1914-Present
Throughout history, how did Chinese people feel about their country? Ethnocentrism Middle Kingdom How did foreign powers exercise control over China in the early 1900s? How did the Chinese feel about that? China was ripe for revolution The Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) wanted China to modernize and become democratic Led by Sun Yixian, the Kuomintang overthrows the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
China sided with the Allies during WWI, hoping they would get back land that was taken by Germany Japan got the territories instead Leads to the May Fourth Movement (1919) Widespread protests Did Sun and the Kuomintang support it? What leader did many young Chinese admire? Rise of Communist Party in 1920s; Sun dies in 1925
Nationalists Led by Jiang Jieshi Ruled Southern China Weak public support due to inflation and failing economy Military leaders ineffective, corrupt, and unhappy Democracy Communists Led by Mao Zedong Ruled Northern China Strong public support due to promised land reform for peasants Experienced, motivated guerilla army Long March (1934-35)
Why did Mao and Jiang temporarily unite their armies in 1937? When WWII ended, they battled for power in China Civil war in China from 1946-1949
Mao wins the Chinese Civil War and forms the People s Republic of China Jiang flees and starts a government in Taiwan How do the U.S. and USSR react?
Great Leap Forward Established large communes (collective farms) and high production goals for industry and farming People ate, slept, and worked together Crop failures, famine kill 20 million people High school and college students left school and formed militia units called Red Guards Learn revolution by making revolution Mao urged Red Guards to help create a Cultural Revolution Establish an equal society of peasants Peasants were the new heroes Why? How were artists and intellectuals viewed during this time?
The Great Leap Forward and the radical Cultural Revolution led to the decline of Mao and radical communism A more moderate Zhou Enlai opens relations with the U.S. Ping-pong diplomacy Nixon visits China Why did Nixon do so?
Deng Xiaoping was a moderate leader of China from 1980-1997 He eliminated Mao s communes and established new goals for China under his plan, the Four Modernizations (p. 1060 textbook)
What did the Four Modernizations change? Be specific. How did China became more Western? Why did the Tiananmen Square uprising begin? How did Deng respond to the protest? Explain how the following quote describes Deng s political philosophy: It doesn t matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.
One child policy Great Britain hands over rule of Hong Kong to China in 1997 China s economy keeps getting stronger 2008 Summer Olympics
Which country controlled India during World War I? What did Britain promise India if they sent soldiers to help in World War I? Why does Indian nationalism increase right after the war? To keep order, the Rowlett Acts could jail people for 2 years without a trial Indians protested this and held a public meeting The Amritsar Massacre kills 400 Indians What was the result of the massacre?
Mohandas Gandhi emerges as the leader of the Indian independence movement Mahatma = great soul Civil disobedience Deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law Nonviolent approach
Boycotted British goods Hunger strikes Salt March (1930) Demonstration protesting the tax on salt 240 mile walk to collect seawater Why? Gandhi jailed, gains worldwide attention
India is given self -rule in 1935 Increased tensions among Muslims and Hindus Different views on the future of India 350 million Hindus 100 million Muslims Congress Party Controlled by Hindus Muslim League Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah All Muslims should resign from Congress Party Britain grants India independence in 1947 Why? Much fighting between Hindus and Muslims Solution?
What were some problems with the partition? Fight over disputed Kashmir still going on today Jawaharlal Nehru becomes prime minister of India Largest democracy in the world What happened to Gandhi?
Before (1900) After (1980)
Nigeria adopts a federal system after its independence How is power shared? Civil war begins in 1963, martial law is declared Military rule continued as dissidents were jailed Civilian rule and democracy returned in 1999
South Africa receives independence in 1931 In 1948, party that celebrated Dutch nationalism came to power Policy of apartheid begins Complete separation of the races Segregated schools, hospitals, etc. Banned social contact between blacks and whites Blacks made up 75% of the population but only got 13% of the land
The African National Congress (ANC) was organized in protest to white rule One of its leaders was Nelson Mandela Imprisoned from 1973-1990 Bishop Desmond Tutu urges countries not to trade with South Africa Compare to who? White president F.W. de Klerk wins election in 1989, releases Mandela In first free election, Mandela is elected president Serves from 1994-99 Democracy continues in South Africa today Major problem? 65,000 people die each day from AIDS (70% on African continent)
Palestinians Christians and Muslims that feel the land where Israel is today rightfully belongs to them since A.D. 135 Jews feel that their claim is 3,000 years old dating back to Jewish kings Arabs feel they own the land because they conquered it in the 7 th century
Balfour Declaration Called for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine in 1917 Ultimately failed In 1947, United Nations partitioned Palestine into a Palestinian state and a Jewish state Jews received 55% of the land even though they were only 34% of the population Affect on the Middle East? 6 Islamic countries invade Israel the day after it gets its independence
Israel wins wars in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 Israel is undefeated Camp David Accords (1979) end fighting between Israel and Egypt Anwar Sadat Egypt Menachem Begin Israel Jimmy Carter U.S. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Led by Yasir Arafat Only way to achieve goal was by force Intifada (1987-1991 uprising) using civil disobedience Oslo Peace Accords grant Palestinians limited self-rule (1993) Despite peace agreements, this region is filled with war and tension today
What is the most important factor that leads to a nation having a strong economy? Developed nations Have industrialized, can produce manufactured goods, and advanced transportation Emerging nations In the process of industrializing We live in a global economy Business is done internationally Movement toward free trade Elimination of trade barriers between nations Example? Japan s economic miracle
World Trade Organization (WTO) European Union (EU) Major economic change that took place? North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) elimination of tariffs between Mexico, Canada, and United States Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) What do they control? Where are most of these countries located?