Colorado Association of REALTORS Bylaws Table of Contents

Transcription

1 . BYLAWS May 2014

2 Colorado Association of REALTORS Bylaws Table of Contents Page ARTICLE 1 NAME... 3 ARTICLE 2 OBJECTIVES.. 3 ARTICLE 3 MEMBERSHIP... 3 ARTICLE 4 USE OF THE TERM REALTOR.. 9 ARTICLE 5 MEMBERSHIP DUES... 9 ARTICLE 6 OFFICERS, ELECTIVE & APPOINTIVE DUTIES. 13 ARTICLE 7 DIRECTORS AND LEADERSHIP COUNCIL.. 15 ARTICLE 8 ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 16 ARTICLE 9 INSTITUTES, SOCIETIES & COUNCILS.. 22 ARTICLE 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRICTS 22 ARTICLE 11 COMMITTEES 23 ARTICLE 12 GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETINGS 23 ARTICLE 13 FISCAL YEAR 24 ARTICLE 14 PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS.. 24 ARTICLE 15 ORDER AND NOTIFICATION 26 ARTICLE 16 AMENDMENTS.. 26 ARTICLE 17 INDEMNIFICATION. 27 CAR Bylaws Page 2

3 ARTICLE 1 NAME 1.1 Name - The name of the organization shall be the "Colorado Association of REALTORS," hereinafter referred to as "CAR". ARTICLE 2 OBJECTIVES 2.1. The objectives of CAR shall include but not be limited to the following: A. To unite those engaged in the recognized branches of the real estate profession for the purpose of exerting a beneficial influence upon the profession and related interests; B. To promote and maintain high standards of conduct in the real estate profession as expressed in the Code of Ethics of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, hereinafter referred to as "NAR"; C. To provide a unified medium for real estate owners and those engaged in the real estate profession whereby their interests may be safeguarded and advanced; D. To further the interests of home and other real property ownership; E. To unite those engaged in the real estate profession in Colorado with NAR, thereby furthering their own objectives throughout the state and the nation, and obtaining the benefits and privileges of membership therein; F. To designate, for the benefit of the public, those individuals authorized to use the terms "REALTOR " and "REALTORS " as licensed, prescribed, and controlled by NAR; and G. To provide those engaged in the real estate profession in Colorado with continuing education in matters affecting real estate and real estate ownership. 2.2 Gender In the wording hereof the use of either gender shall include both genders. ARTICLE 3 MEMBERSHIP 3.1. Classes of Membership - The membership of CAR shall consist of six classes: (1) Member Boards (BOARDS), (2) Board Members, (3) REALTOR Members, (4) Institute Affiliate Members, (5) Affiliate Members, and (6) Honorary Members. Board Members and REALTOR Members shall be active Members in good standing of CAR Member Boards - Member Boards shall consist of local real estate boards/associations (hereinafter referred to as BOARDS) within the state of Colorado, which shall include city, county, or inter-county BOARDS and all of the REALTOR Members of which shall hold CAR Bylaws Page 3

4 membership in the NAR through such Board and CAR. Favorable consideration will normally be given to any applicant group large enough and cohesive enough to be viable as a Board, to grant and regulate the proper use of the terms REALTOR and REALTORS, to enforce the Code of Ethics of NAR, and to properly serve its Members and the public. BOARDS shall have the authority to accept as a REALTOR Member, any person engaged in any branch of the real estate business, including brokerage, management, mortgage financing, appraising, land development and building, and other related aspects of the real estate business who maintains an office within the state or any state contiguous to the state of Colorado and who complies with any licensure or regulatory requirements applicable to business activities within the state of Colorado Board Members - A Board Member is a member of the CAR Board of Directors and shall be a REALTOR Member in good standing. Each Board Member shall be engaged in the real estate profession, and maintain a current, valid real estate license, or be licensed or certified by an appropriate Colorado state regulatory agency to engage in the appraisal of real property, and have a place of business within the state or any state contiguous to the state of Colorado. A Board Member is also referred to herein as a Director or collectively as Directors REALTOR Members A REALTOR Member shall be any individual engaged in the real estate profession as a principal, partner, corporate officer or branch office manager acting on behalf of the firm s principal(s), and licensed or certified individuals affiliated with said REALTOR Member whose place of business is located in an area outside the jurisdiction of any Member Board who meets the qualifications for REALTOR Members established in subsection (A) below. Secondary REALTOR membership shall also be available to individuals who hold primary membership in an association in another state and who desire to obtain direct membership in the state association without holding membership in a local association in the state. A. An applicant for REALTOR membership who is a sole proprietor, partner, corporate officer, or branch office manager of a real estate firm shall supply evidence satisfactory to the association through its membership committee or otherwise that he is actively engaged in the real estate profession, and maintains a current, valid real estate broker's license or is licensed or certified by an appropriate state regulatory agency to engage in the appraisal of real property, has a place of business within the state or a state contiguous thereto (unless a secondary Member), has no record of recent or pending bankruptcy*, has no record of official sanctions involving unprofessional conduct**, agrees to complete a course of instruction covering the Bylaws of CAR, and the Constitution and Bylaws and Code of Ethics of NAR, and shall pass such reasonable and nondiscriminatory written examination thereon as may be required by the committee, and shall agree that if elected to membership, he will abide by such Constitution, Bylaws, Rules and Regulations, and Code of Ethics. *No recent or pending bankruptcy is intended to mean that the applicant or any real estate firm, in which the applicant is a sole proprietor, general partner, corporate officer, or branch office manager, is not involved in any pending bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or, has not been adjudged bankrupt in the past three (3) years. If a bankruptcy proceeding as described above exists, membership may not be rejected unless the association establishes that its interests and those of its members and the public could not be adequately protected by CAR Bylaws Page 4

