AP US History Unit 5 Exam Progressivism, Imperialism, and WWI Section 1: Multiple Choice (50%) 1. Which of the following had the greatest effect in moving the United States toward participation in the First World War? a. The German disregard of treaty obligations in violating Belgian neutrality. b. Germany s declaration of its intent to wage unrestricted submarine warfare. c. A German offer to reward Mexico with U.S. territory should it join Germany in a war against the United States. d. The beginning of the Russian Revolution. e. The rapidly deteriorating situation for the Allies. 2. The main idea of Theodore Roosevelt s proposed New Nationalism was to a. make the federal government an instrument of domestic reform b. undertake an aggressive new foreign policy c. increase economic competition by breaking up all trusts and large business combinations d. seek to establish a large overseas empire e. take an isolationist position in foreign policy while maintaining the status quo domestically 3. As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and a. the Philippines b. Cuba c. Bermuda d. the Panamal Cana Zone e. Hawaii 4. The yellow journalism of the late nineteenth century might best be described as a. focusing on the influx of Chinese immigrants to the West Coast and calling for restrictions on such immigration b. attempting to alarm the public about the supposed Yellow Peril of Japan s growing naval and industrial might c. focusing exclusively on corruptions and abuses in government and big business d. reporting the news in an exaggerated, distorted, and sensationalized manner e. dominated by the funding of large corporations so as to take a stance consistently favorable to big business 5. All of the following reforms were adopted during the Progressive era EXCEPT a. stronger antitrust law b. protection of national forests c. lower tariffs rates d. regulation of meatpacking industry e. federal anti-lynching law
6. Which of the following statements best summarizes Theodore Roosevelt s position on trusts? a. Trusts are an economic evil and should be destroyed on every case. b. Only trusts in the railroad and oil industries are acceptable. c. Good trusts should be tolerated while bad trusts are prevented from manipulating the markets. d. Only trusts in the meatpacking industry should be broken up. e. Anything that stands in the way of complete and unrestricted economic competition is evil and should be removed. 7. All of the following were part of Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points EXCEPT a. self-determination b. open diplomacy c. freedom of the seas d. a League of Nations e. a restoration of the balance of power 8. Which of the following was passed into law during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson a. The Pure Food and Drug Act b. a progressive income tax c. a high protective tariff d. a national old-age pension e. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act 9. The primary function of the Food Administration during the First World War was to a. keep farm prices high by limiting the amount of good produced on American farms b. insure an adequate supply of food for American needs by arranging for imports from America s French and British allies c. oversee the production and allocation of foodstuffs to assure adequate supplies for the army and the Allies d. monitor the purity and wholesomeness of all food items shipped to France to feed the American Army there e. create and operate large-scale government-owned farms 10. During William H. Taft s administration, the federal government moved to strengthen its regulator control over the railroad industry by a. passage of the Mann-Elkin Act b. creation of the Federal Trade Commission c. passage of the Granger Laws d. taking over and operating the railroads e. removal of former legal obstacles to consolidation of the railroads into giant corporations 11. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913 was important because it a. ended the power of the Second Bank of the United States b. permitted a flexible money supply c. allowed the president to set interest rates d. made up revenues lost by the Underwood Tariff e. established forest and oil reserves in the West 2
12. Emilio Aguinaldo was a. the commander of the Spanish fleet defeated at Manila Bay b. the Spanish general whose harsh tactics against Cuban rebels helped bring on the Spanish- American War c. the leader of the Philippine insurrection against first Spanish and then U.S. occupation d. the commander of the Spanish fleet destroyed at Santiago e. the Spanish foreign minister who negotiated the treaty ending the Spanish-American War 13. The Spanish-American War spurred building of the Panama Canal by a. demonstrating the need to shift naval forces quickly from the Atlantic to the Pacific b. demonstrating the ease with which Latin American countries could be overcome by U.S. military force c. discrediting congressional opponents of the project d. removing the threat that any possible canal could be blockaded by Spanish forces based in Cuba and Puerto Rico e. demonstrating that such tropical diseases as malaria and yellow fever could be controlled 14. In the Arabic Pledge of 1915, Germany promised not to a. aid Mexico in any war against the United States b. attempt to buy war materials in the United States c. use submarines for any purpose but reconnaissance d. attempt to break the British blockade e. sink passenger ships without warning 15. In the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson was willing to sacrifice other portions of his Fourteen Points in order to gain Allied