Civics and Economics Study Guide

Transcription

1 Competency Goal 1 (12 questions total) Civics and Economics Study Guide Describe the economic system of the New England colonies. The economic system that is based upon a country exporting more goods than it imports. Why didn t the colonists approve of mercantilism? Explain the triangular trade route. What role did town meetings play in the New England colonies? Shipbuilding and fishing Mercantilism They felt it exploited (took advantage) of them. Trade route in which rum from North America was traded for slaves in Africa. The slaves were then traded for sugar and molasses in the West Indies and then traded in North America for more rum. Town meetings were a type of direct democracy in New England. All men could discuss issues and the all landowning men would vote. What is the Magna Carta? What is common law? Explain the significance of the Mayflower Compact. Explain the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Which philosopher discussed the theory of natural rights? What are natural rights? An English document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the British monarch. A system of law based on accepted customs, traditions, and past decisions. The Mayflower Compact established the idea of direct democracy in the colonies and led to self-government in the colonies. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first example of representative democracy in the colonies and led to the idea of self-government. John Locke The rights to life, liberty, and property Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights. Further limited the power of the British monarch and become one of the sources of ideas for our new nation. Describe the Albany Plan of Union and the political cartoon Join, or Die. Explain the relationship between the Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party? What is the Declaration of Independence? Called for all of the colonies to unit against the British prior to the Revolutionary War The Boston Tea Party was a response to the Tea Act. A document written by Thomas Jefferson during the Second Continental Congress that listed the abuses of King George III and formally declared independence from Britain 1

2 What is the significance of Thomas Paine and his pamphlet Common Sense? Describe the Navigation Acts. Explain the significance of the Northwest Ordinance of What was Shays Rebellion and assess its importance in the new nation? Explain the Great Compromise and its importance in creating the Constitution of the new nation. Who were the Federalists? Who were the Anti-Federalists? What is the constitutional principle of power being divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches? An example of this constitutional principle is that the legislative branch can pass a law and the president can veto it. This constitutional principle is the idea of the philosopher Montesquieu. What is the relationship between the, 5 Amendments? What was the first constitution of the United States of America? What term best describes a government in which citizens elect representatives to act for them? Which is the term that best describes the American form of government? Cuba is what kind of government? Common Sense encouraged many colonists that were undecided on the topic of independence, to become patriots and support a fight for independence. The Navigation Acts required colonists to only transport goods on British ships and eliminated all free exchange with other nations. It set up a way to settle the land west of the Appalachian mountains by making a PROCEDURE TO ADMIT NEW STATES INTO THE UNION Shays Rebellion was an uprising of farmers who were losing their farms due to the rising debts. It showed that the Articles were not an effective form of government and that changes needed to be made, leading to the convening of the Constitutional Convention. The Great Compromise or The Connecticut Plan was a compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. It provided for a bicameral legislature, with one house to be based on population and one house to be based on equal representation. There would be a single chief executive and a Supreme Court in addition to other federal courts. These compromises needed to be made in order to have the Constitutional Convention move forward. Supporters of the Constitution People that felt that the Constitution made the national government too powerful and that a Bill of Rights needed to be added to protect the rights of the people from the government. Separation of powers Checks and balances Separation of powers Rights of the accused Articles of Confederation Representative democracy/ democratic republic Representative democracy Dictatorship 2

3 The absence of any centralized government or authority. Anarchy What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? What was the purpose of the Anti-Federalist Papers? What is the located in the middle of the Preamble to the Constitution? To persuade citizens to ratify the Constitution To persuade citizens to not ratify the Constitution Goal 2 EOC Questions and Answers (12 Questions) The 6 purposes for the new government What is popular sovereignty? What is federalism? What is separation of powers? What are checks and balances? What is another name for the elastic clause? What does the necessary and proper clause do? What are Congress s expressed powers? What are implied powers? What Supreme Court case upheld implied powers? People have the power, or consent of the governed That power is shared between the federal government and the 50 states The idea that limits the power of the individuals, by creating three branches of government That each of the three branches can limit the power of the other two The necessary and proper clause It expands the power of Congress by giving them implied powers in order to carry out their duties listed in the constitution Coin money, declare war, keep and maintain an army, regulate trade, approve treaties with foreign governments Those powers not specifically listed in the Constitution McCulloch v Maryland What is the Supremacy clause? The Constitution is the highest law of the land What are some examples of reserved powers? What is a bicameral legislature? What are the two houses of Congress? What house of Congress is responsible for confirming all appointments including federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet members? What is a bill? Who persuades Congressmen and Congresswomen to pass legislation that their interest group supports? Conduct elections, establish local governments, and to create public schools It is made up of two houses Makes laws The Senate A proposed law A lobbyist 3