5 requiring that the bankrupt applicant pay cash in advance for association and MLS fees for up to one (1) year from the date that membership is approved or from the date that the applicant is discharged from bankruptcy (whichever is later). In the event that an existing REALTOR Member initiates bankruptcy proceedings, the Member may be placed on a "cash basis" from the date that bankruptcy is initiated until one (1) year from the date that the Member has been discharged from bankruptcy. **No record of official sanctions involving unprofessional conduct is intended to mean that the association may only consider: (1) judgments against the applicant within the past three years of violations of (i) civil rights laws, (ii) real estate license laws, and (iii) or other laws prohibiting unprofessional conduct against the applicant rendered by the courts or other lawful authorities; and (2) criminal convictions if (i) the crime was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year under the law under which the applicant was convicted, and (ii) no more than ten years have elapsed since the date of the conviction or the release of the applicant from the confinement imposed for that conviction, whichever is the later date. B. Individuals who are actively engaged in the real estate profession other than as sole proprietors, partners, corporate officers, or branch office managers, in order to qualify for REALTOR membership, shall at the time of application, be associated either as an employee or as an independent contractor with a designated REALTOR Member of the Association or a designated REALTOR Member of another association (if a secondary member). Individuals must maintain a current, valid real estate broker's license or be licensed or certified by an appropriate state regulatory agency to engage in the appraisal of real property, have no record of official sanctions involving unprofessional conduct*, shall complete a course of instruction covering the Bylaws of CAR, and the Constitution and Bylaws, and Code of Ethics of NAR. Individuals shall pass such reasonable and nondiscriminatory written examinations thereon as may be required by the membership committee and shall agree in writing that if elected to membership he will abide by such Constitution, Bylaws, Rules and Regulations, and the Code of Ethics. *No record of official sanctions involving unprofessional conduct is intended to mean that the association may only consider: 1) judgments against the applicant within the past three years of violations of (i) civil rights laws, (ii) real estate license laws, and (iii) or other laws prohibiting unprofessional conduct against the applicant rendered by the courts or other lawful authorities; and 2) criminal convictions if (i) the crime was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year under the law under which the applicant was convicted, and (ii) no more than ten years have elapsed since the date of the conviction or the release of the applicant from the confinement imposed for that conviction, whichever is the later date. C. The Association will also consider the following in determining an applicant's qualifications for REALTOR membership: CAR Bylaws Page 5

6 1) All final findings of Code of Ethics violations and violations of other membership duties in this or any other REALTOR association within the past three (3) years; 2) Pending ethics complaints (or hearings); 3) Unsatisfied discipline pending; 4) Pending arbitration requests (or hearings); 5) Unpaid arbitration awards or unpaid financial obligations to this or any other REALTOR association or REALTOR association MLS; and 6) Any misuse of the term REALTOR or REALTORS in the name of the applicant s firm. "Provisional" membership may be granted in instances where ethics complaints or arbitration requests (or hearings) are pending in other associations or where the applicant for membership has unsatisfied discipline pending in another association (except for violations of the Code of Ethics; see Article 2, Section 4(a) Note 2) provided all other qualifications for membership have been satisfied. Associations may reconsider the membership status of such individuals when all pending ethics and arbitration matters (and related discipline) have been resolved, or if such matters are not resolved within six months from the date that provisional membership is approved. Provisional Members shall be considered REALTORS and shall be subject to all of the same privileges and obligations of REALTOR membership. If a Member resigns from another association with an ethics complaint or arbitration request pending, the association may condition membership on the applicant's certification that he will submit to the pending ethics or arbitration proceeding (in accordance with the established procedures of the association to which the applicant has made application) and will abide by the decision of the hearing panel. D. The Board of Directors (or its appointed designee) shall review and act on all applications for membership. An application may not be rejected without providing the applicant with an opportunity to appear before the Board of Directors to make such statements as he deems relevant. If the Board of Directors determines that the application should be rejected, it shall record its reasons with the secretary. If the Board of Directors believes that denial of membership to the applicant may become the basis of litigation and a claim of damage by the applicant, it may specify that denial shall become effective upon entry in a suit by the association for a declaratory judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction of a final judgment declaring that the rejection violates no rights of the applicant. E. The Board of Directors may adopt an application fee for REALTOR membership in reasonable amount, not exceeding three times the amount of the annual dues for REALTOR membership, which shall be required to accompany each application for REALTOR CAR Bylaws Page 6

