Guide to Delegate Preparation

Transcription

1 Guide to Delegate Preparation Mazapan Model United Nations La Ceiba, Honduras April 5-7, 2018

2 Mazapan Model United Nations

3 Mazapan Model United Nations THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that promotes international cooperation. To prevent another conflict from happening, like what occurred during World War II, the UN was founded and substituted the inefficient League of Nations. For that to happen several hundred representatives of 50 nations met on April of 1945 to establish a new and lasting global peace. However, as much expected, the world has faced many conflicts both large and small since that time; the UN s role then has been to discourage conflict and advocate for the peaceful resolution of hostilities. The UN is founded on the belief that every nation is sovereign and equal, members are to follow the obligations that they have assumed under the UN charter; such that international disputes are to be resolved peacefully. The purposes of the organization, in reference to Article I of the UN Charter, are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples. 3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion 4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. The UN Headquarter located in New York is assembled into six organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and the Secretariat. The General Assembly Committee serves primarily as a forum for discussing general issues concerning international peace and security and international collaboration in economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields. Being also able to establish other bodies to study and report on specific issues. Security Council Committee is in charge of keeping international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purpose of the UN. Being composed of five permanent members and ten non-permanent members elected for two-years terms. The Security Council is also able to direct the use of economic sanctions and military force.

4 Mazapan Model United Nations The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is formed of 54 member states and consists of a large number of commissions, agencies, and other bodies. It s function is serving as the main forum to discuss international economic and social issues. ECOSOC is able to conduct studies, make policy recommendations, call international conferences, consult with non-governmental organizations, and prepare draft convention for submission to the General Assembly all to be able to assure the promotion of respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms. The Secretariat has the responsibility of countless of administrative and clerical duties such as managing the logistic of peacekeeping operations and making surveys. The Secretary-General who is assisted by a staff of international civil servants leads the Secretariat.

5 Mazapan Model United Nations The MMUN secretariat is composed of Mazapan juniors and seniors who have demonstrated commitment to the MUN organization at Mazapan and who display outstanding leadership qualities. The secretariat is fully supported by the other members of the Mazapan MUN organization and each secretary-general heads a committee charged with specific tasks and duties. The roles of each of the member are described as follows: The Secretary-General leads the rest of the members of the secretariat and chairs both plenary sessions of the General Assembly. Furthermore, he along with his staff, is responsible for the conference schedule, official correspondence, delegate handbook, training chairs, reviewing background guides, position papers and resolutions submissions, and awards criteria and procedures. The Under-Secretary-General of Delegations is in charge of the MMUN s website, registration, communication with advisors/head delegates, ambassadors to delegations, and feedback maintenance. Any inquiries pertaining to accommodations while in La Ceiba will be fielded by him. The Under-Secretary-General of Conference Services is in charge of the logistics of the conference. This includes catering, entertainment, banners, MMUN 2017 t-shirts, and all materials used during the conference (placards, pins, pens, awards, etc.) The Under-Secretary-General of Finances is in charge of managing the expenses of the conference. She manages the conference s budget, fees, purchases as well as fundraisers and donations. THE COMMITTEES OF MMUN 2018 This 2018 conference will have ten committees in total chaired by selected Mazapan juniors and seniors from the leadership of the Mazapan MUN organization. Chairs are highly knowledgeable with respect to the rules of committee procedure and have had at least two years experience in the MUN format.the committees are listed below: SECURITY COUNCIL SPECPOL - Special Political & Decolonization DISEC - Disarmament and International Security WHO - World Health Organization UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime

6 Mazapan Model United Nations UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHRC - United Nations Human Rights Council UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization SOCHUM - Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund OAS - Organization of American States All delegates will be assigned a committee and country which they will represent both in that committee and in the plenary sessions of the General Assembly. It is essential that delegates become familiarized with and experts in the positions their assigned country takes on given committee topics. Delegates are representing their country s positions, not their own.

7 Mazapan Model United Nations CONFERENCE SCHEDULE Delegate Schedule Day 1 1:00-3:30 Registration 4:00-5:15 Opening Plenary Session/ Key-Note Address 5:30-7:00 First Session 7:15-10:00 Dinner and Delegate Party Day 2 8:00-9:00 Second Session 9:00-9:30 Break 9:30-11:30 Third Session 11:30-1:00 Lunch 1:00-2:30 Fourth Session 2:30-3:00 Break 3:00-4:30 Fifth Session 4:30-6:00 Talent Show Day 3 8:00-9:15 Sixth Session 9:15-9:30 Break 9:30-10:45 Seventh Session 10:45-11:00 Break 11:00-12:00 Eighth Session 12:00-1:15 Closing Plenary Session/Awards Ceremony 1:15 Lunch Dress Code In simulation of the United Nations, we strive for professionalism in all aspects of the conference. Delegates are expected to follow a dress code during all committee sessions and conference events. At most times, the prevailing dress code will be Western business attire, although national attire and religious attire are also permitted. The rules of Western business attire are as follows: Men must wear a suit or a jacket and dress pants (no jeans or cargo pants) with a dress shirt and tie. Socks and dress shoes must be worn. No hats or caps will be allowed. Women must wear a dress, suit, dress slacks (no jeans) or skirt of appropriate length (knee-length or longer) with a blouse or sweater. Dress shoes must be worn. At all times, we ask that delegates and faculty advisors exercise good sense when interpreting the dress code. When casual attire is permitted, basic rules of propriety will still apply. Delegates

