AP US History Hawkins Period 4 Test ( )

AP US History Hawkins Period 4 Test (1800-1848) Part I. Multiple choice (26 questions). 1 point each. Choose the best answer among the following questions. Questions 1-2 refer to the following excerpt. "During the contest of opinion through which we have passed the animation of discussions and of exertions has sometimes worn an aspect which might impose on strangers unused to think freely and to speak and to write what they think; but this being now decided by the voice of the nation, announced according to the rules of the Constitution, all will, of course, arrange themselves under the will of the law, and unite in common efforts for the common good... But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." --Address by Thomas Jefferson, 1801. 1. What idea below separated Federalists and Democratic-Republicans at the same time of this speech? A. The Creation of Laws that restricted freedom of speech B. The decision to declare war upon the Barbary pirates, which hindered shipping in the Mediterranean Sea C. The decision to support France in its war with Great Britain D. The debate over the expansion of slavery 2. Despite Jefferson's call for being "all Republicans and Federalists," what event occurred which suggested a lack of unity? A. Members of Congress debated the merits of purchasing Louisiana B. the United States declared a quasi-war with France C. Federalist judicial appointments created political arguments under the Jefferson administration D. Congress passed a resolution declaring neutrality in the war between England and France Question 3 refers to the following excerpt. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid. --Missouri Compromise, 1820

3. The application of Missouri to enter the Union raised what sectional issue surrounding its admission A. The states used popular sovereignty in determining the expansion of slavery B. The South attempted to keep an equal number of slave and free states for representation in the Senate C. The South spread cotton production into Northern areas D. Congress outlawed the slave trade in 1808 Question 4 refers to the following excerpt. This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the [death] knell of the Union... but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper... the cession of that kind of property,... would not cost me in a second thought, if... a general emancipation... could be effected... but, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other. --Jefferson on the Missouri Compromise, 1820 4. Why did Jefferson believe that the passage of the Missouri Compromise would deepen sectional conflict? A. Each enactment by Congress that took power away from the states would have built more resentment. B. While some wanted slavery to end immediately, others wanted it to end gradually. C. Americans would have argued forever over the line, once it was created. D. Adding new states would have recreated the competition. Questions 5-6 refers to the following image. 5. Canals, such as the Erie Canal pictured above, typically connected what areas of the country? A. Northeastern urban areas with farms in the Ohio River Valley B. Southern plantations with Northern factories C. Western mines with Northern factories D. Southern plantations with Western farms

6. What other inventions/technologies/infrastructure helped connect the U.S. in new ways in the early 1800s? A. Steam boat, cotton gin, telegraph B. Radio, carrier pigeon, Route 66 C. A and B D. Neither A or B Questions 7-8 refer to the following excerpt. " It makes my feet ache and swell to stand so much, but I suppose I shall get accustomed to it. The girls generally wear old shoes about their work. The right hand, which is the one used in stopping and starting the loom, becomes larger than the left; but in other respects the factory is not detrimental to a young girl s appearance. -A Factory Girl describes her treatment, 1844 7. The above passage described a labor system implemented in what area of the country? A. Philadelphia, PA B. Charleston, SC C. Detroit, MI D. Lowell, MA 8. Which of the following opportunities did factory work provide female employees? A. Female workers could afford college tuition B. Female workers could afford to purchase land and therefore become politically active C. Females could achieve a level of economic independence from their fathers or husbands D. Female workers formed groups which would evolve into the first successful labor unions Questions 9-10 refer to the following excerpt. The principle here affirmed is that the "degree of its necessity," involving all the details of a banking institution, is a question exclusively for legislative consideration. A bank is constitutional, but it is the province of the Legislature to determine whether this or that particular power, privilege, or exemption is "necessary and proper" to enable the bank to discharge its duties to the Government, and from their decision there is no appeal to the courts of justice. Under the decision of the Supreme Court, therefore, it is the exclusive province of Congress and the President to decide whether the particular features of this act are necessary and proper in order to enable the bank to perform conveniently and efficiently the public duties assigned to it as a fiscal agent, and therefore constitutional, or unnecessary and improper, and therefore unconstitutional. --President Jackson's Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States; July 10, 1832