7 membership and which shall become the property of the association upon final approval of the application. F. Designated REALTOR Members - Each firm (or office in the case of firms with multiple office locations) shall designate in writing one REALTOR Member who shall be responsible for all duties and obligations of membership, including the obligation to arbitrate (or to mediate if required by the association) pursuant to Article 17 of the Code of Ethics and the payment of Association dues as established in Article 2 of the Bylaws. The Designated REALTOR must be a sole proprietor, partner, corporate officer, or branch office manager acting on behalf of the firm's principal(s) and must meet all other qualifications for REALTOR membership established in Article 2, Section 4 of the NAR Bylaws. G. Any REALTOR Member of the Association may be disciplined by the Board of Directors for violations of these Bylaws, the Code of Ethics, or other duties of membership, after a hearing as described in the Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual of the Association, provided that the discipline imposed is consistent with the discipline authorized by the Professional Standards Committee of NAR, as set forth in the Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual of NAR. H. If a REALTOR Member is a sole proprietor in a firm, a partner in a partnership or an officer in a corporation and is suspended or expelled, the firm, partnership, or corporation shall not use the terms REALTOR or REALTORS in connection with its business during the period of suspension, or until readmission to REALTOR membership, or unless connection with the firm, partnership, or corporation is severed, whichever may apply. The membership of all other principals, partners, or corporate officers shall suspend or terminate during the period of suspension of the disciplined Member, or until readmission of the disciplined Member, or unless connection of the disciplined Member with the firm, partnership, or corporation is severed, whichever may apply. Further, the membership of REALTORS other than principals who are employed by or affiliated as independent contractors with the disciplined Member shall suspend or terminate during the period of suspension of the disciplined Member or until readmission of the disciplined Member or until connection of the disciplined Member with the firm, partnership, or corporation is severed, or unless the REALTOR Member (non-principal) elects to sever his connection with the REALTOR and affiliate with another REALTOR Member in good standing in the association, whichever may apply. If a REALTOR Member who is other than a principal in a firm, partnership, or corporation is suspended or expelled, the use of the terms REALTOR or REALTORS by the firm, partnership, or corporation shall not be affected Institute Affiliate Members - Institute Affiliate Members shall be individuals who hold a professional designation awarded by an Institute, Society or Council affiliated with NAR that addresses a specialty area other than residential brokerage or individuals who otherwise hold a class of membership in such Institute, Society or Council that confers the right to hold office. Any such individual, if otherwise eligible, may elect to hold REALTOR membership, subject to payment of applicable dues for such membership. BOARDS will establish the rights and privileges to be conferred on Institute Affiliate Members except that no Institute Affiliate Member may be granted the right to use the term REALTOR, or the REALTOR logo; to serve as CAR Bylaws Page 7

8 President or highest elected officer of a Board; or to be a Participant in the Board's multiple listing service Affiliate Members - Affiliate Members shall be individuals and/or firms engaged in business in a field pertaining to, or companion to, the real estate business, but not engaged in real estate brokerage or sales, not associated with an established real estate office, and not eligible for membership. Such individuals or firms are eligible for Affiliate Membership in CAR. A. Affiliate Members are entitled to the usual services of CAR and may attend meetings, serve on committees of CAR, and participate in conventions, conferences and educational activities. They shall not have the right to use the term REALTOR or the marks of NAR. They shall not have the right to vote or hold elective office in CAR. B. The Directors shall determine the standards and requirements for eligibility of membership, and shall have the authority to determine what activities shall be considered to fall within the purview of this Section, and shall determine the duties and obligations, if any, of Affiliate Membership. C. If an office or firm holds Affiliate Membership, individual officers and/or associates of such firm shall also be eligible for Affiliate Membership on an individual basis Honorary Member - Honorary Members shall be individuals other than those engaged in the real estate business who have contributed notably to this Association Good Standing - A Member in good standing is one who is not in default in payment of dues or other Board obligations, and who is not under suspension or expulsion Suspension of Individual Members - The Directors shall have the power to expel, suspend or reprimand any Member after due notice and hearing, who fails to comply with the Bylaws, the duties of membership and/or the Code of Ethics. Any such Member expelled shall thereupon lose all rights and privileges in CAR. A suspended member remains a Member with obligation for continued payment of dues and adherence to the Code of Ethics Any Member of the Association may be reprimanded, placed on probation, suspended or expelled for harassment of an association or MLS employee or association officer or Director after an investigation in accordance with the procedures of the Association. As used in this section, harassment means any verbal or physical conduct including threatening or obscene language, unwelcome sexual advances, stalking, actions including strikes, shoves, kicks, or other similar physical contact, or threats to do the same, or any other conduct with the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's work performance by creating a hostile, intimidating or offensive work environment. The decision of the appropriate disciplinary action to be taken shall be made by the investigatory team comprised of the Chairman, and Chairman- Elect, and one member of the Board of Directors selected by the highest ranking officer not named in the complaint, upon consultation with legal counsel for the Association. Disciplinary action may include any sanction authorized in the association s Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual. If the complaint names the Chairman, Chairman-Elect or a Chair, they may not CAR Bylaws Page 8