8 Mazapan Model United Nations who are dressed inappropriately for any event may be asked to return to their rooms to change into more appropriate attire. Awards Policy We at MUN are primarily concerned with providing each delegate an enjoyable and educational experience. We believe firmly that this conference is an opportunity for students to learn about international relations, public speaking, and the challenges of high-stakes diplomacy through first-hand experience. Above all else, we hope that delegates leave the conference as better informed global citizens who are better able to engage others in conversations about important world issues than when they first arrived. However, we also value the recognition of students and delegations that have contributed to the conference in exemplary ways. At Closing Ceremonies, the Secretariat will announce individual and delegation awards. Each committee chair, in consultation with his or her committee staff, will determine individual awards on the basis of the following criteria: Quality of position papers Knowledge of committee topics Knowledge and representation of the nation s interests and policies Skill and effectiveness in caucusing, writing amendments and resolutions, and debate (both formal and informal) Ability to work with and persuade other delegates through in-depth explanations and convincing arguments Ability to develop pragmatic and actionable solutions. Using the preceding criteria and as well as a rubric that will be made available on the website; the following awards will be given: Per Committee: Best Delegate Outstanding Delegate Honorable Mention The Secretariat in consultation with faculty advisers will award the following awards utilizing a rubric that will be made available on the website: Conference-Wide: Best Delegate Outstanding Delegate Honorable Mention Best Delegation Outstanding Delegation

9 Mazapan Model United Nations Best Chairs Outstanding Chairs Plagiarism We at MMUN acknowledge that the open exchange of ideas plays a crucial role in debate. Yet, it is important for all delegates to acknowledge clearly when they have relied upon or incorporated the work of others. It is expected that all materials submitted to the committee staff before and during the conference will be the delegates own work. Delegates should always take great care to distinguish their own ideas and knowledge from information derived from sources through the proper citation of all quoted and paraphrased material. Delegates who are in any doubt should consult their faculty advisor, Director, or a member of the Secretariat before the work is prepared or submitted. Delegates who, for whatever reason, submit work that is not their own without clear attribution to its sources will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including notification of faculty advisors, forfeiture of individual or delegation awards, expulsion from the conference, and/or disqualification from future attendance at MUN. All documents submitted to the dais will be vetted for plagiarism, but any suspicions regarding an infraction of the plagiarism policy should be brought to the immediate attention of the committee Director. Technology Policy We recognize that technology is an indispensable part of the research, debate and resolution process to that end we will permit the use of laptops outside of committee and during the resolution-writing process. Technology use for resolution-writing only will be entirely at the discretion of the chair and violation of this rule may result in severe consequences. Chairs will not permit the use of mobile phones in committee for texting or calls, unless in an emergency. Texting between delegates is a violation of note protocols. Note-passing will be with paper and notepads will be provided for delegates. The Internet will be available and delegates will be provided with passwords - ipads or similar tablets are not recommended. Advisers It is against MMUN protocol for advisers to coach delegates on the floor of the committees or the general assembly. The role of the advisers during the conference is that of observers and to assist the secretariat in the awards rubric and in maintaining proper decorum during the conference.

