community infrastructure; and 6. Platform for meeting place of village community or women 7. Repair works, leveling, etc. of internal paths ii. Process: In selected habitations implementation support agency shall hold consultations with community /villagers to ascertain the need and benefit of any community good.the villagers will decide as to what type of community facility is needed in their habitation unanimously. A resolution in this regard will be passed by the villagers following the official procedure which will then be submitted to the Project Authority. The resolution shall contain details i. on the nature and type of community work requested; ii. the likely benefit accrued; C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-7
iii. an approximate number of persons who shall benefit from it; iv. consensus reached amongst the village community members on the activity; and v. Post Construction management measures by the community vi. finally a statement of proposed support and cooperation for the activity with signatures (or thumb-impressions) of the participants The RAP Implementation Support Agency shall support in documentation of the minutes of the meeting and preparation of the resolution and forward the same to the RRO. The RRO will verify the activity and confirm that all pre-set criteria for such works have been met. Upon approval of RRO and Sub-project level agency, the RAP Implementation Support Agency shall prepare a micro-plan for submission to RRO who shall forward it to SPIU with appropriate justification. The SPIU shall forward the same for approval of MoRTH. MoRTH will review the micro plan that contains the following details: i. Planned community welfare work (s) ii. Location and population of the village, iii. Cost of the activity iv. Intended and likely benefit v. Procurement plan for materials vi. Likely duration for execution of the work(s) vii. Number of labor required viii. Details of Minutes of meeting and resolution passed by the village, ix. Design required, if any iii. Implementation: Upon approval and sanction of the requisite amount by MoRTH, Sub-project level agency through RRO and RAP Implementation Support Agency will i. get the design prepared, in case it is required ii. hold consultations with the community/villagers with the designin presence of the RRO to ensure that modifications or changes suggested by the community/villagers are heard and incorporated. iii. The Project Authority will then issue a purchase order for purchase of necessary materials and goods iv. The RAP Implementation Support Agency shall periodically update the RRO on the progress of the works. v. Upon completion, it shall prepare a Work Completion Report with details of the activity final actual cost, working condition of the community asset along with photographs; vi. RRO shall visit the site for verification and ensure handing over of the asset to the community prior to approval of the report vii. Upon verification by the RRO and handover of the community work, the RRO shall submit his report to SPIU and MoRTH Monitoring will be done by the Sub-project Agency while the evaluation of the community works shall be undertaken during the end-term evaluation by the agency contracted by MoRTH C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-8
For undertaking community works a sum of Rs. 20 lakhs has been provisioned in the Bills of Quantities of the civil works contractor. 1.8.2 Other Possible (Direct and Indirect) to Tribal Populations and Management/ Mitigation Measures Based on the consultations with the community along the project road, other direct and indirect impacts envisaged during construction are listed in table below. Preferential treatment of Tribal and other vulnerable groups has been recommended as part of mitigation measures. Phase Likely Direct Likely Indirect Project Demand for labor Frustration of Execution Local people not being included in the construction activities Likely Management/Mitigation Measures Advise the contractors about the criteria for selecting workers, prioritizing the people in the Project Area as long as they meet the technical requirements. Give preference to the vulnerable especially the tribal population. Increase in the expectations of local population and stakeholders. Inform the community in the Project Area about the job vacancies, identifying the number of available positions and the application requirements. This information will be displayed by the offices of the implementing Agency, as well as the contractor s site office. Preference will be given to Tribals and other vulnerable population. The executing agency or their contractors will train the local workers including tribal in the application of environmental, safety, and occupational health provisions, as well as in the knowledge and mandatory compliance of the Workers Code of Conduct Contractor to design and implement a Temporary Hiring Program for the local population that will anticipate the demand of skilled and unskilled work force, the time the employment will last and the requirements the applicant will have to meet to be accepted. Needs of the Tribal population will have to be specially been addressed. Inform local stakeholders, through local and regional communication media on the location of his offices where they may learn about job opportunities for laborers and the priorities that will be given to local workers. The Tribal welfare officer and the Implementation Support Agencymay also be involved for increased participation and C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-9
Phase Likely Direct Generation of jobs, as well as an increased demand for goods and services (raw materials, equipment rental, food supply, accommodations, etc.) during construction of the road The possible arrival of foreign workers in the area (Foreign referring to workers who are not residents/locals of the area) Risk of traffic accidents Likely Indirect Migration to the project area in order to seek employment Increased level of income in the Project area Stimulation local economy of Conflicts and quarrels between suppliers and contractors Interaction between the Project workers and the women from local populations Traffic accidents caused by dumping construction material on the site Likely Management/Mitigation Measures information dissemination. To decrease and control the flow of population or people seeking employment in the Project area. It must be made clear through the mass media that priority will be given to the people who live in the Project area and especially the vulnerable including ST. The PIU will consider mechanisms to allow purchasing local products, as long as the local market prices remain competitive and are not affected by the company's interest. If there are any material being sold by a Tribal trader he may be given preference over others Offer training to local economic agencies for the development of small and micro enterprises. Training programmes with Tribals will be organized. Implement a sales system to determine the best offer regarding competitive products and services. The grievance redressal committee shall have representation from Tribal Welfare Department. In other words, implement a sales system designed to locate goods and services at competitive prices, good quality and in amounts required. Wide diffusion of the Project Workers Code of Conduct and the establishment of sanctions for offenders specially for tribal population All workers and subcontractors must be subject to a Social Code of Conduct. Documentation and diffusion of training and educational programs Provide training for the project working force (contractors and subcontractors) on the Security and Health Plan Sensitization programme on safety issues for end users and specifically for tribal population. Erect traffic signals in the critical areas of the Project. Provide informative talks for the local population on security measures to reduce risk of accidents. Establish and inform drivers of the speed limits C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-10
Phase Likely Direct Likely Indirect Likely Management/Mitigation Measures Ensure that contractors and subcontractors implement measures to reduce or avoid potential accidents that may affect the population in the area and the Project workers themselves. Provide speed breakers near habitations, schools and market places etc of tribal population Hire and train security personnel devoted exclusively to preventing accidents in the access road and controlling the speed of the vehicles transporting construction material. 1.9 Consultation and Participation As presented, the project does have some minor negative impacts to tribal populations, which are easily manageable. The tribals have extended their support to the project given that the potential negative impacts and risks are properly mitigated or managed, as outlined in this chapter. It is also highly recommended that the tribals are regularly consulted at different stages of project implementation. All communication and information dissemination in the project area shall be done in the culturally appropriate way. The details are provided in the consultation and participation Framework in chapter 5 of Resettlement Action Plan. 1.10 Implementation Arrangements The qualification criteria to invite Implementation Support Agency includes prior experience of working in the project region/area during last 3 years for a minimum period of 3 months. Knowledge of local language is a necessary qualification for key professionals. Knowledge of local language and experience of working in the region desired. This is to ensure that the Implementation Support Agency team is sensitive to the language, socio cultural profile and practices of the project area, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. 1.11 Budget In addition to R&R implementation cost, an amount for undertaking community works has been provisioned in the Bills of Quantities to be executed through the civil contracts. For details see Resettlement Action Plan) C:\re\000356161_20130321125945_D\original\IPP623v60India00Dev0Plan0Box374360B.doc 8-11