9 participate in the proceedings and shall be replaced by the immediate past chairman or, alternatively, by another Member of the Board of Directors selected by the highest ranking officer not named in the complaint. ARTICLE 4 USE OF THE TERM REALTOR 4.1. The use of the term REALTOR and REALTORS by Members shall at all times be subject to provisions of the Constitution and Bylaws of NAR and to the Rules and Regulations prescribed by its Board of Directors. CAR otherwise shall have the authority to control, jointly and in full cooperation with NAR, use of the terms within those areas of Colorado not within the jurisdiction of a Board Board Members and REALTOR Members of CAR shall have the privilege of using the term REALTOR in connection with their business so long as they remain Members in good standing A REALTOR Member of a firm, partnership, corporation or trust may use the term REALTOR, or REALTORS only if all of the principals of such firm, partnership, corporation or trust who are actively engaged in the real estate business within a state or a state contiguous thereto are REALTOR Members or Institute Affiliate Members An Institute Affiliate Member shall not use the terms REALTOR or REALTORS and shall not use the marks of NAR, except those of the Institute, Society or Council affiliated with NAR of which they are a Member Affiliate Members shall not use the term REALTOR or REALTORS and shall not use the marks of NAR. ARTICLE 5 MEMBERSHIP DUES 5.1. The annual dues of BOARDS and REALTOR Members shall be such amounts as approved by the Directors not inconsistent with NAR's Policies, Constitution and Bylaws. A. The annual dues of each Board shall be an amount times the number of designated broker REALTORS and REALTOR Members of such Board plus an amount times the number of real estate licensees and licensed or certified appraisers employed by or affiliated as independent contractors with a designated broker REALTOR who are not themselves REALTORS or Institute Affiliate Members. B. The annual dues of all designated broker REALTOR Members actively engaged in the real estate business from areas not within the jurisdiction of a Board shall be an amount as approved by the Directors and shall be an amount times the number of real estate licensees and licensed or certified appraisers employed by or affiliated as independent contractors with the designated broker REALTOR who are not REALTORS or Institute Affiliate Members. CAR Bylaws Page 9

10 C. The annual dues of real estate licensees and licensed or certified appraisers employed by or affiliated as independent contractor with a designated broker REALTOR Member who themselves hold REALTOR membership shall be an amount as approved by the Directors. D. The annual dues of each REALTOR Member holding secondary membership directly in the state association shall be an amount as established in Article 5, Section 1 of these Bylaws The annual dues and/or application fees of Institute Affiliate Members shall be an amount as from time to time approved by the Directors not inconsistent with NAR's Policies, Constitution and Bylaws. The annual dues of each Institute Affiliate Member shall be as established in Article 2 of the Bylaws of NAR. Note: The Institutes, Societies and Councils of NAR shall be responsible for collecting and remitting dues to the National Association for Institute Affiliate Members ($105.00). NAR shall credit $35.00 to the account of a local association for each Institute Affiliate Member whose office address is within the assigned territorial jurisdiction of that association, provided, however, if the office location is also within the territorial jurisdiction of a Commercial Overlay Board (COB), the $35.00 amount will be credited to the COB, unless the Institute Affiliate Member directs that the dues be distributed to the other Board. NAR shall also credit $35.00 to the account of state associations for each Institute Affiliate Member whose office address is located within the territorial jurisdiction of the state association. Local and state associations may not establish any additional entrance, initiation fees or dues for Institute Affiliate Members, but may provide service packages to which Institute Affiliate Members may voluntarily subscribe The annual dues for the REALTOR membership or firm membership and other members of such firm or office of an Affiliate Member shall be an amount as from time to time approved by the Directors not inconsistent with NAR's Policies, Constitution and Bylaws In calculating the dues payable to CAR by a Board, no Member belonging to another Member Board shall be considered, provided such Member has notified the State Association, and each Board to which they belong of the identity of the Board where primary membership is held On or before January 1 of each year, CAR will notify each Board in writing that dues are due. Each Board shall then submit to CAR a list of their current REALTOR Members (as defined in the NAR Constitution and Bylaws) along with the required dues and any assessments All CAR dues shall be payable in advance as collected by each Board from its Members. Dues pro-rated for new Members will be submitted to CAR within one month after installation in the Board. Affiliate Members shall be individually responsible for payment of Membership dues directly to CAR The dues of each Board and REALTOR Member shall be paid annually in advance and shall be due January 1 of each year. Any Board, Institute Affiliate Member or REALTOR Member delinquent in payment of dues by more than thirty (30) days may be required to show cause as to CAR Bylaws Page 10