10 Mazapan Model United Nations CONFERENCE PREPARATION General Research and Preparation There are three important aspects of delegate preparation: functional, substantive, and positional preparation. Functional preparation implements the delegates with basic tools, including an understanding of the rules necessary to perform in committee. The substantive element provides a preparation of specific information on the topic areas. Finally, positional preparation requires the students to embrace perspectives that are not their own. With this in mind, the MMUN Secretariat provides tools to aid you: this Guide to Delegate Preparation, and position papers. Together, these will ensure you will be ready for the conference. Beyond reading and understanding the material we have provided, the more practical experience you can acquire through debate, resolution-writing, making presentations, and the like, the better prepared you will be. Functional Preparation In order to perform in committee, delegates must have an understanding of the basic structural elements of model UN. This Guide to Delegate Preparation covers most of that information. Here, you may find an overview of the UN system and MMUN structure, the Rules of Procedure, and the resolution writing process. Mazapan Model United Nations views the application of rules primarily as a means to the end of a smoothly functioning committee, and secondarily as an indicator of delegate performance. Mock sessions in the classroom or club and other practice can be very useful in learning these rules. Substantive Preparation The Background Guides are a result of extensive research and effort. We suggest that you read them, discuss them, and read them again. If a delegate has not read and absorbed the information in the Background Guide, he or she will not be able to contribute effectively to the committee. An early start on the Background Guides will help you to fully understand the topics and begin to come up with your own ideas. Remind yourself that you must act as policy makers, analyzing and molding the information you have received into solutions and resolutions. Discussions with other delegates will also help you develop your ideas. While the Background Guide will provide most of your substantive preparation, independent research is useful, rewarding and necessary for a successful conference. Research on the topic areas should be carried out in conjunction with the exploration of country policies and position papers. Positional Preparation MMUN requires delegates to adopt the position of a specific country throughout the United Nations simulation. This is a key element of the international experience of model UN as it

11 Mazapan Model United Nations forces delegates to examine the perspectives, problems, and policies of another country at a very fundamental level. It is also one of the most difficult aspects of MUN because students must confront inherent biases of their own national perspectives and historical information. The position papers are the focus of positional preparation before the conference. It gives you practice in the UN style of writing and policy-making. Position Papers Once you have completed your preliminary research, you are ready to write your position paper. Unless otherwise indicated in the respective committee background guide, MMUN requires delegates to write one single-spaced page paper for each topic area. Each position paper has three basic parts: your country s national interests, your country s national policies, and your opinion on potential resolution components. National interests are what a country would like to see happen in the world (e.g. Angola, a lesser developed country troubled by terrorism, wants to reduce the incidence of terrorism to stabilize its government). These interests are not subject to compromise, but instead generally idealized goals or methods of solving specific problems. National policies are the country s attempts to secure its interests (e.g. Angola, in an effort to combat terrorism, has sought to enter into new extradition treaties). These policy positions are usually open to negotiation. Your opinions on potential resolution components are your responses to the Proposed Solutions and Questions a Resolution Must Answer sections of the Background Guide. Although these sections provide flexibility, you need to keep in mind the interests of your nation. Possible resolutions must be consistent with your country s national interests and current national policies (e.g. Angola feels that any resolution on the prevention of terrorism must assign to the injured state the right to try the terrorists. In addition, Angola would not be averse to the establishment of an international information network on terrorism. Angola, however, will not support any resolution that allows terrorist acts to be protected from extradition under the political offense exception doctrine). Writing position papers benefits you in many ways. The staff and delegates read the position papers and summarize them in order to gauge what the committee will be like and to see which delegates have done a good job preparing for the conference. You also have a chance to find out who is likely to support your ideas. Most importantly, writing a position paper makes you think about the information you have researched and helps you to express ideas concisely and clearly, making you better prepared for the conference.

12 Mazapan Model United Nations How to Write a Position Paper A position paper should include three sections, outlined below: A. Background of the Topic In your country s opinion, what are the main elements of the problem? What are the roots of those elements? B. Position taken by your delegation What are your national interests in the situation? What are your nation s policies on the topic? What steps would you like to see taken to deal with the problem? C. Proposed Solutions What does your nation believe needs to be done to solve the problem? What do you predict will be the main opposition to your proposals? Position papers should roughly adhere to the following form, with the country, the committee, and the topic. Please limit each topic area to one single-spaced typed page

13 Mazapan Model United Nations RULES OF PROCEDURE Plenary Session of the General Assembly General Considerations 1. Scope: These rules apply to the General Assembly Plenary Sessions 2. Language: English will be the official and working language of the conference. 3. Chairpersons: The Board of the General Assembly Plenary Sessions shall be composed of the Secretary General of the United Nations and the three Under-Secretaries-General. 4. Competence of the Chairpersons: The competence of the Chairpersons may not be questioned by delegates. 5. All delegates are obliged to attend the Opening and Closing Plenary Sessions of the General Assembly and have the right to participate in all procedures and shall have voting and speaking rights, even if their committee does not pertain to the General Assembly. All delegations shall vote on all draft resolutions under consideration through their Ambassador. In the case that the ambassador is absent, another member of the delegation will have to represent the state casting a vote at the request of the Chairperson. Opening Plenary Session The work of the conference officially begins with the Opening Plenary Session of the General Assembly. 6. Overview: The Chairperson announces the the beginning of the session and entertains a motion to verify the quorum. All delegations will have an assigned ambassador (head delegates of each school) who will deliver a speech during the opening ceremony. After the verification of the quorum the Ambassadors of a selected number of delegations will issue their opening statements. Each ambassador will have a maximum of 1 minute to address the plenary session. After the conclusion of 5 speeches, the Chairperson will entertain up to two (2) rights of reply, if necessary, on the grounds described below. The Chairperson s decision is not subject to appeal. After the opening statements of all the Ambassadors, the Chairperson will adjourn the meeting. 7. Quorum: All delegations participating in MMUN take part in the Opening Plenary Session of the General Assembly. The session may begin when at least ½ of the delegations attending the conference are present, which will be verified by a Roll Call carried out by the Secretariat. If quorum is not met thirty (30) minutes after the scheduled starting time of the plenary session, it is at the discretion of MMUN Secretariat to decide whether to start the session with the delegations present at that time. Delegations arriving during or after the Roll Call are required to send a note to the Secretariat stating their presence in the General Assembly. As long as participants have not informed the Chairperson of their arrival they will not be recognized or allowed to vote. The

