Unit I Flashcards. C h a p t e r s 1 7 a n d 1 8

Transcription

1 Unit I Flashcards C h a p t e r s 1 7 a n d 1 8

2 #1 Black codes Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the Civil War.

3 #2 Caminetti Act 1893 act giving the state the power to regulate the mines.

4 #3 Carpetbaggers Northern transplants to the South, many of whom were Union soldiers who stayed in the South after the war.

5 #4 Civil Rights Bill 1866 Act that gave full citizenship to African Americans.

6 #5 Compromise of 1877 The Congressional settling of the 1876 election, which installed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in the White House and gave Democrats control of all state governments in the South.

7 #6 Congressional Reconstruction Name given to the period when the Republican-dominated Congress controlled Reconstruction-era policy.

8 #7 Dawes Severalty Act An 1887 law terminating tribal ownership of land and allotting some parcels of land to individual Indians with the remainder opened for white settlement.

9 #8 Edmunds Act 1882 act that effectively disfranchised those who believed in or practiced polygamy and threatened them with fines and imprisonment.

10 #9 Edmunds-Tucker Act 1887 act that destroyed the temporal power of the Mormon Church by confiscating all assets over $50,000 and establishing a federal commission to oversee all elections in the Utah territory.

11 #10 Field Order 15 Order by General William T. Sherman in January 1865 to set aside abandoned land along the southern Atlantic coast for 40-acre grants to freedmen, rescinded by President Andrew Johnson later that year.

12 #11 15 th Amendment Passed by Congress in 1869, guaranteed the right of American men to vote, regardless of race.

13 #12 First Reconstruction Act 1877 act that divided the South into five military districts subject to martial law.

14 #13 Forest Management Act 1897 act that, along with the National Reclamation Act, set the federal government on the path of large-scale regulatory activities.

15 #14 Freedmen s Bureau Agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services, advice, and protection to former slaves and destitute whites; lasted seven years.

16 #15 General Land Revision Act of 1891 Act that gave the President the power to establish forest reserves to protect watersheds against the threats posed by lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires.

17 #16 Great Sioux War From the Oglala Sioux warrior Red Cloud waged war against the U.S. Army, forcing the U.S. to abandon its forts built on land relinquished to the government by the Sioux.

18 #17 Hispanic-American Alliance Organizing formed to protect and fight for the rights of Spanish Americans.

19 #18 Homestead Act of act that granted a quarter section (160 acres) of the public domain free to any settler who lived on the land for at least five years and improved it.

20 #19 Ku Klux Klan Perhaps the most prominent of the vigilante groups that terrorized black people in the South during Reconstruction era, founded by the Confederate veterans in 1866.

21 #20 Liberal Republicans Disaffected Republicans that emphasized the doctrines of classical economics.

22 #21 Morrill Act of 1862 Act by which land-grant colleges acquired space for campuses in return for promising to institute agricultural programs.

23 #22 National Reclamation Act 1902 act that added 1 million acres of irrigated land to the United States.

24 #23 Omaha Act of 1882 Act that allowed the establishment of individual title to tribal lands.

25 #24 Radical Republicans A shifting group of Republican congressmen, usually a substantial minority, who favored the abolition of slavery from the beginning of the Civil War and later advocated harsh treatment of the defeated South.

26 #25 Sand Creek Massacre The near annihilation in 1864 of Black Kettle s Cheyenne band by Colorado troops under Colonel John Chivington s orders to kill and scalp all, big and little.

27 #26 Scalawags Southern whites, mainly small landowning farmers and well-off merchants and planters, who supported the Southern Republican party during Reconstruction.

28 #27 Sharecropping Labor system that evolved during and after Reconstruction whereby landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm animals, and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborers crop.

29 #28 Slaughterhouse cases Group of cases resulting in one sweeping decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1873 that contradicted the intent of the 14 th Amendment by decreeing that most citizenship rights remained under state, not federal, control.

30 #29 Tenure of Office Act stipulating that any officeholder appointed by the President with the Senate's advice and consent could not be removed until the Senate had approved a successor.

31 #30 Treaty of Fort Laramie The treaty acknowledging U.S. defeat in the Great Sioux War in 1868 and supposedly guaranteeing the Sioux perpetual land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.

32 #31 Union League Republican party organizations in Northern cities that became an important organizing device among freedmen in Southern cities after 1865.

33 #32 War Democrats Those from the North and the border states who broke with the Democratic Party and supported Abraham Lincoln s military policies during the Civil War.

34 Reference Faragher, J. M., Buhle, M. J., Czitrom, D., & Armitage, S. H. (2009). Out of many: A history of the American people, Vol. I (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. END