11 why the Board of Directors, at its discretion, should not revoke the charter of such Board or drop such Institute Affiliate Member or REALTOR Member from membership Any dues changes must be approved in advance by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Directors present and voting at any duly constituted meeting, provided that notice of such proposed change is given to the Directors and BOARDS at least thirty (30) days prior to such meeting In the event that a Board and NAR waive the annual dues for a Member, based on service or recognition, CAR dues will also be waived for the same time period REALTOR membership will not be granted to any applicant who has an unfulfilled sanction pending which was imposed by another Board or Association of REALTORS for violation of the Code of Ethics Applicants for REALTOR membership shall complete an orientation program on the Code of Ethics of not less than two hours and thirty minutes of instructional time. This requirement does not apply to applicants for REALTOR membership who have completed orientation in another association, provided that REALTOR membership has been continuous, or that any break in membership is for one (1) year or less. Failure to satisfy this requirement within 180 days of the date of application will result in denial of the membership application Effective January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2004, and for successive four year periods thereafter, each REALTOR Member of the association shall be required to complete quadrennial ethics training of not less than two hours and thirty minutes of instructional time. This requirement will be satisfied upon presentation of documentation that the Member has completed a course of instruction conducted by CAR or another association or any other recognized educational institution or provider which meets the learning objectives and minimum criteria established by the NAR from time to time. REALTOR Members who have completed training as a requirement of membership in another association and REALTOR Members who have completed the New Member Code of Ethics Orientation during any four year cycle shall not be required to complete additional ethics training until a new four year cycle commences. Failure to satisfy this requirement shall be considered a violation of a membership duty for which REALTOR membership shall be suspended until such time as the training is completed. Failure to meet the requirement for the second (2005 through 2008) cycle and subsequent four (4) year cycles will result in suspension of membership for the first two months (January and February) of the year following the end of any four (4) year cycle or until the requirement is met, whichever occurs sooner. On March 1 of that year, the membership of a Member who is still suspended as of that date will be automatically terminated Any dues payment that is in addition to the dues that are calculated and defined in this Article 5 shall be deemed to be voluntary dues. A. Any voluntary dues payments which are made by an individual Member shall be submitted and handled according to the same requirements and limitations as set forth in this Article 5. CAR Bylaws Page 11

12 B. Voluntary dues payments from individual Members shall be solely made for the purpose of making political contributions and the dues billing statement shall contain any necessary disclaimers for Federal and Colorado State income tax purposes. C. Any dues which are paid pursuant to this Section 5.13 shall not be subject to the limitations and requirements as set forth under Section 5.8 herein. It shall be strictly at the discretion of the individual member making a voluntary dues payment to determine the amount of that payment, albeit an amount that is permissible under the limitations provided for under both Federal and Colorado state law Limited Function Referral Office - The annual dues of each designated REALTOR Member actively engaged in the real estate business from areas not within the jurisdiction of a Member Board shall be (1) an amount as established by the Board of Directors, plus (2) an amount as established by the Board of Directors times the number of real estate brokers, and licensed or certified appraiser who (a) are employed by or affiliated as independent contractors, or who are otherwise directly or indirectly licensed with such REALTOR Members, and (b) are not REALTOR, REALTOR-Associate, or Institute Affiliate members. An individual shall be deemed to be licensed with a REALTOR if the license of the individual is held by the REALTOR, or any broker who is licensed with the REALTOR, or by any entity in which the REALTOR has a direct or indirect ownership interest and which is engaged in other aspects of the real estate business (except as provided for in Section 5.14(A) hereof) that the license is not otherwise included in the computation of dues payable by the principal, partner, corporate officer, or branch office manager of the entity. A. A REALTOR with a direct or indirect ownership interest in an entity engaged exclusively in soliciting and/or referring clients and customers to the REALTOR for consideration on a substantially exclusive basis shall annually file with the association on a form approved by the association, a list of the licensees affiliated with that entity, and shall certify that all of the licensees affiliated with the entity are solely engaged in referring clients and customers and are not engaged in listing, selling, leasing, renting, managing, counseling, or appraising real property. The individuals disclosed on such form shall not be deemed to be licensed with the REALTOR filing the form for purposes of this section, and shall not be included in calculating the annual dues of the designated REALTOR. The exemption for any licensee included on the certification form shall automatically be revoked upon the individual being engaged in real estate licensed activities (listing, selling, leasing, renting, managing, counseling, or appraising real property) other than referrals, and dues for the current fiscal year shall be payable. Membership dues shall be prorated for any licensee included on a certification form submitted to the association who during the same calendar year applies for REALTOR or REALTOR-Associate members in the association. However, membership dues shall not be prorated if the licensee held REALTOR or REALTOR-Associate membership during the preceding year. CAR Bylaws Page 12

