What was Medieval society based on? Describe the feudal system What was the role of the Great Council? List King John s failures What did the Magna Carter aim to achieve about the King s power? When and where did the Baron s meet King John? List the demands given to King John by the Barons Was the Magna Carta a success or failure at the time? Why was the Magna Carta seen as a failure at the time?
The King could call a Great Council of the nobles and bishops to ask for advice but did not have to act on what they suggested. The King rules the country but granted land to nobles. In return, the nobles provided loyalty and service. The nobles maintained law and order in their areas and raised an army for the King. The feudal system Runnymede on the 15 th June 1215 Limit and reduce the power of the King 1) John argued with the Church 2) John was a poor war leader 3) John increased tax 4) John lost the crown jewels John only agreed to avoid a civil war. John soon went back on his word. Civil War restated and only ended when John died in 1216. Failure 1) Stop un fair taxes 2) Ensure barons inherited their land Let the church make its own appointments 3) Prevent arrests without trial 4) Protect merchants 5) Create a group of 25 barons to monitor the King
What was the significance of the Magna Carta at the time? What is the longer term significance of the Magna Carta? Which King repeated the mistakes made by King John? Why did the Barons take action against Henry III? What did the Provisions of Oxford force the King to agree to? Who did the Barons ask to lead an army against Henry III? Where did Simon de Montfort capture the King? How was Simon de Montfort's first parliament structures? Why was Simon de Montfort disliked?
Henry III 1) As more people became free it applied to more people. 2) It established some core principles about the role of a King. 3) Kings were now accountable. 4) It became a symbol of power. When later protest movements tried to challenge strong authority they used the Magna Carta. It did not solve the problem and it had limited scope. The Magna Carta was about the relationship between the Barons and the King. It only applied to the freemen. The peasants and villains were not affected by it. Simon de Montfort 1) 15 barons would be in the Great Council elected by 24 barons. 12 by the King and 12 by the barons. 2) Foreign members of the royal household were banished 3) Castles would be held by Englishmen only 4) Each county would have a sheriff 5) Taxes would be collected locally The Baron s felt that Henry III was repeating the mistakes made by King John. He was living an extravagant lifestyle, had lost 2 wars in France and he only listened to a few advisors. 1) Many barons though he was too powerful and turned against him 2) Barons thought he was repeating the mistakes of both John and Henry with having only his friends and family in the council 1) He formed a council of 9 people 2) mostly his friends and family He reissued the Magna Carta Battle of Lewes
What happened at the battle of Evesham? Why is Simon de Montfort significant in the development of Parliament? How many people did the Black Death kill? What system couldn t cope with the sudden population decrease as a result of the Black Death? Why did the Black Death give peasants more power? Why were Lords worried about the Peasants demands following the Black Death? Which king was responsible for the Statute of Labourers? What was the Statute of Labourers? What did Richard II introduce that was unpopular to pay for wars with France?
1/3 of the people in England 1) Commoners had to be consulted 2) Parliament had to approve taxes 3) It was a symbol of democracy 4) De Montfort became a Martyr for freesom The King s forces crushed de Montfort s men and Simon was hacked to death on the battle field. Lords became worried that their crops would fail and their income would fall if peasants moved on to other lords and now because there were less of them to work on the land As there were less of them, peasants were starting to demand that they were paid more and now wanted to chose who they worked for. The feudal system Poll Tax Used to try and control the peasants told them they had to work for their pre-black Death wages King Edward III
How much was the Poll Tax that Richard II introduced? What rebellion did the Poll Tax lead to in 1381? What were the main events of the Peasant s Revolt? What was the significance of the Peasants Revolt at the time? Why is the Peasants Revolt significant? What happened on the 15 th June 1381? What was the longer term significance of the Peasants Revolt? What social problems were caused by Henry VIII religious changes? What political problems were caused by Henry VIII religious changes?