9. Jackson took which of the following actions in an attempt to make the national banking system more responsive to the people? A. He moved federal funds from the Bank of the United States to state banks B. Jackson called upon economic leaders to create a new banking system called the Federal Reserve System C. He called for a sub-treasury system to help farmers and increase the flow of money D. He moved the United States away from a gold standard to a bi-metal standard 10. Andrew Jackson s veto of the renewal of the National Bank impacted the economy in which of the following ways? A. No impact, as state banks filled the void left by the national bank B. It contributed to the Panic of 1837, which plagued the next president C. The economy changed its emphasis from agriculture to industry D. The national government immediately created a new national banking system that Jackson will approve of. Questions 11-13 refer to the following excerpt. Resolved, That an Elective Despotism is not the Government which our Fathers fought for; and that unless the tyrannical domination which now overshadows the liberties of this country be defeated in its desperate efforts to perpetuate its power, the blood of Bunker Hill will have been shed in vain. the Constitution has been violated, the most solemn Treaties trampled on, the Laws disregarded, the public Treasure seized and squandered, the People's interests overlooked, the people's rights overleaped, and the People's will defied Resolved, That the derangement of the currency, the confusion of the exchange, the depression of prices, the reduction of wages, the stagnation of trade, and the general discontent and distress of the People are the legitimate results of bad government, ruinous measures, and wrong-headed men. --Proceedings of the Whig state convention, at Worcester, Mass., June 17, 1840. 11. Besides opposition to Andrew Jackson, which of the following beliefs defined the platform of the Whig Party? A. The raising of protective tariffs, the renewal of the National Bank, and internal transportation improvements B. The spread of slavery and the increase of states rights C. The annexation of Texas D. The support of the common man, the use of the spoils system, and universal white male suffrage 12. How did the Whig Party are in the 1840 election? A. The Whig Party died out due to popularity of Jackson s and Van Buren s policies B. The Whig Party lost the election but continued to be a force in politics through the Civil War C. The Whigs won the presidency but had little influence over policy D. The Whigs won the presidency and fully implemented their platform

13. Who replaced the winner of the 1840 presidential election and what was his major focus as president? A. Andrew Jackson, ridding of Native American tribes in the SE B. William Henry Harrison, solving the Panic of 1837 C. John Tyler, manifest destiny (i.e. the acquisition of Texas) D. Henry Clay, the American system Questions 14-17 refer to the following excerpt. The consequences of a speedy removal will be important to the United States, to individual States, and to the Indians themselves. The pecuniary advantages which it promises to the Government are the least of its recommendations. It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the General and State Governments on account of the Indians. It will place a dense and civilized population in large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters. By opening the whole territory between Tennessee on the north and Louisiana on the south to the settlement of the whites it will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier and render the adjacent States strong enough to repel future invasions without remote aid. It will relieve the whole State of Mississippi and the western part of Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those States to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power. --Transcript of President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830) 14. Jackson claimed that Native Americans were better off to move from the lands east of the Mississippi River in order to A. protect Native Americans from aggressive white settlers B. free lands for settlement in the West C. end Native American efforts to unite tribes east of the Mississippi River D. create a homeland for Native Americans to settle 15. Critics of Jackson would argue that his real intention in removing Native Americans was to A. protect Native Americans from aggressive white settlers B. free lands for settlement in the West C. end Native American efforts to unite tribes east of the Mississippi River D. create a homeland for Native Americans to settle 16. What attracted white settlers to Cherokee land at this time? A. Cotton B. Gold C. Iron D. A and B

17. Jackson s handling of Indian Removal led to which of the following constitutional crises for the Jackson Administration? A. President Jackson acquired the land in the west for Native American removal B. Congress overruled Jackson forcibly removing Native Americans from Georgia C. The Supreme Court overruled an act of Congress D. President Jackson disobeyed the decision of the Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia Questions 18-19 refer to the following excerpt. It is emphatically the duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity, expound and interpret the rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the Court must decide on the operation of each. If courts are to regard the Constitution, and the Constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the Constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply. John Marshall opinion, Marbury v. Madison, 1803 18. Which of the following events sparked the opinion in this case? A. The state of Maryland tried to tax the National Bank B. Adams, as a lame duck, tried to increase the number of Federalist judges C. The arrest and trial of Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the U.S. D. The election of 1800 19. What occurred as a result of the court decision? A. The Federalists increased their number of judges B. President Jefferson attempted to impeach judges that made this decision C. This decision, along with future Supreme Court rulings, established judicial review D. Congress took efforts to override future court decisions by amending the Constitution Questions 20-22 refer to the following excerpt. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States: The communications now made, showing the great and increasing dangers with which our vessels, our seamen, and merchandise are threatened on the high seas and elsewhere, from the belligerent powers of Europe, and it being of great importance to keep in safety these essential resources, I deem it my duty to recommend the subject to the consideration of Congress, who will doubtless perceive all the advantages which may be expected from an inhibition of the departure of our vessels from the ports of the United States. Their wisdom will also see the necessity of making every preparation for whatever events may grow out of the present crisis. --President Thomas Jefferson to Congress, 1807

