Domain 5 Political, Social and Technological Changes from 1945 to today

Domain 5 Political, Social and Technological Changes from 1945 to today

Sputnik I In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into space America worried, are we falling behind in science & technology? President Dwight D. Eisenhower encouraged increased spending on education (math & science, especially) And increased military/defense spending

Levittown There is a baby boom following WWII Americans had saved up tons of money and the economy is BOOMING The 1950s will be an era of conformity Everyone looking to be the same, do the same Levittown, NY and then Levittown, PA Planned suburbs for the new American family

Interstate Highway Act 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower (elected 1952) 40,000 miles of highways in 10 years makes it the largest public project in American history to that time To connect the nation, coast to coast To grow urban American outward into suburbs Boost to oil company? Boost to automobile industry?

The impact television on American culture POLITICS & NEWS (Civil Rights & Vietnam War) POPULAR CULTURE (music, clothing, family relations) COMMERCIALS (teenage consumerism)

the presidential debates (Kennedy/Nixon, 1960) 70 million Americans tuned in to watch the first ever presidential debate Richard Nixon, the Vice President and foreign policy expert, hoped to expose Kennedy s inexperience John F. Kennedy (JFK) got a lot of coaching and was very collected/confident on TV Kennedy won, barely by only 119,000 votes Thanks to tv debates and his active position on civil rights

Describe the causes and early momentum of the civil rights movement. What is civil rights?

Jackie Robinson 1947: Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball, ending eighty years of segregation in America s Pastime Who was president then? What did this president do of note with regard to civil rights? Jackie with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 Jackie at MLK s March on Washington in 1963

news coverage of the Civil Rights movement

news coverage of the Civil Rights movement Sit in situations -The Butler

news coverage of the Civil Rights movement Television, newspaper, magazine, radio Constant attention to marches, demonstrations and activities kept civil rights in Americans minds Sympathy for non-violent protestors shown in the news won popular support for the movement

explaining Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas = separate but equal is inherently unequal

efforts to resist the brown decision The responsibility for integration fell to local governments Ten years after Brown, more than 89% of African American students in the South still attended segregated schools Little Rock, Arkansas: Central High School famously resisted and the nation watched on TV as Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the African American students to class One of the Little Rock Nine gets harassed

Letter from a Birmingham Jail April 1963 He didn t feel like they could wait any longer, change was needed immediately Breaking unjust laws is okay

I have a dream. August 1963 Created support for desegregation Prompted the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Called for a dream that whites and blacks could live together in peace.

comparing & contrasting SCLC and SNCC Southern Christian Leadership Conference Formed in 1957 by MLK, other ministers & civil rights leaders soon after Montgomery Bus Boycott Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee Formed in 1960, these students thought that change was coming too slowly; going to challenge the system Pronounced snick

Tactics used by civil rights organizations Sit-ins were a non-violent way of forcing attention to situations that needed attention Freedom Rides across the South While testing bus segregation, with Kennedy s support from federal troops Changing Composition of SNCC 1966: frustrated tensions erupted and some leaders started to become more militant Black Power: more we shall overrun less we shall overcome resisted by MLK

causes & consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 July 1964 Lyndon Johnson signed Civil Rights Act of 1964 Banned discrimination in employment Banned discrimination in all establishments (libraries, restaurants, hotels, etc) Federal government would protect voting rights Federal government would work harder on integrating schools

causes & consequences of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 SNCC workers spent the Freedom Summer of 1964 traveling through the South (Mississippi, mostly) trying to register African American voters Lyndon Johnson pushed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Congress, eliminating literacy tests, poll taxes, etc African American voters tripled in the South

the political impact of the JFK assassination Kennedy took the presidency with a vision of a New Frontier ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. civil rights legislation race to the moon Peace Corps assault on poverty November 22, 1963 an assassin s bullet ended JFK s presidency, but perhaps gave greater strength to his visions for America s future