4 What are the major steps in a bill becoming a law? Which branch of government can declare war? What does the Constitution state that the President must give to Congress at least once a year? What is original jurisdiction? What is appellate jurisdiction? What is concurrent jurisdiction? What is exclusive jurisdiction? What is a writ of habeas corpus? Can a writs of habeas corpus be suspended? What is a bill of attainder? What are some of the limits that the Constitution places on Congress? introducing bill to the House or Senate bill is sent to committee committee conducts research committee sends bill to floor the entire house votes after listening to debate the bill goes to the other house the bill is sent to the President Congress The State of the Union Address When a verdict is decided, there is a trial and witnesses testify A verdict is not decided, instead it is only determined if the law was applied correctly When both a state and the federal government have the authority to hear the case When only the federal OR the state government can hear the case When a person is told what charges they have against them No, a person always must be told what they are being charged of according to the Constitution A bill of attainder is when a person is convicted without a trial No bills of attainder, no ex post facto laws, no writs of habeas corpus, no titles of nobility can be given What articles of the Constitution talk about the three branches of government? What is judicial review? What case determined judicial review? What is a veto? What principle is a veto an example of? What is a line item veto? Articles I, II, and III That the Supreme Court can find acts of the President or laws unconstitutional Marbury v. Madison When the president refuses to sign a bill into law Checks and balances It is when the President could only line out a certain sentence or part of a bill. He does not have that ability. Who are the two bodies that propose an amendment? If Congress proposes an amendment, who must pass it? Congress or a National Convention of the states ¾ the states at a National Convention 4

5 If the States propose an amendment at a National Convention, who must pass it? ¾ of Congress What amendment states that equal protection under the law belongs to all citizens? What amendments protect the rights of someone accused of a crime? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Gregg v. Georgia? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Gideon v. Wainwright? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case New Jersey v. T.L.O? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Tinker v DesMoines What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Texas v. Johnson? What right does the case Texas v. Johnson expand? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Engel v. Vitale? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Miranda v. Arizona? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Mapp v. Ohio? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Plessy v. Ferguson? What case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson? The 14 th 5, 6, and 8 The Supreme Court decided that the death penalty is not cruel and unusual punishment if it is used in murder cases where there are extreme or mitigating circumstances The Supreme Court decided that a person must be given an attorney in a felony case if they cannot afford one The Supreme Court decided that a student can be searched at school without a warrant Students can wear armbands to protest the Vietnam War That a person has the right to burn a flag as a form of protest Free speech Prayer in school cannot be organized by the teacher or administrator People must be informed of their rights when they are accused of a crime Police must have search warrant that is specific and can only look in places that the item can be found. This is known as the exclusionary rule That it was o.k. to segregate people based on race as long as the separate accommodations were equal Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Brown v. Board of Education? What case expands the 14 What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg? What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Korematsu vs. U.S.? That separate facilities were inherently (cannot be) equal. Therefore, segregation violates the 14 overturns segregation and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. Brown v. Board of Education After Brown v. Board of Education was decided, integration was only happening in some areas and very slowly. This case forced integration with busing to different schools to make sure it happened After WWII, Japanese people were sent to internment camps in the West. Korematsu felt this violated his rights as an American. The Supreme Court decide it was ok to restrict people s rights in times of war 5