14 Mazapan Model United Nations Chairperson may at any time, and especially before entering voting procedures, revisit the quorum at his/her own discretion. 8. Motion to Verify the Quorum: Delegations may propose a Motion for the Verification of Quorum, where the Secretariat will proceed to verify the quorum via Roll Call. The Chairperson can rule the Motion dilatory without option for appeal. Rules of Procedure 9. Opening Speeches: Each delegation will have an Ambassador previously assigned by the Secretariat. A certain number of Ambassadors selected by the Secretariat will be called upon to deliver an opening speech in the Opening Session of the General Assembly. Speeches may not exceed one (1) minute and may not be interrupted. The speech should summarize the delegations perspective and policy on the most urgent matters at hand within the conference with emphasis given to the agenda of the conference. 10. Rights of Reply: A Delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another Delegate s comments may rise to a Right of Reply. Disagreement with the content of a Delegate's speech does not constitute sufficient justification for a Right of Reply. The Chairperson will recognize the Right of Reply at his/her discretion as well as decide on how to resolve the motion. This point may not interrupt a speaker but should be addressed immediately after the conclusion of every speech. After the conclusion of five (5) speeches, the Chairperson will rule on the requested rights of reply and decide which two (2) will be entertained. Should the Chairperson overrule the Right of Reply, his/her decision cannot be appealed. No delegate may call for a Right of Reply to a Right of Reply. 11. Right of Reply: It is a statement of the delegation concerning one of the former 5 speeches that were heard. Closing Plenary Session 12. Overview:The Chairperson of the General Assembly announces the beginning of the session and entertains a motion to verify the quorum. After the verification of the quorum, the Chairperson announces that only the draft resolutions of the DISEC, SPECPOL and SOCHUM will be presented and voted upon by the Assembly. Then, the Chairperson will entertain a motion for the introduction of the first draft. The sponsor of the draft will read out the operative clauses of the draft resolution. After the presentation of the draft, the sponsor will have a maximum of five (5) minutes to support the document. Then, the Chairperson will entertain one (1) speaker in favour and one (1) speaker against the draft. Each one will have one (1) minute. At this point, unless decided otherwise, the floor will open for points and motions launching a debate on the document. After debate upon the Topic Area has been closed, voting procedures will follow. After the presentation, discussion and voting on all the drafts, the Chairperson will adjourn the session.

15 Mazapan Model United Nations Rules of Procedure 13. Quorum: See above in the rules of procedure of the opening plenary session 14. Authority of the Secretariat: The Chairperson s decisions are final and cannot be appealed. 15. Order of Consideration of Committees in the Closing Session of the General Assembly: The plenary session will discuss the draft resolutions in the following order: DISEC, SPECPOL and SOCHUM. A different order of consideration may be decided by the President, should it be deemed necessary. His/her decision may not be appealed. At the discretion of the Secretariat, the reports of the Security Council, WHO, the UNHRC, the OAS, the UNESCO, the UNHCR, UNICEF and the UNODC may also be presented to the General Assembly in that respective order. 16. Essential Comments: Draft Resolutions will not need additional signatures in order to be considered by the General Assembly. If a draft resolution before the Combined Plenary fails, it may not be reconsidered. If a draft resolution at the Combined Plenary passes, it is considered to be adopted by the Organization. 17. Introduction of a Draft Resolution: A Delegation may propose a Motion to Introduce a Draft Resolution. After the verification of the Quorum the Chairperson may entertain a Motion to Introduce the Draft Resolution, requiring simple majority. Once the Motion has passed, the Chairperson shall invite the Sponsor of the Draft Resolution to read out only the operative clauses of the Draft Resolution to the General Assembly. The Sponsor or one of the Signatories will then be recognized for five (5) minutes to speak in favour of the Draft Resolution. The Speaker may yield his/her remaining time to Questions or to another Delegate if he/she wishes to do so. After this introduction, the Chairperson will entertain one (1) speaker in favour and one (1) speaker against the Draft Resolution. Following these speeches, the Chairperson may open the floor for points or motions at his/her discretion. 18. Motion for a Moderated Caucus: A delegation may propose a Motion for a Moderated Caucus indicating the total duration of the proposed caucus, the proposed individual speaking time for each speaker and the purpose of the Motion. The Chairperson may suggest a more appropriate duration, speaker s time or purpose, or may overrule the Moderated Caucus without possibility of appeal. If the Motion passes, the General Assembly will enter the caucus whereby the Chairperson will recognize at his/her discretion Delegates who raise their placards to speak on the issue at hand. 19. Motion to Extend the Moderated Caucus: A Delegation may propose a Motion to Extend the Moderated Caucus if he/she feels that additional time benefits the work of the General Assembly. The Delegation proposing an Extension of the Moderated Caucus must suggest duration for the extension, not exceeding the initial Moderated Caucus. The individual speaker s time and the purpose of the Caucus remain the same. The Chairperson may suggest a more appropriate total duration and put the motion to vote or

