The Young Republic: The Early Years The Young Republic Test Packet due & test day:
The Early Nation Vocabulary Name: Define each of the following words in regards to the early development of the nation: 1. George Washington 2. John Adams 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. Judiciary Act of 1789 5. Hamilton s financial plan 6. Whiskey Rebellion 7. Neutrality Act of 1793 8. Washington s Farwell Address 9. Alien and Sedition Acts 10. Virginia and Kentucky Resolves 11. XYZ Affair 12. Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson Name: Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States, but he played many political roles throughout our nation s history. His political life influenced the country in many ways, from the founding documents to the shape of our nation on the map. His contributions include the Declaration of Independence, America s two-party political system, and the Louisiana Purchase, which added territory to our nation. Come Join the Party It s Time for a Revolution Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, which informed Great Britain that the American colonies were breaking away. Jefferson argued that King George, the leader of Great Britain, had broken an agreement between the people and the government. The Declaration said that since the king failed to protect everyone s rights, the colonies could revolt and demand a new government. Jefferson s draft listed the Americans complaints against British rule and was signed by 55 other delegates from the colonies. The document shocked the world and led to the Revolutionary War. Jefferson had very clear ideas about how he wanted the government to work. He believed in a small government with limited powers. People who agreed with his views came together and formed our first political party an organized group of people with similar political views. This party was called the Democratic-Republican Party. Another Founding Father, Alexander Hamilton, believed in a stronger national government. Hamilton and his supporters created the Federalist Party. As the new government made decisions, people took sides and the political parties grew. Political parties are important because when people with similar views act together, they have a better chance to influence the government. When Jefferson won the presidential election in 1800, it was the first time a government changed power from one party to another because of a democratic election. Jefferson would later call it the revolution of 1800. Expanding Westward A lot has changed since the 1800s, but most elections still come down to two parties. As president of the United States, Jefferson doubled the size of the country with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. France had claimed the land between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains for its own empire but had to change plans. Jefferson took advantage of this and made France an offer that they accepted. This was a little tricky, since the Constitution didn t give instructions for expansion. Eventually the purchase gained enough support, and Congress approved the deal. Fulfilling His Vision for the Country Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, established the two party system in United States politics, and oversaw the expansion of our young nation. And because he stuck to his vision for the country, he was able to lead the colonies to independence and to a political system that allows for different points of view. Jefferson s lasting impact can be seen in our founding documents and on the map of the United States. Influence Library Declaration of Independence Two Party Political System Louisiana Purchase Jefferson p.1
Thomas Jefferson Name: What a Deal! In 1803, the U.S bought the 825,000 square miles of the Louisiana Territory for $15 million. That is less than $20 per square mile. Answer the questions below about the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase 1803 1. How many states does the purchase cover today? 2. List them all here: They Said What? The Founding Fathers may have agreed to create the Constitution, but they didn t stay in agreement for long. Connect the quotes to the political party that may have said each statement. Let s imitate British aristocracy but without a king! Common people should be able to govern themselves! The Federalists Wealthy and elite men that have power and want to keep it! Merchants, bankers, and manufactures People in New England and Mid- Atlantic Coast We should be able to limit freedoms in order to keep political power. Long live freedom of speech and freedom of the press! Influence Library Democratic-Republicans Less wealthy men who wanted to gain more rights and freedoms for commoners Artists, shopkeepers, settlers, Small farm owners, and southern plantation owners Here is a political cartoon from the 1800 presidential election. It shows an eagle stopping Jefferson from destroying the Constitution. Which party do you think put out this cartoon? Jefferson p.2
The Early Nation Homework Directions: Answer the following questions using your book and brains. 1. How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 help the formation of the Judicial System? 2. Who was Alexander Hamilton and list 3 things he did during the formation of our nation? 3. What three people and positions made up the first cabinet? 4. How did Hamilton and Jefferson differ on their views of a National Bank? 5. Explain the Whiskey Rebellion and the issues it raised in the early Nation? 6. What was America s reaction to the French Revolution? 7. Who was Thomas Pinckney and why was he important? 8. Explain the relationship between Native Americans and the white settlers? 9. What was George Washington s last warning to the new nation? 10. What was the problem with the election of 1796 and how was it resolved? 11. Explain the XYZ Affair? 12. Explain the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves? 13. What is the idea of Nullification and how can it impact the country?
Name: Marshall Supreme Court Decisions Directions: Complete the graphic organizer and the key idea using the pages indicated in your textbook. Marbury v. Madison Page 199, 206-207 McCulloch v. Maryland p. 220 Gibbons v. Ogden p. 219-220 When did it take place? Who was involved in the case? The state of Maryland and the Bank of the United States What was the issue(s) being decided? What was the Supreme Court s decision in this case? What effect did this case have on the power of the national government? How did Marshall impact the role of the Judicial Branch on the Early Republic with these Court Cases?