6 What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Heart of Atlanta Motel? What is the Electoral College? How is the President chosen? That segregation was illegal in all public facilities not just schools A group of people elected by their states to choose the President By electoral votes Why doesn t the Constitution allow the President to be elected by the popular vote of the people? What happens if the Electoral College does not produce a winner? What federal government agency investigates kidnapping? What branch of government does the FBI fall under? What federal government agency is in charge of national security? What federal government agency is in charge of protecting the country from terrorists? What federal agency was formed after Sept 11 response to terrorist attacks? The Founders felt that the average person was not educated enough on issues to choose wisely The House of Representatives decides who becomes President The Federal Bureau of Investigation The Executive Branch The Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security Office of Homeland Security What federal government agency stops drugs from entering our borders or drug trafficking between states? What is incorporation? The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Competency Goal 3 Review Questions State and Local Government (6 questions) The creation of a new town or city by act of the General Assembly. Who makes up the NC Legislative Branch? What is a state law called? What is the Council of State? Who runs a county? Who is in charge of law enforcement for a county? What is a local law? What is a referendum? What is the role of a city council? What is the role of a city manager? General Assembly A statute A group of the Governor, Lt. Governor, and eight other individuals elected by NC voters at the state level An elected board of county commissioners and a hired county manager Sheriff An ordinance An election in which citizens vote on a public policy question To make laws for a municipality They are hired by city council to carry out their policies 6

7 What did the case State v. Mann decide in North Carolina? What was the decision in Leandro v State of North Carolina? What is an excise tax? EOC Review Questions for Goal 4 and 10 (14 questions) What is a platform? What is meant by grassroots? What is a Political Action Committee? What is meant by stacking cards? Slaves were property. It also decided that the North Carolina Constitution was the Supreme law of the land in the State of North Carolina Everyone has the right to an adequate education in NC, not an equal sound basic education An indirect charge on a particular good (paid by the producer or merchant, not the consumer) A list of the beliefs for a political party. Keeping it real with the average voter. The candidate appears to really understand what the common American is going through. People with special interests who raise money for candidates running for President that support their beliefs Only showing one side of an issue and persuading people with evidence that supports only that one side What is an initiative? When voters feel that a law is needed or should be changed, they could start a petition What is a proposition? What is a referendum? Explain voter apathy. What is a civic responsibility? Name several civic responsibilities. What is a civic duty? Name several civic duties. What is the motto of the United States? A proposed law by the voters When a law or bond issue appears directly on the ballot for voters to decide on When a person doesn t care to vote Something a person should do Voting, being informed about issues, volunteering in the community, serving in the military, supporting yourself and your family Something a person has to do or they will be punished Serving on a jury, paying taxes, men registering for the selective service, obeying the law E Pluribus Unum What does E Pluribus Unum mean? Out of Many, One Explain E Pluribus Unum That out of many different cultures and beliefs, we make one strong nation. Our diversity is the strength of our nation. What violates E Pluribus Unum? Any act of discrimination 7

8 What was the first written code of law? What is English common law? What is Draconian Law? Competency Goal 5 and 6 Review Law ( 15 questions) Code of Hammurabi The tradition of following earlier court decisions The first written laws of Athens that have a very liberal use of the death penalty What is the importance of the Magna Carta? What is the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses? What is the significance of the Constitution as a foundation of our legal system? What is the adversarial process? What is administrative law? What is original jurisdiction? What is appellate jurisdiction? It limited the power of the English monarch and protected the right to have due process of law It was the first representative democracy in the US and they could enact legislation for the colony of Virginia, but they were subject to the veto of the governor It is the supreme law of the land Two lawyers in a courtroom from opposing sides trying to present their stronger cases Involves all rules and regulations that government agencies of the executive branch must issue to carry out their jobs A court s authority to hear and decide a matter before any other court can review the matter A court s authority to review or revise a lower court s decision What is exclusive jurisdiction? What does due process of law mean? 41. In what types of cases does the federal government have jurisdiction? What are franking privileges? What is the job of the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)? What is the job of the SBI (State Bureau if Investigation)? What is judicial review? What is a majority opinion? A court s authority to judge on a matter that no other court can judge on The government must treat all people equally and go through the proper steps when someone is accused of a crime the subject of the case deals with the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution involves more than one state Congressmen can send work related mail for free in order to inform citizens of legislation Enforces the criminal laws of the United States and investigates federal crimes Enforce criminal laws of the state and investigate state crimes The Supreme Court s authority to declare a law or action unconstitutional The ruling of the court in a case 8