approval of a. a ban on secret diplomacy b. a strengthening of the Austrian Empire in order to restore the balance of power c. a union of Germany and Austria in accordance with the right of self-determination of peoples d. new rules of blockade that would provide more complete freedom of the seas e. a League of Nations 16. Which of the following took the lead in reforming the United States in the early twentieth century? a. corporate leaders b. the lower class c. the middle class d. the House of Representatives e. the conservative wing of the Republican Party 17. All of the following statements are true of John Dewey EXCEPT a. he strove to alter radically both the content and purpose of schooling b. he strove to strengthen the child s respect for parental and other traditional authority c. he substituted the authority of the peer group for that of the teacher so that the child would be socialized and schooling would be relevant to him d. he was much inflamed by William James e. he has been called the father of Progressive Education 3
18. The following cartoon refers to the results of which war? a. War of 1812 b. Civil War c. Spanish-American War d. World War I e. World War II 19. The White Man s Burden referred to a. the financial cost of running the huge European colonial empires b. the cost in human lives of diseases, such as small pox, to which only white people were susceptible c. the duty of white laborers to rise up and overthrow the wealthy industrialists who were abusing their power and their workers d. the cost of the wars that resulted from nineteenth-century militarism e. the belief that it was the duty of whites to civilize non-white peoples through colonization or economic dominance of non-white lands 20. What proposal did President Woodrow Wilson make in 1918 that convinced Germans they would be treated fairly if they surrendered? a. The Twenty-One Demands b. The Fourteen Points c. The Versailles Proposals d. The Balfour Declaration e. The New Freedom Policy 4
21. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, enunciated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his annual message to Congress in may 1904, did all of the following EXCEPT a. asserted that the United States would take action to guarantee that Latin American nations paid their debts b. stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations to forestall the intervention of other powers c. was preceded by Roosevelt s assertion that the Monroe Doctrine prohibited Europeans from using force in the Americas d. led to protracted intervention in Santo Domingo and, subsequently, to intervention in Haiti, Nicaragua, and Cuba e. proposed a massive foreign aid program to stabilize the governments of Latin America 22. Which of the following was a major effect of World War I on American society in 1917 and 1918? a. migration of African-Americans to the North b. reduction in income taxes c. increase in the amount of consumer goods d. increase in unemployment rate e. entry of large numbers of women into the military 23. What was the reaction of most Filipinos when they were liberated from Spanish control and occupied by American forces following the Spanish-American War? a. They applied for statehood, but their application was rejected by Congress which feared that the Philippines were too far away to effectively govern. b. They welcomed the Americans as heroes and were thrilled when the United States government announced that the Philippines would eventually be granted its independence when the people had been educated and trained in running their own government. c. Their reaction was relatively neutral. They had known nothing but colonial status for hundreds of years and had become resigned to their fate. d. While there was some resentment at the American refusal to grant them immediate independence, there was little violence. Most Philippine hostility was expressed in a few scattered protests. e. Filipinos, angered at American actions, declared themselves independent and launched a violent rebellion that killed thousands and took two years to quell. 24. What was the reaction in the U.S. Senate to the terms of the 1918 Treaty of Versailles? a. The Senate overwhelmingly supported the major provisions of the treaty and only demanded a few minor adjustments before ratifying it. b. The Senate felt that in many ways the treaty was too harsh on Germany, but that overall it was a good plan for postwar peace. c. The Senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations, but felt that the treaty was too important to be destroyed by partisan politics. As a result, the Senate narrowly passed the ratification measure making the treaty official. d. The Senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and had problems with several treaty articles. As a result, the Senate didn t ratify the treaty until the second time Wilson sent it to them. Even then, the Senate refused to ratify the provisions calling for U.S. membership in the League of Nations. e. The Senate was angry with Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and for the treaty that the peace conference produced. Wilson refused to compromise on various treaty provisions and the Senate rejected the treaty both times it was sent to them. 5