30/05: Villagers in Kent and Essex refused to pay taxes 02/06: Attempts made to collect taxes, but locals beheaded the clerks 07/06: John Bull released from Prison. Wat Tyler and John Ball head towards London 07/06: The rebels attached symbols of the rich, burned records, attacked clerks and killed the Archbishop of Canterbury 13/06: The crown reached London and continued their attacks 14/06: Richard II met Tyler at Smithfield King agreed that all villains were made freemen 15/06: After the rebels went on another killing spree, Tyler met with the King again, but Tyler was killed by the Kings supporters Peasants Revolt 1 shilling and 4 pence Wat Tyler was killed by one of Richard IIs supporters The revolt was the first uprising against Royal power involving commoners 1) First time commoners had rebelled against royal power 2) In the short term the rebellion failed. Richard went back on his word 3) The leaders of the rebellion were killed Many nobles lost influence after the changes and many other families gained it The church and monasteries were the centre of peoples lives and the King took these away. 1) Peasants were never taxed so heavily again 2) Peasants wages continued to rise 3) More peasants became freemen and were able to buy their own land
What economic problems were caused by Henry VIII religious changes? What religious problems were caused by Henry VIII religious changes? What type of protest was the Pilgrimage of Grace? What was the Act of Supremacy? When was the Pilgrimage of Grace? Why was it called the Pilgrimage of Grace? What did the protesters of the Pilgrimage of Grace want? What did the Pilgrimage of Grace protestors do? What was the Kings response to the Pilgrimage of Grace?
The Pilgrimage of Grace was a popular protests against the religious changes made by Henry VIII The Church of England was now different to Catholicism and many people did not like the changes to the church services Closing the monasteries did make Henry rich, but he still increased taxes The protesters wanted to demonstrate their peaceful intentions by calling it a Pilgrimage 1536 Henry VIII made himself head of the English Church 1) The Catholic Duke of Norfolk was sent to negotiate with the rebels hoping they would listen to someone who shared their views 2) Aske was asked to spend Christmas with the King 3) After the January 1537 attacks Norfolk hung 74 rebels 4) Aske was called back to London, arrested and executed 1) 8000 pilgrims captured towns in the North 2) January 1537 Rebels attacked castles in the North 3) 74 rebels hung by Norfolk 1) The protesters demanded that England return to Catholicism 2) Henry Fire his advisors
Who was the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace? What were the consequences of the Pilgrimage of Grace? When was the English Civil War? What were the 3 causes of the Civil War? Give an example of how money caused the English Civil War Give an example of how religion caused the English Civil War Give an example of how power caused the English Civil War Why did Charles I have to recall parliament in 1640? What was the Grand Remonstrance?
1642-1649 No more rebellions and Henry now had full control of the Church and the country Aske Puritans dominated Parliament. They did not like the Catholic changes to the churches that Archbishop Laud had made Ever since Simon de Montfort the King had to call Parliament to approve taxes. Charles ruled without Parliament for 11 years and raised taxes without their permission 1) Money 2) Power 3) Religion A list of demands that Parliament issued to Charles I War with Scotland. Charles needed taxes to fund the war. Charles believed he was appointed by God Divine Right of Kings. He preferred the advice of his favourite ministers rather than Parliament
Which army was better equipped and trained during the English Civil War? What were the King s forces called? What were the Parliamentarians forces called? When was Charles I executed and where? What did the Rump Parliament do to Charles I? What did England become after Charles's I execution? When 1649-1660 what were the 3 ways England tried to rule without a King? What was the Restoration? What were the changes made as a result of the Restoration?
Roundheads although this was an insult at the time! Royalists and Cavillers The New Model Army Republic, known as the Commonwealth MPs were divided on how to treat the King after the Civil War. The army ejected 300 MPs leaving only a Rump Parliament who put the King on Trail Whitehall January 31 st 1649 1) Charles son became king but only because Parliament asked him 2) Parliament met more regularly and was not as influenced by the abilities and temperament of each King None of the ways worked to rule the country without a King from 1649-1660. So Parliament restored the Monarchy in 1660. 1) Rule by Parliament 2) Rule by Cromwell 3) Rule by Army
How did the American Revolution begin? How many colonies did Britain have in America? What did the American colonists demand from the British government? When did America declare themselves independent from British rule? What did the American Declaration of Independence declare? What were the consequences of the American Revolution? What was the longer term significance of the American Revolution? Why was the British electoral system corrupt in the early 19 th Century? What was a Rotten borough?
No taxation without representation. They were taxed by Britain but did not send MPs to Parliament 13 The American Revolution began as a dispute over taxation 1) It scared rulers in Europe 2) Inspired radicals in Britain and Europe 3) The war exposed incompetent leadership in Britain That all men are created equal 1776 An example is Old Sarum. They sent an MP to Parliament even though no on lived there. Whilst the city of Birmingham had no MP. 1) Rotten boroughs 2) Only people who owned property could vote (had the franchise to vote) 3) Factory owners were not allowed in Parliament 4) There was no secret ballot 1) This was the first colony to reject the rule of a European power 2) The idea that ordinary people had fundamental rights spread to France causing the French Revolution 3) British leaders feared a similar revolution so for the next 50 years political radicals were dealt with harshly
What happened at St Peter s Fields in Manchester 1819? What does extension of the Franchise mean? Why did the St Peter s Fields meeting become known as the Peterloo Massacre? What did the Government introduce following the Peterloo Massacre to prevent future large gatherings and protests? When was the Great Reform Act? What did the Great Reform Act (1832) do? What did the Chartists fail to do? When did the Chartists form? What were the Chartists demands?