13 ARTICLE 6 OFFICERS, ELECTIVE & APPOINTIVE DUTIES 6.1. The elective year shall begin at the installation during the annual state convention Elective Officers - The Elective Officers of CAR shall be the Chairman of the Board ( Chairman ), Chairman of the Board-Elect ( Chairman-Elect), one Chair from each district (as set forth by Article 10) and a Treasurer, all whom shall be REALTOR Members of CAR. The Chairman shall not be eligible for re-election. All elected officers shall be elected to serve for one year or until their successors are elected and qualified and must meet the criteria as specified for each office as approved by the Directors. In the event that there are no candidates for one of the elective offices, the CAR Credentials Committee and the Past Chairmen s Advisory Council may serve as a selection committee to recruit candidates for the vacant offices. In the event that there are no candidates for Chairman- Elect, the Treasurer shall serve in this position until a qualified candidate is elected and inducted Duties of Elective Officers - The duties of the officers shall be such as their titles, by general usage, would indicate and such as may be assigned to them respectively by the Directors from time to time, and as such as are required by law. A. The Chairman of the Board shall be the highest elected officer of CAR and shall preside at its meetings and those of the Board of Directors and Leadership Council. The Chairman-Elect may, at the direction of the Chairman, preside at the meetings. The Chairman shall appoint all committees, subject to the approval of the Directors shall be ex-officio member of all committees, and shall perform all other duties usual to such office. The Chairman shall also appoint the chair of all standing and operating committees and the Chairman-Elect shall appoint the vice-chair of all committees. Succession from the vice-chair to the chair shall not be automatically assumed. B. The Chairman-Elect shall perform the duties of the Chairman in the event of absence or disability, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Leadership Council or the Chairman. The Chairman-Elect shall succeed to the office of Chairman. If the office of the Chairman should become vacant between elections, the Chairman-Elect shall fill the vacancy and complete the unexpired term. The Chairman- Elect who fills a vacancy in the office of Chairman shall automatically become Chairman for a full term after completion of the unexpired term; shall head CAR delegations to NAR meetings, and shall be responsible for the coordination of meetings of delegations. C. The Treasurer shall be the custodian of CAR funds and securities and the disbursing officer of CAR; shall deposit in such depositories and in such manner as the Directors may designate and direct, and shall be relieved of responsibility therefore while they are in the custody of such depository; shall keep a correct account of all monies received and paid out and, at each meeting of the Directors, shall submit a report of the financial status of CAR for the preceding period. If the Chairman-Elect is unable or unwilling to act, the Treasurer shall perform the duties of the Chairman-Elect during the Chairman-Elect's absence from office CAR Bylaws Page 13

14 until the next Directors meeting, at which time a new acting Chairman-Elect will be appointed by the Directors. D. The District Chairs shall coordinate the work of CAR in their respective districts and act as the representative of the Chairman in such matters as may be assigned to them. The District Chairs serve as members of the Leadership Council and the Board of Directors Additional Appointive Officers and Duties. A. Division Chairs From the slate submitted by the Credentials Committee, the Chairman shall appoint Division Chairs from the REALTOR Members of CAR in good standing. Such appointments are subject to approval of the Directors. 1) The function and duty of the Division Chairs shall be to assist the Chairman in the administration of CAR business. They shall be responsible for coordinating the activities of the following divisions: (a) Board Services (b) Government Affairs (c) Member Services 2) The Division Chairs shall serve at the pleasure of the Chairman and their term of office shall terminate with the end of the term of office of the Chairman who appointed them. If a Division Chair should leave office prior to term expiration, for whatever reason, the Chairman may appoint a replacement, subject to the approval of the Directors. 3) A Division Chair may serve as a Director elected by a Board with no effect on existing voting rights. B. There shall be a Chief Executive Officer who shall be appointed by the Directors, who shall have the authority to employ and discharge all staff members and shall be responsible for the supervision of all staff members. The Chief Executive Officer shall be bonded or insured in such amount as the Directors may determine the cost to be paid by CAR. The Chief Executive Officer shall serve as the corporate President. C. The Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer or Chief Financial Officer shall serve as Corporate Secretary of CAR and shall perform such other duties as may be delegated by the Directors or Chairman, and all other duties usual to such office. The Corporate Secretary shall be approved by the Board of Directors. D. The Directors may retain a General Counsel and/or Legislative Counsel who shall perform the duties usual to such office Vacancies not otherwise provided for among the officers or in the Board of Directors shall be filled by the Board of Directors until the next annual election. CAR Bylaws Page 14

15 6.6. In the event of the death or disability of an elected or appointed officer, or incapacity of the said individual, the office shall be filled until the next Board of Directors meeting by a person appointed by the, CAR Leadership Council. ARTICLE 7 DIRECTORS AND LEADERSHIP COUNCIL 7.1. Board of Directors - The government of CAR shall be vested in a Board of Directors of from one to 200 Members, as determined by the Board of Directors from time to time, and shall be composed of the Chairman of the Board, the Immediate Past Chairman, the Chairman-Elect, the District Chair of each district, the Treasurer, the Representative of each Affiliate Institute, Council or Society of NAR, the President or Vice President of the CAR Education Foundation, the President or Vice President of CARHOF, each NAR Director, the Division Chairs, the Directors elected, and the CAR Past Chairmen. The Chief Executive Officer shall serve as a non-voting ex-officio Member of the Board of Directors. Except as provided in Section 8.1(G), proxy votes will not be counted. Under no circumstance will absentee votes be counted at any duly constituted meeting. No Director may sell his or her vote on any matter regardless of whether or not a valid proxy notice is filed with the Chief Executive Officer in compliance with Article 8. Any Director that sells his or her vote will be subject to discipline which may include the removal from their respective elected and/or appointed capacity. A. The term of office of the Directors shall start immediately following their installation at the annual state convention. Each Director shall serve until a replacement has been duly elected and installed. B. Those Officers and Directors whose terms have expired do not have the right to make motions or vote. C. The Directors shall have sole authority to appropriate money but should not unreasonably obligate CAR beyond their tenure of office. D. The Directors shall meet upon call of the Chairman or upon written petition of one third of the Director Members. It shall be the policy of the Directors to hold two regular meetings. E. One third of the Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of CAR business. F. If a CAR Director is appointed or elected to a second CAR office or position within CAR which also carries designation as a Director, the following applies: voting power remains unchanged at one vote; and no vacancy shall be created because of a dual role unless one position is resigned Leadership Council - There shall be a Leadership Council from the REALTOR membership in good standing and the Chairman shall serve as Chairman thereof. The Chairman-Elect may, at CAR Bylaws Page 15