The American Revolution & the War of 1812 American Revolution The War of 1812 Long-Term Causes Long-Term Causes Causes of the War Spark Spark British British Strategy American American British British Advantages/ Disadvantages American American Turning Point Battles & Their Impact Treaty & the Terms of the Treaty Impact/Effects of the War Essential Question: To what degree was the War of 1812 a second American Revolution?
Foundatons of American Foreign Policy Directions- Write the letter of the foreign policy on the line by the item with the best description of that policy. Next, place the list of events in chronological order at the bottom of the page. 1. Spain guaranteed American farmers the use of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit in New Orleans in an attempt to prevent Anglo-American reproachment. 2. Restored the status-quo ante-bellum when a lengthy war and protracted negotiations failed to produce a victory for either side. 3. United States stopped all foreign trade in an effort to pressure Britain and France into respecting our rights as a neutral nation. 4. United States would refrain from intervention in European affairs but would regard as an unfriendly act any attempt at further colonization in the Western Hemisphere. 5. Britain agreed to evacuate forts in the Northwest but made no concessions on impressment or violations of our rights as a neutral nation. 6. United States rejected French demands for an apology, a loan, and a bribe as a condition of negotiation. 7. United States declared war against Britain in an effort to gain Canada, an end to Indian troubles on the frontier, and respect for our rights as a neutral nation. 8. Spain ceded Florida to the United States and renounced any claim to Oregon in return for a United States renunciation of any tenuous claims we might have to Texas and $5 million in claims of Americans against the Spanish government in Florida. 9. Britain and the United States agreed to mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes. 10. United States would remain friendly and impartial toward both Britain and France rather than become embroiled in the French Revolution in the critical first years of the Republic. 11. United States purchased a huge amount of land in order to guarantee Americans permanent use of the Mississippi River. 12. Americans might sign commercial treaties with foreign nations but should steer clear of permanent alliances that might entangle this country in European conflicts. Foreign Policies: a. Adams-Onis Treaty 1. b. Proclamation of Neutrality 2. c. Monroe Doctrine 3. d. Rush-Bagot Treaty 4. e. Pinckney s Treaty 5. f. XYZ Affair 6. g. Washington s Farewell Address 7. h. Louisiana Purchase 8. i. Treaty of Ghent 9. j. Jay s Treaty 10. k. Embargo Act of 1807 11. l. War of 1812 12. Chronological Order of Events:
America: 1800 to 1824 American Territorial Expansion- Label and color each of the following: a. Original 13 States, b. Northwest Territories, c. Louisiana Purchase, d. the 8 states added to the Union from 1792 to 1819, and e. the 2 states added to the Union due to the Missouri Compromise and draw in the 36 30 line. American Foreign Policy- Label the regions impacted by the a. Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817, b. Convention of 1818, and c. Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819.
Years in office President Domestic Policies/Events Foreign Policies/Events Political Economic Social George Washington Political Party: Vice-President(s): John Adams Political Party: Vice-President(s): Thomas Jefferson Political Party: Vice-President(s): James Madison Political Party: Vice-President(s): James Monroe Political Party: Vice-President(s):
Events at Home (Domestic Affairs) Creation of Three executive departments: State: Treasury: War: The Early Nation George Washington s Presidency (1789-1797) Judiciary Act of 1789 created & other Federal Courts Alexander Hamilton s Financial Plan created to promote industry established to provide the nation with stable currency created an excise tax on to raise revenue Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey and attacked tax collectors. Washington made 15,000 militia men into federal troops and put down the rebellion. As a result, the Federal government showed its new power. Foreign Affairs Neutrality Act of 1793 said that the United States Washington s Farewell Address (1797) George Washington s final advice to the United States was that the US should (a) (b) (c) (d) But there were already two political parties: Federalists and Democratic Republicans First Political Parties Federalists Democratic-Republicans Leaders View of National Government View of the Economy Supporters Bankers and business interests in the North. Farmers, artisans, frontier settlers in the South Election of 1796, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson for the presidency, and Jefferson became the vice-pres. John Adams s Presidency (1797 --1801) Domestic Affairs Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) The President could imprison or deport aliens (citizens of other countries). People who wrote anything of a scandalous and malicious nature against the government could be imprisoned. Used to silence - The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves Virginia and Kentucky declare the Alien and Sedition Acts null because they violated the Bill of Rights Election of 1800 Adams & the Federalists against Jefferson & the Democratic-Republicans won The election of 1800, won by, was the first American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another. **