20. How effective was the 1807 Embargo Act? A. It severely hurt the American economy and had little influence on foreign countries B. It forced the British to stop seizing American ships and impressing American citizens C. It improved the relationship with France and led them to fight on the side of the U.S. in the War of 1812 D. It damaged relations with the French and directly led to the War of 1812 21. Which region of the United States was hit hardest by the Embargo Act? A. Louisiana territory B. The Southeast C. New England D. The Chesapeake region 22. In addition to opposing the embargo, a group of Federalists later organized a meeting, known as the Hartford Convention, to propose which of the following? A. That Congress should abolish the Constitution s three-fifths clause B. That the Constitution should be amended to allow the president to declare war without congressional approval C. That there should be a prohibition against two successive presidents from the same state D. A and C Questions 23-24 refer to the following excerpt. Our policy, in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting, in all instances, the just claims of every power; submitting to injuries from none. But, in regard to those continents, circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent, without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can any one believe that our Southern Brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any form, with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States, to leave the parties to themselves, in the hope that other powers will pursue the same course. --President James Monroe, Monroe Doctrine, 1823

23. The Monroe Doctrine stated plainly that A. the United States would remain neutral in European affairs no matter what B. the United States would use force against any European nations that tried to disrupt or prevent democratic revolutions in the Western Hemisphere (including S. America) C. the United States would assist Europeans in their wars if Europeans were willing to help them fight off Native Americans in the U.S. D. All of the above 24. The Monroe Doctrine was significant in that it led to a greater A. national unity B. sectionalism and division by region C. spread of monarchy across the world D. A and C Questions 25-26 refer to the following excerpt. Are we doomed to behold our industry languish and decay yet more and more?.. there is a remedy, and that remedy consists in modifying our foreign policy, and in adopting a genuine AMERICAN SYSTEM. We must naturalize the arts in our country, and we must naturalize them by the only means which the wisdom of nations has yet discovered to be effectual by adequate protection against the otherwise overwhelming influence of foreigners. --Congressman Henry Clay, Defense of the American System speech, 1824 25. Henry Clay s American System was intended to improve/modernize the American economy through A. Protective tariffs B. Federally-built infrastructure C. A and B D. Neither A or B 26. How will some Southerners react to the American System? A. Georgia will fully embrace it due to its focus on funding the building of canals B. South Carolina will threaten secession over the raising of the Tariff of 1816 C. Jackson s Vice President, John C. Calhoun, will resign D. B and C

Part II. Short answer. 3 points each. Answer a, b, and c for three of the following questions. 1. a) Briefly explain ONE cause of the War of 1812. b) Briefly explain ONE result of the War of 1812. c) Briefly explain a SECOND result of the War of 1812. 2. a) Briefly explain ONE way that Andrew Jackson was a different presidential candidate from others who came before him. b) Briefly explain a SECOND way that Andrew Jackson was a different presidential candidate from others who came before him. c) Briefly explain ONE pivotal event of the Jackson presidency. Provide at least ONE piece of evidence to support your explanation. *Nullification Crisis *Trail of Tears *Veto of 2 nd Bank of US Choose to respond to question 3 or 4: 3. a) Briefly explain ONE example of national unity during the Era of Good Feelings. b) Briefly explain ONE additional example of national unity during the Era of Good Feelings. c) Briefly describe ONE example of sectionalism during the Era of Good Feelings. 4. a) Briefly describe the goals of ONE social reform movement between the years 1800 and 1848. b) Briefly describe the goals of ONE other social reform movement between the years 1800 and 1848. c) Briefly describe the outcome(s) of ONE social reform movement between the years 1800 and 1848.