16 the direction of the Chairman, preside at the Leadership Council meetings. The Leadership Council shall, in the interim between regular meetings of the Directors, conduct the affairs of CAR according to the policies and instructions of the Directors and shall meet on call of the Chairman. A. The Leadership Council shall be composed of the Chairman of the Board, the Immediate Past Chairman, the Chairman-Elect, the Treasurer, the District Chairs, the Division Chairs and the Board AE Representative. The Chief Executive Officer shall serve as a non-voting ex-officio member of the Leadership Council. B. The Chairman may appoint an additional Past Chairman to serve as a voting Member of the Leadership Council. 7.3 Past Chairmen of CAR who are REALTOR Members of CAR, shall act as voting Members of the Directors. Past Chairmen shall not be required to attend meetings of the Directors. 7.4 Except as provided in Section 7.3 of this Article, any Director who shall be absent from two consecutive regular meetings of the Directors shall automatically forfeit office unless the Leadership Council waives this provision after receiving a satisfactory written explanation for said absences. 7.5 NAR Directors - NAR Director Nominees who shall represent Colorado are recommended to NAR by the Board of Directors and subsequently elected by the NAR Board of Directors according to their Constitution and Bylaws. ARTICLE 8 ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 8.1. Election of CAR Directors - Directors shall be elected or appointed annually, by and from each Board, for one, two or three year terms. A. On or before April 30th of each year, CAR, through its Chief Executive Officer, will notify each Board of its total certified membership as of March 31st and the number of Directors eligible for election or appointment by the Board. The number of such elected or appointed Directors serving from each Board shall be based upon each Board's REALTOR Membership as certified on the records of CAR on March 31st of each year as follows: Membership Number of Directors members members ,000 members 3 1,001 3,000 members 4 3,001 5,000 members 5 5,001 7,000 members 6 7,001 or more members 7 CAR Bylaws Page 16

17 B. On or before September 1st, each Board shall elect or appoint its designated number of Directors. Procedures for election or appointment shall be as provided by the Bylaws or policies of the Board. C. Each Board will certify to CAR, on or before September 1 of each year, the names of the Directors so elected or appointed in order for such new Directors to be installed at the State Convention. In the event a Board fails to certify the names of the new Directors on or before September 1, such new Directors will be installed by the Presiding officer at the next regular Director meeting. In such event, a vacancy or vacancies shall exist on the Board of Directors until the new Director (s) is installed. D. BOARDS will elect or appoint only REALTOR Members in good standing as Directors. E. Vacancies - A Director who resigns will do so for the full term of office. In such case, the vacancy can be filled for the unexpired term by a recommended, qualified, REALTOR Member from the Board concerned, or as otherwise provided in these Bylaws. F. Votes Each Director shall have one vote at the Board of Directors, except: 1) Each Director elected and certified pursuant to paragraph A of this Section 1 for BOARDS with more than 2,000 certified members as of March 31st shall have two votes at the Board of Directors meetings, but not in District elections or in committees. 2) On or before September 1 of each year, BOARDS choosing to have one less Director than provided in Article 8, Section 8.1, shall name the Director that will have the additional vote(s) at the Board of Directors meetings, but not in District Elections or Committees. G. Proxy voting- A Director may transfer all, but not less than all, of its voting rights to the Directors District Chair or another Director from the Directors local association by delivery of a proxy notice to the Chief Executive Officer no less than twenty-four (24) hours prior to the start of a Board of Directors meeting at which the proxy notice is to be effective. In the case of a family, health, or weather emergency, the Chief Executive Officer, in his sole discretion, may waive the 24 hour requirement and accept the proxy notice, provided it meets the requirements of subparagraph 1(i) through 1(iv) below. 1) A proxy notice must include: b) Name, address, and phone number of the Director issuing the proxy; c) Name, address, and phone number of the Director receiving the proxy; d) The time period for which the proxy is effective; and e) A statement by the Director issuing the proxy that he understands that by granting the proxy he or she will not be entitled to vote on any matters before the Board of Directors during the relevant time period. CAR Bylaws Page 17