THE GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION AMERICA EXPANDS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY THE ELECTION OF 1800 (Democratic-Republican) vs. (Federalist) While Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes, he tied his running mate, Vote went to House of Reps With help from, Jefferson prevailed (Led to 12 th Amendment) MARBURY v. MADISON John Adams, attempts to pack the with Jefferson argued this was unconstitutional Supreme Court Chief Justice rules in Marbury v. Madison (1803) that part of the Judicial Act was unconstitutional Established principle of the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE - By 1803, French leader Napoleon had abandoned his dreams of an American Empire - He needed money to fight European wars, so he accepted Jefferson s offered of $15,000,000 - - LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION were commissioned by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase and look for a water route to the Pacific, an American Indian woman, served as a guide and translator EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 - Britain and France were impressing soldiers - Jefferson passed the Embargo Act which - New England threatened to succeed from the US. Put sailors out work and hurt US economy. - Failed because Britain and France found other sources
The War Of 1812 -- The Second War for American Independence Causes of the War - Both France and Britain impressed American sailors - Impressment - - War Hawks pressured US Congress - Westerners Jefferson s Response Embargo Act of 1807 New Englanders hated Jefferson ( Mad Tom ) Madison s Response James Madison elected in 1808 Realized that Embargo Act hurt US much more than France or Britain Passed the -- Re-opened trade with all nations except France and Britain Would trade with France and Britain if they would respect US neutral rights The War Hawks Call for War -- New, young Republicans came to Congress from frontier states War was the only way to--, gain Canada, and destroy Native American Resistance Problems With Native Americans Settlers pushing the Indians further west, creating more conflicts thought British were supplying arms Shawnee decided to fight back Leaders: -- attempted to unite all tribes east of the Mississippi 1811 -- Battle of Tippecanoe: War Is Declared June 18, 1812 -- Madison War was declared, before Britain s offer to stop was received Critics referred to Major Events of 1812-1813 1812 -- in three places but failed to take over -- Burned the City of York (Toronto) 1813 -- British Fleet destroyed on Major Events of 1814 Chesapeake Campaign 1814 -- -- Dolly Madison rescued valuables from the White House Battle of Fort McHenry -- British bombard Baltimore, MD -- wrote after the Battle of Fort McHenry More Events of 1814-1815 Hartford Convention --, but war ended before the convention. signed -- December 24, 1814 1815 -- Jackson and the Americans defeated the British, Jackson became a hero Militarily insignificant because the war is already over Results of the War Britain and US call it a draw -- no one wins December 1814 -- is signed Hostilities cease, all borders go back to pre-war status, all land returned to original owners US Independence is won for good
The Era of Good Feelings The Presidency of James Monroe Era of Good Feelings- Elected in 1816, effectively unopposed His term in office marks the beginning of the Nationalism ( ) was sweeping the nation American System- -- Theory of Economic Growth North South Necessary Measure for the American System to work Protective Tariffs, Improved transportation, National Banking System Protective Tariffs Protective Tariff: ; designed to make imports more expensive than domestic goods : Congress adopted a mild protective tariff; Tariff is strengthened in 1828 Improved transportation (today it is I-40) Construction of canals begins Second Bank of the U.S. The charter of the First Bank of the US expired in 1811 and was not renewed State banks took over the business of banking and printing money which makes trade difficult 1816: Congress chartered the Second Bank of the US with 25 branches Foreign Affairs Relations with Britain (1817) Britain/Canada and US agree to disarm the Great Lakes (1) joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years; (2) north Boundary of Louisiana Purchase is 49th Parallel Foreign Relations Relations with Spain (1817- ) United States sent and a army down to the Georgia-Florida border to stop the raids - ; So, he invaded Florida (1819) -- Spain gave up Florida and Spanish claims to the Oregon Territory; US took $5 million in Spanish debt and agreed to stay out of Texas Missouri Compromise-1820 Missouri territory is divided in half North of the 36 30 latitude (except Missouri) and south of the line Establishes a precedent that lasts until the Civil War: states would enter into the Union in pairs-one slave and one free Monroe Doctrine-1823 Monroe warns all European powers They are not to attempt to colonize or overthrow any newly formed nation
The First Five Presidents 1789 1825 Review Sheet Adams-Onis Treaty - Alien and Sedition Acts - American System - Bank of the US - Battle of New Orleans - Battle of Tippecanoe - Burning of Washington - Era of Good Feelings - Election of 1800 - Embargo Act of 1807 - Eli Whitney - First Cabinet - George Washington - George Washington s Horse - Hartford Convention - Henry Clay - Impressment - James Madison - James Monroe - John Adams - Judicial review - Judiciary Act of 1789 - Kentucky and Virginia Resolves - Lewis & Clark - Louisiana Purchase - Marbury v. Madison - Missouri Compromise - Monroe Doctrine -
Nationalism - Neutrality Act of 1793 - Non-Intercourse Act - Nullification Crisis - Sacagawea - Tariff of 1816 - Tecumseh - Thomas Jefferson - Treaty of Ghent - War hawks - War of 1812 - Washington s Farwell Address - Whiskey Rebellion - XYZ Affair - Three achievements for each of the first five presidents: Washington 1. 2. 3. Adams 1. 2. 3. Jefferson 1. 2. 3. Madison 1. 2. 3. Monroe 1. 2. 3.