The authorities were scared by the meeting and sent in the army. 11 people were killed including women and children. Extension of people that are able to vote 60,000 cane to hear a radical speech by Henry Hunt calling for reform to Parliament. It was a peaceful protest. 1) Gave the vote to more middle-class people 2) The act redistributed MPs so that industrial towns were represented 3) It gave factory owners and merchants the right to vote but you still had to own property 1832 1) The Six Acts banning meetings of more than 50 people 2) Asking for reform became an act of treason 1) Votes for all men 2) Equal sized constituencies 3) Voting in secret 4) Wages for MPs 5) No property qualification for voters 6) Annual elections 1836 Win the vote for the working-class people
Why were the Corn Laws repealed, and when? When was Slavery abolished? What are the 3 factors that explain why Slavery was abolished? Which individuals helped to improve factor conditions? What did Robert Own do to improve working conditions? What did Tutus Salt do to improve working conditions? What did George Cadbury do to improve working conditions? What year was the factory act passed that limited the hours that children could work? Which act banned women and children from working down mines and when was it?
1) Protests by abolitionists in the UK 2) Slave rebellions 3) Economic changes 1833 1) Popular protest 2) Famine 3) 1845 1) Built a whole town called Saltire next to the mill 2) The town had schools, bath houses, a hospital and a church 1) Introduced the 8 hour day 2) Opened schools for his child workers 1) Robert Owen 2) Titus Salt 3) George Cadbury Mines Act 1843 1833 1) Created a model town called Bourneville 2) Workers pensions 3) Workers committees 4) Workers welfare scheme
What 3 methods did workers use to help themselves to improve their living conditions in the 19 th Century? Which trade union did Robert Owen organise in the 1830s? Was the GNCTU a success or failure? Why was the government still worried about it? Which group were punished harshly when they formed a farm worker s union? When were the Tolpuddle Martyrs arrested and why? Why did the government use the Tolpuddle Martyrs to set an example to other workers? What happened to the Tolpuddle Martyrs? Why was the decision to send the Tolpuddle Martyrs to Australia reversed? What helped the new unions from the 1850s to work?
1) Failure 2) The government were still worried because some employers forced their workers to sign a pledge not to be a member of a union The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union (GNCTU) 1) Friendly societies 2) Trade societies 3) Violence The government were worried about trade unions and set a harsh example. The leaders were sent to Australia for 7 years. 1) 1834 2) They were arrested not for being a part of a union, but for getting their members to sign an illegal oath of loyalty to the union Tolpuddle Martyrs 1) When workers acted together and had public support 2) Education had become compulsory in 1880 so more people were literate so could voice clearer views 3) Working men now had the vote The punishment was out of proportion. 200,000 people attended a protest meeting in London and the government reversed the decision. Arrested and sent to Australia for 7 years
What were the unions called for the skilled workers? What were the unions called for unskilled workers? Who led the first successful strikes for the unskilled workers in 1888? When did dockworkers in London go on strike for better pay and conditions? What was the outcome of the dockworkers strikes in London in 1889? When did workers create their own political party? Formation of the Labour Party When was the General Strike? Was the General Strike a success or failure? Why did the miners go on strike in 1926?
Match Girls New Unions New Model Unions 1893 The strike had public support and the dockworkers got a pay increase. 1889 1) During WW1 the government took control of the mines. The conditions improved as did wages. This was because demand for coal increased due to the war. 2) After the war demand for coal decreased. The government handed the mines to their owners, who reduced miners wages and increased their hours. Failure It harmed the union movement 1926
Which union called a General Strike in 1926 to support the miners? How did the government respond to the General Strike of 1926? How long did the General Strike of 1926 last? What were the consequences for unions as a result of the General Strike of 1926? Why did unions increase again after WW2? After WW2 what did the government do to improve the pay and conditions for workers? Did workers strikes between the 1960s and 1970s decrease or increase? What laws did Thatcher introduce to reduce union power in the early 1980s? Why did the miners go on strike in 1985?