25. The Zimmerman Papers were infamous because they a. exposed German atrocities against Jews and other prisoners of war and contributed directly to the U.S. entry into World War I b. exposed a German plot to enlist Mexico into an alliance with Germany in a war against the United States c. exposed corruption in the U.S. Justice Department leading to a total reorganization of the department and the formation of the FBI d. exposed a British plot to disguise their warships as American merchant ships, encouraging German submarines to attack any ship flying the American flag, hopefully luring the United States into World War I e. revealed the existence of Communist spies in the highest levels of American government, following World War I, and led to the Red Scare in which hundreds of innocent people were victimized in witch hunts trying to weed out Communists. 26. Woodrow Wilson s New Freedom and Theodore Roosevelt s New Nationalism were similar in that both a. removed restrictions on the rights of women and minorities b. removed restrictions on the rights of unions to organize within the workplace c. expanded the rights of states to regulate business operations within state borders d. expanded the government s role in regulating businesses and business monopolies e. expanded the nation of individualism inherent in their laissez-faire economic policies 27. William H. Taft s approach to American imperialism was known as a. Dollar Diplomacy b. the Big Stick policy c. the Open Door policy d. the Good Neighbor policy e. appeasement 28. The Nineteenth Amendment, added to the United States Constitution in 1920, did which of the following? a. limited the president to two terms b. created the federal income tax c. outlawed the sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages d. enfranchised women e. ended prohibition 29. Following World War I, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge led the fight against the a. establishment of the new nations of Europe b. harsh treatment of Germany c. United States occupation of Germany d. Discrimination of blacks and women e. League of Nations 30. The Teller Amendment of 1898 guaranteed the sovereignty of a. Puerto Rico b. the Philippines c. the Virgin Islands d. Panama e. Cuba 6
31. The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all of the following EXCEPT a. James Oglethorpe b. Cecil Calvert c. Anne Hutchinson d. William Penn e. Roger Williams 32. The Battle of Saratoga had all of the following consequences EXCEPT a. Encouraged the British to grant most of the American demands b. Persuaded the French to form an alliance with the United States c. Defeated a British attempt to isolate New England from the other colonies d. Gave a boost to American morale e. Caused the British to adopt a different military strategy 33. Which of the following statements accurately describes an argument of the Anti-Federalist? a. The Constitution failed to provide for a Supreme Court. b. The Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights c. States rights were strong enough to limit the central government. d. The president s powers were too limited. e. The small states had to be protected from the large ones. 34. After the election of 1824, the president s choice of Henry Clay as secretary of state resulted in a. the end of political bitterness between the major parties b. the revival of the Federalist party c. widespread criticism of the spoils system d. charges of a corrupt bargain with John Q. Adams e. a political alliance between Clay and Andrew Jackson 35. The Battle of New Orleans in 1815 I. resulted in the emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero II. ended the possibility of a British Empire on the lower Mississippi River III. strengthened the Federalist party s grip on the national government IV. assured the ratification of the treaty ending the war without notable changes by the British a. I and II only b. II and III only c. III and IV only d. I, II, and III only e. I, II, and IV only 36. Which of the following most accurately describes Stephen Douglas idea of popular sovereignty? a. A section of western land would be given free to anyone who would homestead it for a certain number of years. b. Only citizens of the United States would be permitted to settle territories acquired from Mexico. c. Public lands in the new territories would be open on a first-come, first-served basis. d. The status of slavery in a territory would be determined by the voters in the territory. e. New territories would be closed to both slaves and free blacks. 7
37. The purpose of Lincoln s and Johnson s plan for Reconstruction was to a. punish the South for causing the Civil War b. give Congress the final authority in the process of Reconstruction c. give equal voting rights for both white and black males in the South d. provide financial aid to rebuild the South e. encourage rapid readmission of ex-confederate states into the Union 38. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is most closely associated with a. the expensive technologies involved in deep-shaft mining b. hostility to foreigners in western states c. competition of a transcontinental railroad d. farmers grievances e. segregation and racial tensions in the South 39. The U.S. economy in the late 19 th century was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. consolidation of businesses into trusts b. technological innovations c. acceptance of unions and collective bargaining d. growing concentrations of wealth e. control of industries by bankers 40. Which of the following is a correct statement about immigration from 1890-1914? a. The number of immigrants declined because of restrictive quota laws. b. Most immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe. c. Most immigrants of this period were readily accepted because of their education and wealth. d. Workers from Latin America were excluded from immigrating by federal laws. e. Labor unions supported the rights of Chinese immigrants. 8