Lincoln LINCOLN VS JFK ASSASSINATION COMPARISON Kennedy Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946 He was elected President in 1860 He was elected President in 1960 His wife lost a child while living in the White House His wife lost a child while living in the White House He was directly concerned with Civil Rights He was directly concerned with Civil Rights Lincoln had a secretary named Kennedy who told him not to go to the theater Kennedy had a secretary named Lincoln who told him not to go to Dallas Lincoln was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife Kennedy was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife Lincoln shot in the Ford Theatre Kennedy shot in a Lincoln, made by Ford He was shot on a Friday He was shot on a Friday The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters The assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was known by three names, comprised of fifteen letters Booth shot Lincoln in a theater and fled to a warehouse Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theater Booth was killed before being brought to trial Oswald was killed before being brought to trial There were theories that Booth was part of a greater conspiracy There were theories that Oswald was part of a greater conspiracy Lincoln's successor was Andrew Johnson, born in 1808 Kennedy's successor was Lyndon Johnson, born in 1908 Andrew Johnson died 10 years after Lincoln's death Lyndon Johnson died 10 years after Kennedy's death

explaining Lyndon Johnson s Great Society Johnson was a master politician and he worked to achieve the visions JFK had held Tax cuts Civil Rights laws War on Poverty Education Health care LBJ getting sworn in on an airplane

The LBJ Treatment

establishing Medicare Health care and low-cost insurance to those over 65 And Medicaid too Low-cost health care for those on welfare

The Warren Court Chief Justice Earl Warren leading an activist Supreme Court Ever since Brown v. Board of Education, the Court worked to fight for individual rights Banning school prayer Taking power away from censors

The court Expands individual rights Miranda v. Arizona (1966) The accused must be informed of their individual constitutional rights (5 th Amendment) Roe v. Wade (1973) Woman has the individual right to have an abortion because she has the right to private decisions over her own body

the Bakke decision on affirmative action Supreme Court decided in 1978 in the case of California v. Bakke that using racial quotas (numbers set ahead of time) was illegal, but that race could be considered a factor in the admissions process Affirmative Action increase the opportunities of those that have been historically discriminated against (in admissions or employment)

origins & goals of the modern women s movement 1960s: fueled by feminism -- that women should have economic, political & social equality with men In 1966, the National Organization of Women (NOW) was formed, pushing for better opportunities and better choices for women

César ChÁvez As the Latino population in the US grew, so did their need for better representation and better treatment Chávez founded the United Farm Workers movement in 1966 It would be like a union for farm laborers that would use nonviolence to reach its goals

Rachel Carson Wrote about the negative effects chemical pesticides could have on the environment Silent Spring (1962) The outcry from American readers led LBJ to pass Water Quality Act of 1965

Compare to: Uncle Tom s Cabin or The Jungle

modern environmentalist movement Environmentalists, those taking an active role in protecting the environment, grew throughout the 1960s In 1970, Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set and enforce pollution standards, research and control Also on April 22, 1970, Americans celebrated their first Earth Day celebration

describing the social and political turmoil of 1968 On top of the Tet Offensive in January assassination of Martin Luther King, JR April, 1968: Memphis, TN a shattered end to the Civil Rights movement assassination of Robert F. Kennedy June, 1968: Los Angeles, CA An end to a brother s hope of rekindling JFK s legacy COLLEGE CAMPUS PROTESTS 400,000 students involved across the nation Democratic National Convention August, 1968: Chicago, IL Protests turn to mob/police violence LBJ wasn t going to run for president for Democrats again the Great Society was shot down on the battlefields of Vietnam

Assassination of MLK Jr April 1968 Assassination of RFK June 1968 College Campus Protest - 1968 Democratic National Convention August 1968

the rise of the conservative movement In 1964, Barry Goldwater ran for president against Lyndon Johnson and lost big time His campaign criticized federal government over-activity in trying to fight social inequality, poverty, or any lack of opportunities In 1968, America seemed to need a break from all the turmoil of the 1960s Richard Nixon (R) won the presidency

RED STATES Democrat (Liberal) wins BLUE STATES Republican (Conservative) wins

President Nixon s foreign policy In 1971, Richard Nixon normalized relations between the US and China for first time since 1949 In 1972, Nixon visited China to strengthen economic and political relations

Nixon s resignation In 1972, Nixon was up for reelection and was pretty sure to do well The Committee to Reelect the President broke into Democratic Headquarters at the Watergate office and apartments complex The cover-up that followed was ugly Washington Post uncovered the story Senate investigates Prosecutors were fired Audio tapes from the Oval Office were tampered with Nixon, fearing impeachment for his role in the burglary and cover-up, resigned in 1974 First president ever to do so

the Presidency of Gerald Ford (1974-1976) Our long national nightmare is over Hard feelings over Nixon s actions Ford pardoned Nixon, preventing criminal trial Economic struggles Oil prices rising and rising and rising INFLATION (rising prices) unsuccessfully challenged by Ford s plan to Whip Inflation Now (WIN) Jimmy Carter (D-GA) wins the presidency in 1976, promising in a down-to-earth style: I will never tell a lie to the American people.