16 Mazapan Model United Nations may overrule the Motion without possibility for appeal. Only one extension of a Moderated Caucus is allowed. 20. Motion to Close Debate on the Topic Area under Discussion: A Delegation may propose a Motion to Close Debate in order to end Debate on the Topic Area under Discussion, whereby the General Assembly will enter immediately voting procedures on a certain Draft Resolution on the floor. If the Chairperson rules the Motion in order, it is at his/her discretion to entertain one (1) speaker in favor and one (1) speaker against the Motion. This motion requires 2/3 majority in order to pass. Points All points listed below, except for Point of Personal Privilege, are not allowed to interrupt a speaker. Point of Order and Point of Parliamentary Inquiry are in order during Formal and Informal Debate, at any given time, provided that they do not interrupt a speaker. Right of Reply is in order only during Formal Debate. 21. Point of Personal Privilege: A Delegate may rise to a Point of Personal Privilege if a matter impairs the Delegate's participation in the activities of the Plenary. The Chairperson shall try to effectively address the source of impairment. A Point of Personal Privilege can interrupt the speaker in any case. However, this motion should be used with the utmost discretion. 22. Point of Order: A Delegate may rise to a Point of Order if a Rule of Procedure is not properly observed by a Delegate or by the Chairperson. The President will rule on the validity of the point immediately. A Delegate rising to a Point of Order may not comment on the topic of the discussion. A Point of Order ruled dilatory by the Chairperson may not be appealed. This point may not interrupt a Speaker. 23. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: A Delegate may rise to a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry requesting an explanation from the Chairperson on the Rules of Procedure. This point may not interrupt a Speaker. 24. Right of Reply: A Delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another Delegate s comments may rise to a Right of Reply. Disagreement with the content of a Delegate's speech does not constitute sufficient justification for a Right of Reply. The Chairperson will recognize the Right of Reply at his/her discretion as well as decide on how to resolve the motion. This point may not interrupt a speaker but should be addressed the moment he/she has finished his/her speech. Should the Chairperson rule the Right of Reply out of order, his/her decision cannot be appealed. No delegate may call for a Right of Reply on a Right of Reply. Voting Procedure When the Chairperson announces that the General Assembly is entering voting procedure, no entering or exiting from the room will be permitted, unless there is an emergency or until the