18 2) A proxy will terminate upon the earlier of: (1) expiration of the time period described in the proxy notice, or (2) the delivery of written notice to the Chief Executive Officer revoking the proxy notice provided that the notice is delivered to the Chief Executive Officer at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the start of the next Board of Directors meeting. If the notice of revocation is not delivered at least twenty four (24) hours prior to the start of the next Board of Directors meeting then the termination will be effective immediately following the end of such Board of Directors meeting. 3) A Director that has delivered a valid proxy notice will still have the right to attend and participate (other than casting votes) in the Board of Directors meeting. 4) A Director may not further transfer or assign a proxy granted to the Director. 5) The Leadership Council may adopt such other rules and regulations relating to proxy notices as the Leadership Council may deem necessary in its sole and absolute discretion. H. Designated Directors Each Board will certify to CAR, on or before September 1 of each year, the names of the Directors identified in paragraph F(1) or in paragraph F(2), who shall have two votes (Designated Director). No such Designated Director shall have more than two votes by reason of being appointed or elected to a second office or position which also carries designation as a Director. Designated Directors shall count as one Director for purpose of determining a quorum at the Board of Directors and at the Annual General Membership meeting Annual Election - An Annual Election ( Annual Election ) will be held in June of each year at a time to be determined by the Chairman. The sole purpose of the Annual Election will be to hold the elections described in this Article 8. No other business may be conducted during the Annual Election. All voting at the Annual Election will be done electronically using software specifically designed for electronic voting and which allows votes to be cast via the internet, or other electronic means. If one-third or more of the Directors vote, a quorum will be established. The Leadership Council will be responsible for selecting a software provider and overseeing the Annual Election. The Annual Election will be governed by the following election procedures (collectively Annual Election Procedures ): A. Credentials Committee - The Chairman, prior to January 31st following election, shall appoint a Credentials Committee comprised of the following: the Immediate Past Chairman, who shall serve as chairman (unless he is running for office); one Past Chairman; two District Chairs, and two members at large. The two Members at large serving on the Credentials Committee shall not be from the same districts as the two District Chairs who are serving. If any committee member shall be unqualified, unable or unwilling to serve, the Chairman shall appoint another CAR member in good standing, fulfilling as nearly as possible the intent of the foregoing provisions of this subsection. B. Slate - The Credentials Committee shall submit the names of all qualified candidates for each office to be filled by election, and for each Division Chairman to be appointed and each NAR CAR Bylaws Page 18

19 Director to be recommended, said names to be selected from the current list of active REALTOR Members of CAR. C. Election/Confirmation of Chairman of the Board - The Chairman of the Board-Elect shall be confirmed as Chairman by the Directors; however, in the event the Chairman-Elect is unqualified, unable or unwilling to serve and therefore is not confirmed as Chairman by the Directors, the election of the Chairman shall be held according to the procedures described below for the election of Chairman-Elect. D. Balloting and Voting - The Chief Executive Officer shall use reasonable efforts to cause an electronic ballot listing the nominees for CAR Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Board-Elect, Treasurer, District Chairs, District Chair-Elects, and NAR Directors to be delivered electronically to each Director eligible to vote on such matter. 1) All votes shall be by electronic ballot and immediately tabulated. An impartial committee selected by the Chairman will oversee the tabulation of the results for the offices of Chairman, Chairman-Elect, Treasurer, District Chairs, District Chair-Elects, and NAR Directorship recommendations. 2) With the exception of the NAR Directorship recommendation election, each nominee for the offices of Chairman, Chairman-Elect, Treasurer, District Chair, and District Chair- Elect must be elected by a majority vote of the Directors eligible to vote on the first ballot ( First Ballot ). In the event there are more than two nominees for a particular office and no single nominee receives a majority vote of the Directors present on the First Ballot, a run-off vote shall be taken between the two nominees receiving the most votes. If there are only two nominees for a particular office and the nominees tie on the First Ballot a run-off will be held between the two nominees. In any case, the run-off vote will be deemed to be a continuation of the Annual Election at which the vote on the First Ballot was taken and a quorum will be deemed to exist. Each nominee will be elected by a majority vote of the Directors voting in the run-off election. The run-off election will be held no later than ten (10) days from the date of the First Ballot. If a tie occurs in a runoff election, the winner will be determined by each nominee drawing one card from a standard playing card deck of fifty-two (52) cards. The nominee drawing the higher card, with Ace being the highest card will be declared the winner. If both players draw cards of the same number (or rank in the case of face cards) the nominees will redraw until a winner is determined. The suit of the card is disregarded for all purposes. 3) In the case of the NAR Directorship recommendation election, the positions to which CAR is entitled to, as determined by NAR s Bylaws will be filled in the order of the results of the voting. The nominee with the most number of votes will receive CAR s recommendation for a NAR Directorship with the longest available term. The nominee with the second most vote total will receive CAR s recommendation for NAR Directorship with the second longest available term. This process will be repeated until there are no more recommendations to be filled. In the case of a tie, the order of priority will be determined by each nominee drawing one card from a standard playing card deck of fifty-two (52) cards. The nominee drawing the higher card, with Ace being the highest CAR Bylaws Page 19