9 What is a dissenting opinion? The opinion of a justice that does not agree with the ruling of the court What is incarceration? Economics Competency Goal 7-9 (30 questions) What is a concurring opinion? What is a writ of certiorari? What is an indictment? What is a plea bargain? What is the advantage of a plea bargain for the Prosecution? What is the advantage of a plea bargain for the defendant? What is mediation? What is arbitration? Who has the burden of proof in a criminal trial? What is an ordinance? What are the four factors of production? Would a chair be sold in the factor or product market? What is scarcity? How does scarcity make people choose? What is a tradeoff? What is buying an item a trade off for? What do robotics do for a business? What is specialization? What are the effects of automation? An opinion that agrees with the majority, but for a different reason Calling a case to the Supreme Court A formal accusation made by a grand jury when they accuse someone of having committed a crime A negotiated agreement between the defense and the prosecution in a criminal case, the defense pleads guilty to a specific charge for a promise of a lower sentence They get a guilty verdict even though it is a lesser charge They get a lesser charge When a third party helps two others come to a decision by listening When a third party decides for the other two party how the problem is going to solved, often happens in court The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty. A local law Prison time that is meant to serve as punishment as well as to protect the community from the offender Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship In the product market People have an unlimited amount of needs and there are only a limited amount of resources (factors of production) and PEOPLE CAN T ALWAYS GET WHAT THEY WANT Can t have everything because there is a limited amount When you give up one thing in order to get something else Keeping the money and investing it Improve productivity When one person is an expert in their field. It is a way to become more productive in a business You will need less labor or human capital 9

10 What is the law of diminishing returns? In what type of economy does the government control all aspects of the economy (such as what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom? Who decides what to produce in a market economy? What do patents and copyrights protect? What is the circular flow of money? What are the two markets involved in circular flow? What is the law of demand? What is the law of supply? What is a company s profit based on? What happens to price in surplus? What happens to price in a shortage? What happens to price if a company has a monopoly on the market? What happens to price in a competitive market? What is an advantage or a corporation? What is the reward for owning stock? Eventually, you will reach a point where you just can t get more productive A command economy The consumer Intellectual property so that people keep coming up with new ideas That money constantly transfers from producers to consumers In the product market- consumers buy from producers In the factor market- business buy from consumers People will buy more if the price is less Producers will make more at a higher price Consumer demand Prices go down Prices go up Prices will go up Prices will remain low Limited Liability, the owners cannot be sued Dividends What is the incentive for depositing money in a time account (certificate of deposit) instead of a demand account? What is the role of the Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC)? What is Gross Domestic Product? What happens in a recession? What happens in expansion? What are some economic indicators to show how a country is doing economically? What is the Consumer Price index? What is inflation? What is downsizing? It has a higher interest rate To protect the accounts of individuals who deposit money into the bank It is the total sum in dollar value of all goods and services produced in that country GDP is falling, unemployment rates are up, prices are falling GDP is rising, employment is rising, production is up, and interest rates are rising along with the price of goods Unemployment rates, interest rates, and the Consumer price index It looks at the prices so often to see if prices are going up or down When prices are rising When companies are laying people off 10

11 What does the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement allow? What do protective tariffs discourage? What is comparative advantage? What are the effects of fiscal policy during a recession? What are the effects of fiscal policy during expansion or recovery? What are the effects of monetary policy during recession? What are the effects of monetary policy during expansion? International trade with no tariffs Global interdependence When it is cheaper for one country to produce than another It is the COUNTRY WITH THE LEAST OPPORTUNITY COST The government will lower taxes and increase spending in order to lower unemployment rates. This may lead to a national deficit or the government borrowing money. The government will raise taxes and decrease spending in order to lower prices that may be caused by inflation The Federal Reserve Board may use loose money policy. Increasing the money supply by lowering the discount rate (rate at which banks borrow), lowering reserve requirements, or buying back bonds from customers The Federal Reserve Board may use tight money policy. Decreasing the money supply by raising taxes, raising the discount rate, or selling bonds to customers so that they are investing instead of spending their money What is a bear market? What is a bull market? What is meant by NIMBY or Not in My Back Yard? What is OPEC? What is the OPEC oil embargo? Not confident in the stock market and believe they will lose money Confident in stock market and feel investment There are certain things that people don t want in their neighborhood such as waste or nuclear sites or homeless Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudia) The US moved to producing more fuel efficient cars after the embargo in 1973 which led to very high gas prices 11