17 Mazapan Model United Nations voting procedure has come to an end. Note passing is suspended. At this time, Motions to Split the House, Divide the Question or Roll Call Voting are in order. 25. Method of Voting: Each Delegation of the General Assembly has one vote and must demonstrate their voting intentions by raising their placard at the Chairperson's request, unless there is a Roll Call vote (see below). Delegations must vote in favour or against on procedural matters and in favour, against or abstain on substantive matters. An option of voting with Rights or passing is also available. No Delegation shall vote on behalf of another Delegation. Abstentions are not counted as negative votes. 26. Roll Call Vote: Motions to vote by Roll Call are in order primarily for substantive matters. This Motion is automatically accepted unless the Chairperson rules it out of order; the decision is not subject to appeal. The Roll Call starts from a Delegation, randomly selected by the Chairperson. 27. Passing: During Roll Call, a Delegation may choose to pass. The Chairperson will place the Delegation at the bottom of the voting list. A Delegation who has passed once during a voting sequence may not pass again or abstain, but must ascertain their vote. A Delegation who has passed cannot vote with Rights. 28. Voting with Rights: A Delegation may request a right of explanation after voting only in case they are differentiating their vote in the Plenary from their vote in the respective Committee. No such voting option will be granted in any other circumstance. Upon completion of voting, and after the Delegations who passed have ascertained their vote, the Secretariat will allow those voting with rights to explain their vote. The Chairperson may limit the speaking time at his/her discretion or may decide not to entertain rights due to time constraints. 29. Motion to Split the House: The Motion to Split the House is in order when the Delegation proposing this Motion wishes to exclude abstention from the voting options during the final vote on the Draft Resolution. This Motion has to be proposed immediately after the General Assembly Closes Debate and enters Voting Procedure. The motion requires 2/3 majority in order to pass. Once the Motion passes, Delegations shall not be allowed to abstain during the voting of the Resolution. 30. Motion to Divide the Question: Prior to the start of the voting procedure on a Draft Resolution, a Delegation may rise to a Motion to Divide the Question in order to vote on an individual operative clause, a group of operative clauses or clause by clause. A Delegation must specify how they wish to divide the operative clauses. Should there be more than one Motion to divide the question on the floor, the General Assembly shall vote upon the Motions, starting from the most disruptive one. The President shall take one (1) Speaker in favour and one (1) Speaker against the first Motion to Divide the Question for a speaking time of one (1) minute each. The Motion requires 2/3 majority in order to pass. If the Motion passes, subsequent Motions to Divide the Question will be ruled dilatory and the General Assembly will proceed to voting on the Draft Resolution in

18 Mazapan Model United Nations the manner suggested by the Motion. If the Motion fails, the remaining Motions will be considered in accordance with the above procedure. The divided section that fails during voting will be taken out of the final Draft Resolution; only those sections that have passed will remain. Subsequently, the General Assembly will proceed to vote on the new final Draft Resolution as a whole. 31. Motion to Retake the Vote: The Motion to Retake the vote is in order when the result of the vote on the Resolution ends with a difference of one (1) or a tie. The Motion automatically passes, unless the Chairperson deems it dilatory, and the General Assembly enters informal debate for a short period of time, defined by the Secretariat. After the caucus, the vote shall be retaken and the result of the second vote shall be considered as final. No further Motions to retake the vote shall be entertained. Should the second vote end in tie, the results of the previous vote shall be considered final and shall not be subject to another motion to retake vote. In case the initial vote is a tie as well, the matter is considered to have failed. 32. Motion to Adjourn the Session: A Delegation may rise to a Motion to Adjourn the Session in order to cease permanently all General Assembly Plenary activities. The Chairperson may rule the Motion out of order without possibility of appeal or putting it to vote. This motion requires 2/3 majority in order to pass. This motion will only be entertained at the end of the conference after all the matters have been properly discussed by the Assembly. General Rules of Committee 33. Scope: These rules apply to all committees. 34. Language: English will be the official and working language of the conference. 35. Delegations: Each member state will be represented by one or two delegates and shall have one vote on each committee. Representatives of accredited observers will have the same rights as those of full member states, except that they may not sign or vote on resolutions or amendments. The Secretary-General will provide a list of member states and accredited observers for each committee to the Director, which may be released upon request. 36. Participation of Non-Members: A guest speaker, expert witness, or representative of an entity that is neither a member of the committee nor an accredited observer may address a committee only with the prior approval of the Director. 37. Credentials: The credentials of all delegations have been accepted upon registration. The Secretary-General shall be the final arbiter of the validity of all credentials. Any representative to whose admission a member objects will provisionally be seated with the same rights as other representatives, pending a decision from the Secretary-General.

19 Mazapan Model United Nations Statements by the Secretariat: The Secretary-General or a member of the Secretariat whom he or she designates may make either written or oral statements to the committee at any time. 39. General Powers of the Committee Staff: The Director will have complete control of the proceedings at any meeting. The Director will declare the opening and closing of each meeting and may propose the adoption of any procedural motion to which there is no significant objection. The Moderator will direct discussions, accord the right to speak, put questions, announce decisions, rule on points of order, and ensure and enforce the observance of these rules. The Moderator may temporarily transfer his duties to another member of the committee staff or other designees of the Director. Committee staff members may also advise delegations on the course of debate. In the exercise of these functions, the committee staff will be at all times subject to these rules and responsible to the Secretary-General. 40. Appeal: Any decision of the Moderator, with the exception of those matters for which the MMUNS Rules of Procedure explicitly prohibit appeal, may be appealed immediately by a delegate. The Moderator may speak briefly in defense of the ruling. The appeal will then be put to a vote, and the decision of the Moderator will stand unless overruled by a two-thirds majority. Whether appealed successfully or not the Director has ultimate discretion on any ruling 41. Quorum: The Director may declare a committee open and permit debate to proceed when at least one-fourth of the voting members of the committee is present. A member of the committee is considered present if at least one delegate representing that member is in the committee chamber. The presence of a majority of the members will be required for a vote. A quorum will be assumed to be present unless specifically challenged by a point of order and shown to be absent. A roll call is never required to determine the presence of a quorum. 42. Courtesy: Delegates will show courtesy and respect to the committee staff and to other delegates. Delegates who fail to comply to this rule the Moderator will immediately call to order. 43. Electronic Devices: No laptops, tablets, cell phones, or other electronic devices may be used in the committee room during formal debate or moderated caucus. Computers are allowed outside the committee room or in the committee room during unmoderated caucus at the discretion of the Director. Rules Governing Debate 44. Agenda: The first order of business for the committee, if the committee has more than one topic area to discuss, will be the consideration of the agenda. If the committee has only one topic area, the agenda is automatically adopted. To set the agenda:

20 Mazapan Model United Nations a. A motion should be made to set the agenda to one of the committee s topic areas as stated by the Director in the committee background guide. b. Two speakers lists will be established: one in favor of the motion, and one opposed to the motion and in favor of the other topic. The committee will hear alternating speakers from these lists. No motions for moderated or unmoderated caucuses are permitted during this time. c. A motion to close debate will be in order after the committee has heard at least two speakers for the motion and two against, or when one of the speakers lists is exhausted. The Moderator will recognize two speakers against the motion to close debate, and a two-thirds majority is required for closure of debate on the agenda. d. When debate is closed, the committee will proceed to an immediate vote on the motion. A simple majority is required for passage. If the motion fails, the other Topic Area will automatically be placed before the committee. e. When voting procedure is complete on the first topic area, the second topic area is automatically placed before the committee. f. In the event of an international crisis or emergency, the Secretary-General or its representative may call upon a committee to a table date on the current topia are so the more urgent matter can be attended to immediately. Under these circumstances, a delegate may motion to table the topic and set the agenda to the crisis situation. After a resolution has been passed, the committee will return to debate on the tabled topic. Until a resolution has passed, the committee may return to debate on the tabled topic area on only at the discretion of the Secretary-General or its representative. 45. Debate: After the agenda has been determined, the open speakers list will be established for the duration of the topic area, except as interrupted by procedural points or motions, debates, discussion of amendments, and introduction of draft resolutions. Speakers may speak generally on the topic area being considered and may address any working paper or any draft resolution currently on the floor. A draft resolution can only be referred to as such once it has been introduced to the committee. 46. Unmoderated Debate: An unmoderated debate temporarily suspends formal debate and allows members to discuss ideas informally in the committee room. A motion for an unmoderated debate is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must briefly explain the purpose of the motion and specify a time limit for the debate, not to exceed twenty minutes. The motion will be put to a vote immediately, and a majority of votes will decide if it will pass. The Moderator may rule the motion but his or her decision is not subject to appeal. The Moderator may prematurely end an unmoderated debate if the Moderator feels that the debate has ceased to be productive, and this decision is not subject to appeal.

21 Mazapan Model United Nations Moderated Debate: The purpose of the moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at critical junctures in the discussion. A motion for a moderated debate is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must briefly specify a topic, a speaking time, and an overall time limit, not to exceed twenty minutes, for the caucus. Once raised, the motion will be voted on immediately, with a simple majority required for passage. The Moderator may rule the motion dilatory and his or her decision is not subject to appeal. If the motion passes, the Moderator will call on delegates to speak at his or her discretion for the stipulated time. Only speeches will be counted against the overall time of the debate, and each speech will be counted as taking up the full duration of the speaking time. If no delegates wish to speak, the moderated debate will immediately conclude, even if time remains in the caucus. The moderator may also decide, subject to appeal, to suspend the debate early. 48. Closure of Debate: When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on the substantive or procedural matter under discussion. The Moderator may, subject to appeal, rule such a motion dilatory. When closure of debate is moved, the Moderator may recognize up to two speakers against the motion. No speaker in favor of the motion will be recognized. Closure of debate requires a two-thirds majority to pass. If the committee is in favor of closure, the Moderator will declare the closure of debate, and the resolutions or amendment on the floor will be brought to an immediate vote. If the speakers list is exhausted and no delegations wish to add their name to the list, debate on the topic at hand is immediately closed. 49. Suspension or Adjournment of the Meeting: Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for the suspension of the meeting, to suspend all committee functions until the next meeting, or for the adjournment of the meeting, to suspend all committee functions for the duration of the conference. A motion to adjourn will not be in order until three quarters of the time scheduled for the last session have elapsed. The Moderator may rule such motions slow to act; this decision is not subject to appeal. When in order, such a motion will not be debated but will be immediately put to a vote and requires a simple majority to pass. 50. Postponement and Resumption of Debate: Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for the postponement of debate on a resolution or amendment currently on the floor. The motion, otherwise known as tabling, will require a two-thirds majority to pass and will be debated by two speakers in favor and two opposed. A debate or action will be allowed on any resolution in which debate has been postponed, and if a resolution has not been resumen before debate is closed, then it may not be voted upon. A motion to resume debate on an amendment or resolution on which debate has been postponed will require a simple majority to pass and will be debated by two speakers in favor and two opposed. Resumption of debate will cancel the effects of postponement of debate.

