American Government. Chapter 11. The Presidency

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1 American Government Chapter 11 The Presidency

2 The Myth of the All-Powerful President The Imagined Presidency Ceremonial Figurehead and Government Leader

3 Core of the Analysis How did the president transform from chief clerk of the government, to a formidable political actor in Washington? Does a president s ability to sway public opinion help them deal with Congress? Has the growth of the institutional presidency transformed the Executive into an isolated, imperial office? What does the current era of divided party control of government imply for the president s ability to exercise national leadership?

4 Founders Fears of the Presidency Not another King George III of Great Britain President needed to be responsive to incidents like Shays' Rebellion

5 Key Questions Regarding Presidency How many people should constitute the executive branch? For how long should presidents serve? To what extent would the president be independent of other political branches, most notably the Congress? What powers could safely be entrusted to the president?

6 Federalist 70 Lays Out Founders Thoughts Energy in the executive Feeble executive equates to bad government Key ingredients of the presidency are Unity Duration Competent powers

7 Concerns Over Popular Control Four Year Term Electoral College

8 The President in the Constitution Commander in Chief Head Diplomat Chief Executive Chief Legislator

9 U.S. Military Interventions Before World War II

10 U.S. Military Interventions in Central America,

11 Treaties vs. Executive Agreements Years Treaties Executive Agreements Total 1,543 14,122

12 The President in the Constitution Commander in Chief Head Diplomat Chief Executive Chief Legislator

13 The President in the Constitution Commander in Chief Head Diplomat Chief Executive Chief Legislator

14 Presidency in the 19 th Century Weak Clerks Lacked institutional strength Weak connections to public Did not formulate domestic policy

15 Growth in Presidential Power Popular Campaigning Nationalization of Media Increased Role in Policy Making Greater Institutional Power Increase in Staff

16

17 Media Coverage in the 19 th Century President Congress Percent of Political News Devoted to President and Congress

18 Growth in Presidential Power Popular Campaigning Nationalization of Media Increased Role in Policy Making Greater Institutional Power Increase in Staff

19 Clinton 1 Clinton 2 Reagan 2 Bush Reagan 1 Ford Carter LBJ Nixon White House Staff Coolidge Hoover 0 FDR 1 FDR 2 FDR 3 Truman 1 Truman 2 Ike 1 Ike 2 JFK

20 The President s Record as Chief Legislator Sets the public policy agenda for Congress

21

22 Public Expectations and Perceptions Leader of the people Promoter of consensus Personally responsible for the performance of government

23

24 PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL, JAN 1970 AUG 1967 MAR 1965 OCT 1962 MAY 1960 DEC 1957 JUL 1955 FEB 1953 APR 1977 NOV 1974 JUN 1972 JAN 1999 AUG 1996 MAR 1994 OCT 1991 MAY 1989 DEC 1986 JUL 1984 FEB 1982 SEP Vietnam Nixon Elected Gulf War Victory Apollo Moon Landing Clinton Presidency Iran-Contra Watergate DATE Approval

25 Rally Effect After 9/ Approval Feb Mar April May June July Aug 10-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

26 Bush Approval before and After 9/11

27 Powers of the President Focal point of politics and policy in our political system Stronger executive in the twentieth century because Congress delegated authority to the president Power given to FDR because of the economic crisis of the Great Depression, President Bush received extra power due to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 T. Roosevelt: it is not the president's "right but his duty to do anything that the needs of the nation demanded unless such action was forbidden by the Congress JFK: "the president [may] assume just about as much power as he is capable of handling Presidents are agents of Congress and national constituencies.

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