Carter administration s efforts in the Middle East Carter promoted human rights and morality in foreign policy (bad for relations with USSR) In 1978, Carter invited the leaders of Egypt and Israel to America to complete their peace talks Camp David Accords In 1979, there was a revolution in Iran and Carter did not support the new government November 4, 1979: Iranian militants took 52 American hostages in Tehran (444 days of hostage crisis, continuing oil problems and still-rising prices killed Carter s presidency)

Which image is easier for a voter to remember?

changing attitudes toward government 1932-1963 FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, JFK 1963-1980 Johnson: passed Civil Rights legislation, but Great Society died while he lied about troop escalation Nixon: slowed civil rights, had to resign over Watergate scandal Ford: pardoned the crook before him, couldn t fix the economy Carter: couldn t get the hostages back, couldn t fix long lines at gas stations

FDR Truman Eisenhower JFK What do you think of government? Do you trust our leaders in government? LBJ Nixon Ford Carter

Ronald Reagan: foreign Policy As the Soviet Union began its collapse, Reagan flexed muscle with increase defense spending In 1986, Americans found out that Reagan sold weapons to Iran (when he d said he wouldn t) and that the money from the sales went to help fund the Contras in their revolution in Nicaragua Iran-contra scandal really did not hurt Reagan s image that much

Ronald Reagan: Domestic Policy Reagan easily beat Jimmy Carter in 1980 and set out to restore confidence in government and economy Reaganomics was his plan where people would pay less taxes, save more money and then investments & productivity would rise Government spending and regulation went down Drugs, education, urban slums all grew into bigger problems

Checking for understanding: (1) Jimmy Carter s commitment to human rights led to his negotiation of a peace accord between (A) China and Vietnam. (B) Israel and Egypt. (C) Iran and Syria. (D) the United States and the Soviet Union. (2) Which of the following did not contribute to Jimmy Carter s inability to win reelection in 1980? (A) the Iran hostage crisis (B) the rise of the New Right (C) inflation and a stagnant economy (D) the Camp David Accords (3) Reaganomics, or supply-side economics, is based on creating a healthy economy by first (A) raising taxes. (B) increasing interest rates. (C) increasing government spending. (D) cutting taxes.

(4) What is this cartoonist trying to call attention to? (A) the economic policy of Reaganomics was overly dependent on foreign oil (B) Jimmy Carter s failure to bring home American hostages from Iran was an embarrassment (C) President Reagan s televised messages about selling weapons to Iran were not accurate (D) Ronald Reagan caused the 1983 Iranian hostage crisis

1992 Analyze the impact of technology on our lives Personal Computer Internet has opened the Information Age Access highlights the gap between the have s and the havenot s Cellular telephone Information & accessibility anywhere and everywhere

the relationship between Congress & Bill Clinton Clinton pushed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which would open a free-trade zone between the US, Canada and Mexico After the Republicans took control of Congress in 1994, it became more and more difficult for Clinton to achieve welfare and health care reform laws In 1998, Clinton faced impeachment by the Republicancontrolled House of Representatives, but the Senate acquitted him and he kept his job (after apologizing for his actions)

the 2000 presidential election & its outcome Al Gore vs. George W. Bush an extension of Clinton vs. an extension of Reagan It was one of the tightest elections in US history According to the Electoral College, the first candidate to earn 270 electoral votes would win all eyes were on Florida s 25 votes recounts started and stopped and started again before a Supreme Court decision put an end to it and led to George W. Bush s victory in the election, more than a month after the election

the response of George W. Bush to September 11, 2001 Following the attacks in NY and DC, Bush declared an American war against terrorism And created Department of Homeland Security And passed the Patriot Act In October 2001, the war against terrorism took American bombers to Afghanistan In March 2003, Bush expanded the war on terrorism to Iraq Bush (incorrectly) believed Saddam Hussein was supplying terrorists with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)