The United States Begins Mr. Baker Humane Letters I
Reading Quiz 1. What did George Washington decide to do concerning calls for America to get involved militarily in the French Revolution? 2. Who was the first Secretary of State? 3. Who was the first Secretary of the Treasurey? 4. What was the central issue in the Whiskey Revellion? 5. What were the first two political parties? 6. Why was Jay's Treaty unpopular? 7. Who was the second President of the United States?
President Washington He takes office in April 1789 John Adams is his VP 4 million people
Roles Clarified Washington and Hamilton kicked out of Congress Presidential Cabinet forms Washington does not interfere with creation of laws
Judiciary Act of 1789 Organized the Supreme Court Chief Justice + five associates John Jay is first Chief Justice Established three Circuit Courts of Appeal Established thirteen District Courts Establishes the office of Attorney General d Edmund Randolph made first AG
The Report on the Public Credit Hamilton proposed the US pay all debts in full- over $74 million (citezens, foreign powers) The Continental Congress had paid Soldiers in bonds during the war (at times) Now they would be paid... or would they? Hamilton's plan works, and it strengthens the national government and credit of the USA A tax on Whiskey proposed... Funding = the decision to pay all of the debt in full Assumption = Federal government takes responsibility for state debt.
The Compromise of 1790 Madison did not like Hamilton's funding and assumption plans political deadlock (Hamilson almost resignes) The compromise The south supports assumption/funding the south gets federal grants for loans already paid back The national capital is moved from NY to current site (by way of Philadelphia).
The Report on a National Bank A bank was needed to: issue currency lend the government money collect and hold the governments taxes keep commerce flowing lend money to private businesses
Broad vs. Strict Constructionists Defines how one interprets the Constitution Broad Constructionist view: the government has the right to do everything Necessary and Proper to carry out any powers assigned to it by the Constitution Strict Constructionist view: The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to establish a bank
The Report on Manufacturers Hamilton's vision for America protective tarriffs mass immigration tarriff exemptions for materials needed for manufacture financing of infrastructure improvements Jefferson's vision for America an agrarian republican utopia
Roads of the 1790's
Hamilton's Legacy retiring of the war debt booming economy expansion of the size and power of the federal government at the expense of the states
The Rise of Political Parties Hamilton's plans built a national economy and it strengthened the central government But they also deeply divided the people and led to the creation of political parties The Federalists: supporters of Hamilton, a strong central government, cities and manufacturing, feared the french revolution Democratic-Republicans: followers of Jefferson and Madison, a country of farmers, fear central government, supported the French revolution
Trouble Abroad George Washington's second term begins in 1793 Britain fails to follow the 1783 Treaty Incited Indian violence American military failures Spain New Orleans and the Mississippi Creeks and Cherokees They want Tennessee and Kentucky We could not afford to go to war- Fragile
Trouble With France The French Revoultion 1789-1799 The French mob sweeps away the power of the King, Nobility and Clergy They go to war with Prussia and Austria Jacobins and the Reign of Terror World Revolution Declared Citizen Genet
Proclamation of Neutrality Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 Genet's midconduct He appealed to True republicans to support their sister republic accross the ocean He enlisted privateers to raid British ships He tried to stir up revolt in Canada He tried to organize an attack on New Orleans Bitter partisan politics
Jay's Treaty The United States barely escapes war with Great Britain American ships seized Sailors impressed War Fever sweeps the country Trade with England is almost outlawed Hamiltons financial plan depended on this trade Fur Posts and Failure
Frontier Tensions US troops crushed by Indians in ONW twice Indian resentment US wins Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greenville, 1795 awards US Indiana and Ohio, Detroit, Chicago and Vincennes
Whiskey Rebellion Farmers are upset over a whiskey tax 1794 in Western Pennsylvania They refuse to pay George Washington sends 15,000 troops to put down the rebellion This proves the power of the federal government Increases the popularity of the Republicans Washington overreacted
Pickney's Treaty Treaty with Spain Jay's treaty made the Spanish fearful Americans negotiate for Free navigation of the Mississippi Southern border of US (pg 325) Right of deposit at New Orleans
The Wilderness Road Daniel Boone Ken-Ta-Ke (Great Meadow in Cherokee) Hunter and farmer's paradise Finds the Warrior's Path - 30 axemen make it the Wilderness Road 300,000 use it in the next 25 years
Farewell Address 1796 Washington announces he will not run for a third term He urges everyone to be loyal to the union he warns against succession he warns against sectionalism He warned against entangling alliances