22 Mazapan Model United Nations Rules Governing Speeches 51. Speakers List: The committee will have an open speakers list for the topic area that is being discussed. A separate speaker s list will be established as needed for each motion to set the agenda and debate on amendments. A delegation present may add its name to the speakers list by submitting a request in writing to the dais, only if that delegation is not already in the speakers list, and may remove their delegation from the list by sending a request in writing. At the Moderator s discretions (usually when a new speakers list is opened) he or she may solicit nations to be added to the speakers list by raising their placard. The second Topic Area s speakers list will not be opened until the committee has proceeded to that topic. 52. Speeches: No delegate may address a session without having obtained the permission of the Moderator. The Moderator may call a speaker to order if that delegation s order is not relevant to the subject being discussed, or may be offensive to committee members or staff. Delegates who are absent when recognized by the dais forfeit their time, and the debate will move on. 53. Speaking Time: When speakers list is opened, the speaking time is set to one minute. Delegates may make a motion to set a new speaking time at any time when the points or motion are in order during the formal debate. In order for this to pass it need a majority vote. 54. Yields:A delegate granted the right to speak from a speakers list may yield, after speaking, to another delegate, to questions, or to the dais. a. Yield to another delegate:remaining time will be given to that delegate. That delegate will not be allowed to yield any time to a third delegate. To turn the floor over to a co-delegate is not considered a yield. b. Yield to questions: Moderator will select the questioners and are limited to one question each. Follow-up questions will be allowed at the Moderator s discretions. The speaker s answers to questions will be deducted from the speaker s remaining time. c. Yield to the Chair:Yield is made only if the delegate has finished speaking and does not wish to yield to another delegate and does not wish to yield to questions. Also does not wish that the delegate s speech not be subject to comments. Moderator will move to the next speaker. A yield to the Chair is in order (not automatically) when a speaker s time has elapsed. d. Yields are in order only on substantive speeches and not during moderated debate. 55. Comments: If a meaningful and essential speech is followed by no yields, the Moderator may recognize two delegations, other than the initial speakers, to comment for thirty seconds each on the specific content of the speech just made. Delegates who comment

23 Mazapan Model United Nations may not yield. Comments are not allowed during debate on procedural motions, moderated debate, or debate on amendments. 56. Right of Reply: A delegate whose personal or national integrity has been attacked on by another delegate may request in writing a Right of Reply. If granted it will be in the form of a thirty-second speech. The Moderator s decision whether to grant the Right of Reply cannot be appealed. A delegate granted a Right of Reply will not address the committee until requested by the Moderator. Points 57. Point of Personal Privilege: Whenever a delegate feels uncomfortable which enabled him or her to not participate in the proceeding, the delegate may ask for a personal privilege request so the discomfort be corrected. A point of personal privilege may interrupt a speaker, but delegates should only use this with utmost discretion. 58. Point of Order: During any discussion, a delegate may ask for a point of order to point out an improper use of parliamentary procedure. The point of order will be immediately ruled upon by the Moderator in accordance with these Rules of Procedure. Moderator can rule out any points that are dilatory of impropers; such decision cannot by appealed. A representative rising to a point of order may not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion. A point of order may interrupt a speaker only when the speak is not following parliamentary procedure. 59. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: When floor is opened, a delegate may rise to a point of parliamentary inquiry to ask the Moderator a question regarding Rules of Procedure. A point of parliamentary inquiry should never interrupt a speaker. Delegate with substantial question should not rise and may approach the committee staff at an appropriate time. Rules Governing Substantive Matters 60. Working Papers:Delegates may propose working papers for committee consideration. Working papers are intended to help the committee in the discussion and formulation of resolutions and do not need to be written in resolution format. These are not official document and do not require formal introduction. Working papers do require the signature of the Director to be copied and distributed. Working papers do not have signatories. 61. Resolutions: A resolution may be introduced when it received approval of the director and approval of the majority vote from the delegates. Resolutions requires a simple majority vote to pass unless stated otherwise in a specific committee rule. 62. Introducing Resolutions: Once a resolution has been approved, a delegate may make a motion to introduce the resolution. This motion requires authorization from the Moderator and does not require a substantive vote. The dais staff may choose to read the