Do Now Please open your notebook and write down the changes that occurred to men and women as a result of being in the army during World War I. Changes that occurred Saw first movie First contact with cars and trucks Shaving habits changed due to new safety razor Popularity of cigarettes over pipe or cigar because cigarettes fit into shirt pocket Use of wrist watch over pocket watch, previously seen as being effeminate What factors led America into WWI 1
The World in 1914 Pax Britannica International agreements on postage, telegraph copyrights, international time zones international trade BUT Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, secret alliances all led to Sarajevo ignition of WWI Who Fought? Russia France Triple Entente Great Britain Became Allies United States Japan Italy Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungry Later Bulgaria Turkey Von Schlieffen Plan Alfred von Schlieffen 1905 Two Front War Attack through other countries Designed to easily defeat France while holding off Russia 2
US Reaction Neutrality maintained but Romantics joined the French Foreign Legion, Lafayette Escadrille Roosevelt and Leonard Wood, army chief of staff, Americans saw the war as romantic struggle for honor and glory remembering the splendid little war Neutrality German-Americans trusted the Kaiser Irish-Americans favored anyone against the British But Most Americans eventually sided with the Allies Neutrality Issues Economic is the initial reason Trade with both sides difficult Sympathies lay with British Could no longer trade with Central Powers British blockade - British navy ruled the seas German answer - Unterseeboot 3
Submarine Warfare German blockade of England May 7, 1915 Lusitania Sunk 128 Americans killed October 1915 - Arabic Sunk - 2 Americans killed March 16, 1916 - Sussex sunk Led to Sussex Pledge Election of 1916 Wilson needed help Appointed Brandeis to Supreme Court Keatings-Owen Child Labor Bill Workers Compensation Bill Wilson attacked on foreign policy and roles in Mexico Wilson won Wilson Tries Peace without Victory speech No militarism - no secret alliances Freedom of the seas No one nation dominant in world affairs Peace without victory Limitation of land and naval armaments 4
War Germany unrestricted submarine warfare resumed Jan. 1917 Zimmerman Telegram March 1917 Wilson asked for war declaration on April 6, 1917 - US in WWI Civil Liberties during War Espionage Act - used to stamp out any dissent or those who questioned the Administration Sedition Act - prohibited anyone from saying anything against the government or war Draftees or Volunteers Initial opposition by Wilson Draft bill passed by Congress June 5, 1917 Initial age 21-31 expanded to 18-45 Poorly educated, unsophisticated men from farms and cities 5
War Experiences Read Doughboy Article American Expeditionary Force - John J. Pershing (Black Jack) Battle of Cantigny - First American victory Belleau Woods - Marines help stop German offensive Chateau-Thierry - Stop Germans in final drive for Paris Meuse-Argonne - Final American drive in WWI, Led to armistice on 11/11/18 Black Soldiers Signed up in large numbers for draft Supported by W.E.B. DuBois Prejudice still strong even in Selective Service Prohibitions existed - Jim Crow Laws, jobs, branches of service Treatment in direct opposition to stated reason for going to war Some Black regiments assigned to French units Global Influenza Pandemic Flu Pandemic at end of War 6
Paying for the War Sales of Liberty Bonds paid 4% interest War Revenue Act 1917 Inflation Federal Power Series of federal agencies created Increase in research and development Better cooperation between scientists and the government War socialism Industry and Labor National War Labor Board - Total power over both manufacturers and labor Work or be drafted Government took over factories IWW put out of business permanently Samuel Gompers and Wilson 7
Black Industrial Workers Great Migration Impact on northern cities Impact on the south Women Opened up opportunities Worked in all industries, heavy and light Farms White Collar jobs Sufferage Peace Players Wilson Henry Cabot Lodge Problems associated with politics European Powers vs. Wilson New world map Fourteen points 8
Wilson s Ending Lenin s dream vs. Wilson s ideals League of Nations and Henry Cabot Lodge, again Wilson s end 9