Unit 11 Part 1-Spanish American War 1
Imperialism & Expansion CH 14-1 Imperialism & War Name Reasons why the United States becomes an imperialist nation. 1-New Markets 2-Anglo-Saxonism 3-Modern Navy 4-Into the Pacific 2
New Markets Saw weaker nations as sources of raw materials Wanted to invest in capital in these nations Began creating protectorates and colonies Wanted new markets to sell goods Anglo-Saxonism Belief that English speaking people had superior character, ideas, and governments Influenced by Manifest Destiny & Social Darwinism The nation was to continue expanding and spread civilization to others Missionaries helped to spread this overseas 3
Modern Navy A better navy was needed to not get shut out of foreign markets Alfred T Mahan wrote that successful nations had a large navy to defend trade Congress authorized building a large, modern navy to compete in world Into the Pacific 1853, Matthew C Perry leads fleet to Japan to open trade Treaty of Kanagawa giving US trading rights Need of refueling stations in the Pacific 1899, Samoa is divided between US and Germany 1891, Hawaiian queen is overthrown and we annex the islands 4
A: Locate Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam on the map. Circle each. B: What happened in Cuba in 1868, and why did it fail.? C: Describe the relationship between Cuba and the United States by the 1890s. D: What occurred in 1895 and what was the outcome? E: What was the US stance towards the rebellion in Cuba? F: What is yellow journalism? G: Which newspapers engaged in this? Spanish American War-A CH 14-2 Imperialism & War Name Call for War War-Cuba War-Philippines War-A Splendid Little War 5
Call for War Yellow journalism contributed to anti-spanish feelings Pres McKinley faced jingoism in his party Feb 15, 1898, the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor Blaming Spain, McKinley asked Congress for a declaration of war War-Philippines The war is fought on two fronts, Philippines and Cuba Commodore Dewey sails navy to Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 Quickly destroys Spanish fleet and moves in to occupy islands US reinforcements on way seize Guam 6
War-Cuba Both Spanish & US armies are ill prepared for war Spanish fleet made up of old warships and untrained US army recruited volunteers but couldn t properly train or equip During war, more US troops die of food poisoning that bullets War-A Splendid Little War T Roosevelt helped lead group of volunteers called Rough Riders July 1, US troops attack Spanish at Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill Spanish fleet flees harbor and face US ships on July 3 Every Spanish vessel was destroyed and Spanish surrender 7
Spanish American War-B CH 14-2 Imperialism & War Name Annexation Debate Annexation Debate Puerto Rico Philippines Platt Amendment * * * * 8
Annexation Debate At end of war, Cuba was to be independent Spain agreed US can annex Guam and Puerto Rico Debate raged, should US now occupy lands and rule over people without their consent? One side noted the market and ports the US would gain Annexation Debate They also said it was our duty to help less civilized people Anti-imperialists argued it was not consistent for the US to rule over others Labor leaders argued it would drive down American wages Mark Twain and Jane Addams both said it violated US traditions and principles 9
Platt Amendment Conditions were attached to Cuban independence Restricted ability for Cuba to make treaties with other nations Forced to allow the US to buy or lease naval station in Cuba US can intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order 10
Puerto Rico Treaty of Paris, 1899, between US and Spain Stated that Guam and Philippines would be under US control US President would appoint their governor and executive council Today, Puerto Rico continues to be a self governing commonwealth of the US The Philippines We paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines In 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo begins to lead a revolt against US troops 1901 Aguinaldo is captured and in 1902 US declares war over Steadily gained more autonomy, given independence in 1946 11
Imperialism, Isolationism, & Diplomacy-A CH 14-3 Imperialism Name Efforts at American Diplomacy After Spanish American War 1-Open Door Policy 2-Boxer Rebellion 3-Russo-Japanese War 4-Panama Canal 12
Open Door China seen as extremely weak in late 1800s European powers demanded economic spheres of influence in China US wants in and suggests an Open Door Policy for all nations American companies were allowed to continue trade in China Boxer Rebellion Chinese nationalist organizations began to meet In 1900, the Boxers attacked foreign devils and Chinese Christian converts Embassies were attacked, killing 200 including missionaries A multi-national force was sent in to rescue foreigners and end the rebellion 13
Russo-Japanese War In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war T Roosevelt brokered the peace deal to end war in 1905 Russia had to agree to Japan s increased territories In years after, US and Japan worked closely to maintain peace in region Panama Canal US wanted a waterway that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Columbia owned the area now known as Panama and did not want to negotiate The US encouraged a Panamanian revolt against Columbia Panama won, and within days we sign treaty to build canal 14
Imperialism, Isolationism, & Diplomacy-B TR: Big Stick Diplomacy Taft: Dollar Diplomacy Wilson: Moral Diplomacy CH 14-3 Imperialism Name Roosevelt Corollary Mexican Revolution Dollar Diplomacy US Troops in Mexico 15
TR Speak softly and carry a big stick Reliance on military might to pressure international affairs Taft Belief that peace comes from economic development Support industry and lift out of poverty and disorder 16
Wilson Opposed to imperialism and believed democracy led to stability Wanted US to promote democracy and create a world free of revolution and war 17
Roosevelt Corollary An addition to the Monroe Doctrine Stated that US would intervene in Latin American affairs This would be to maintain stability in Western Hemisphere Wanted to prevent European powers from intervening in region Dollar Diplomacy Allow for easy investment and loans in Latin America Replace loans from European banks with American ones American bankers supported Nicaragua s government US troops remained there until 1933 18
Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico as a dictator for 30 years Allowed foreign businesses to own railroads and factories 1910, revolution breaks out and Francisco Madero is new leader 1913, landowners plotted, Madero was murdered, and Gen Victoriano Huerta seizes power US Troops in Mexico Wilson orders Navy to Veracruz and seizes city to stop arms Venustiano Carranza is then put in as Mexico s president Guerrilla raids into US led by Pancho Villa start, 17 killed in New Mexico Wilson sends Gen John J Pershing and troops into Mexico to capture Villa, but no success 19