9 days The government had prepared for the strike. The army did some workers jobs and the government used radio and newspapers to turn public opinions against the strikes. The TUC 1) Improved pay 2) Improved working hours 3) Workers rights improved 4) More security against redundancy 5) Better training After WW2 many companies were nationalised. This meant that workers were employed by the government. The government found it easy to improve pay and conditions. 1) Union membership fell dramatically 2) Public support for the strikes fell 3) The Labour Party was harmed due to its association with unions The miners went on strike due to the laws introduced by Thatcher in 1980 and 1982 1) Banned Flying Pickets 2) Restricted the closed shop 3) Fined Unions for business losses as a result of their strikes Increase
What was the government s response to the miners strike? Why did the miners strike of 1985 fail? What was the outcome of the miners strike of 1985? What does the term suffrage mean? Which women s protest movement used peaceful methods? Which group used violent methods? When did Emily Davison die and why? How did WW1 change the role of women? What work did women do during WW1?
1) The striking miners returned to work after 1 year. 2) The union movement has not been as strong since. 1) The miners were not united 1) The government had stockpiled coal to keep the power stations running 2) The government sent the police to prevent miners from picketing at the mines Suffragettes Suffragists Gaining the right to vote 1) Munitions factories 2) Produced weapons 3) Bus driving 4) Women s land army When the men went to war the women filled the gap in the workforce 1) 1913 2) She threw herself in front of the Kings horse at the Derby horse race
Which groups called a halt to their actions as a result of WW1? What was the impact of WW1 on the rights of women? What did the Representation Act of 1918 do? What acts helped to improve the rights of women between 1967 and 1975? When was the Abortion Act? What gave women the right to seek a divorce and when was it? When was the first Equal Pay Act? When was contraception on the NHS become available? When did Britain get its first female Prime Minster?
The 1918 Representation Act gave women over the age of 30 who also owned property the right to vote. In 1928 this was extended to all women over 21. 1. Women had shown that they could do men s 2. The war changed attitudes towards women and gaining the right to vote The Suffragists and Suffragettes both stopped their campaigns and supported women working for the government for the war effort. They even gave white feathers out to men who had not gone to fight. The Divorce Act of 1969 1967 1) Abortion Act 1967 2) Divorce Act 1969 3) Equal Pay Act 1970 4) Employment Protection Act 1975 1979 1974 1970 Made it illegal to pay women less than men for the same work
Which act allowed anyone from the Commonwealth to come to Britain and gain full British Citizenship after WW2? How businesses try to recruit migrant workers after WW2? How did the government try to recruit migrant workers after WW2? Give an example of discrimination faced by early immigrant workers How did the NHS support immigrant workers? When were the Notting Hill Race Riots? What happened during the Notting Hill violence of 1958? Why was the Notting Hill Carnival organised? When was Kelso Cochrane murdered (From Antigua) and why?
The government offered interestfree loans so that people could afford to move to Britain Employers such as London Transport held job fairs the Caribbean to recruit workers The British Nationality Act 1948 1958 More skilled workers got jobs in the NHS i.e. Doctors and Nurses 1) Many landlords refused to let their houses often putting a sign up saying No Blacks 2) Lower pay jobs 3) Poorer living conditions and areas May 1959 A white gang attacked and murdered him for being Black Following the Notting Hill Riots, Claudia Jones a Trinidad-born journalist organised a carnival In 1958 there was serious racial violence in Notting Hill. Black Homes and Shops were attacked by white gangs
Who gave the Rivers of Blood speech in 1968 and what was it about? Why was the National Front formed? When did the Government introduce laws to limit Black and Asian immigration? When where the 3 Race Relations Acts passed? What improvements did the Race Relations Acts bring for immigrants? What were the aims of the 1976 Race Relations Act? What were the outcomes of the Brixton Riots in 1981? What caused the Brixton Riots? When were the Brixton Riots?
1962 and 1967 Commonwealth Immigration Acts To protect Britain from Immigration it called for an end to immigration and stirred up racial hatred in inner cities 1) Enoch Powell a leading Conservative MP 2) He was predicting that a Civil War would happen if Immigration was not stopped 1) To set up a commission for Racial Equality 2) To use the law to prevent discrimination 3) To improve better relations between communities 4) To promote racial equality and opportunities 5) To raise public awareness 1965: some types of racial discrimination became illegal 1968: focused on the integration of immigrant communities tried to improve living and working conditions 1976: A commission for Racial Equality was established 1965, 1968 and 1976 1981 In April 1981, a police stop and search incident turned into serious rioting. There were battles between black youths and police with arson and looting. 1) The Scarman Report investigated the causes of the riots and blamed the police tactics for causing the riots. 2) The Scarman Report uncovered a racist culture within the police.