The Road to Change. From the Declaration of Independence to the Constitution
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1 The Road to Change From the Declaration of Independence to the Constitution
2 From the Declaration of Independence to the 1776: Colonists sign the Declaration of Independence 1783: Colonists win the American Revolution 1788: Colonists sign the Constitution
3 When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve their political bands which have connected
4 Main Ideas of the Declaration of Independence When it becomes necessary to get rid of one s government, you must explain why you are doing so. The colonists considered it to be clear to everyone that all men are created equal and that God has given them certain basic rights that can not be taken away. These basic rights include life, liberty [freedom], and the pursuit of happiness [the right to do whatever makes them happy.] Governments are built for the sole purpose of protecting these basic rights. Governments are given their power by the people they
5 Main Ideas of the Declaration of Independence (cont.) If a government becomes corrupt, the people have a right to change or get rid of it and put in place a new government. Governments should not be gotten rid of for small or unimportant reasons. In the case of the colonies, they have put up with years of abuse and misuse of power, and they therefore have the right to overthrow the British government and to establish their own government in its place. The King of England has a long history of abusing power [the
6 REVOLUTION!!!
7 We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
8 Before, During, and After BEFORE THE REVOLUTION: The colonies functioned as 13 separate countries before the American Revolution. DURING: The colonies united against a common enemy during the Revolution. AFTER THE REVOLUTION: The unity dissolved once the Revolution ended they each had different visions of the new America.
9 The Constitutional Convention Who was there? 55 white men Most under 50 years old Well-educated Lawyers, businessmen, and plantation owners All at least moderately financially successful. George Washington (President) Benjamin Franklin James Madison Alexander Hamilton
10 The Constitution!! n Starring: Three Branches of Government
11 The Constitution s 3 Branches
12 They also established Checks and Balances Which meant that each branch could check and balance every other branch.
13 For example, If the President (Executive Branch) appoints a new justice to the Supreme Court (Judicial Branch), Congress (Legislative Branch) can veto the appointment. The President (Executive Branch) must ask Congress (Legislative Branch) to declare war before he or she may wage war as Commander
14 More Checks and Balances:
15 The Federal System + 3 Branches State Government Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Federal Government Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch
16 3 Branches, Again: Local Government Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch
17 But it wasn t that easy... Delegates couldn t agree on a few things: How to determine state representation? Should all states have an equal voice regardless of their size? Is it fair for California and Rhode Island be treated the same? OR Should states receive seats relative to their population? In this scenario, CA would get many more seats (votes) than RI. WHAT DO YOU THINK? WHAT
18 The Great Compromise
19 Now, the next problem Southern states wanted slaves to count towards their population count, because more people meant more representatives in the House of Representatives. Northern states didn t want slaves to count towards the southern states population count, because that would give the South more say in Congress.
20 To Problem & the Solution
21 To Review The Three-Fifths Compromise A slave would be worth three-fifths of a person. Three-fifths of a person for population count, which determined both How many representatives each state could send to Congress
22 Three-fifths of a person?
23 Three-fifths of a person?
24 Three-fifths of a person?
25 Three-fifths of a person?
26 Three-fifths of a person?
27 Three-fifths of a person?
28 Ew!
29 There was just one more problem to solve...
30
31
32
33
34 Should slavery and the slave trade be legal?
35 They decided to talk about that later, hoping that that issue would resolve itself.
36 Ew.
37 One Last Smart Addition: Amendments The Constitution also explained how it could be amended (changed) in the future, if any unforeseen additions or alternations became necessary.
38 When the delegates finished writing the Constitution, It was sent back to the 13 states to be approved. By the end of June 1788, 9 states had ratified the Constitution. Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island refused to sign it because they felt that there wasn t enough of an emphasis on individual rights in the Constitution.
39 These states finally agreed to ratify the Constitution with the promise that a list of specific rights and protections would be added to the Constitution at the earliest possible moment.
40 In 1789, Congress met again to discuss which human rights should be added to the Constitution.
41 In 1791, The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution
42 The Bill of Rights was the first ten amendments to the Constitution n Freedom of speech, press, and religion n Right to remain silent n Right to a lawyer and a jury n Right to be secure in your home, free from unwarranted searches and seizures.
43 Some great amendments have been added: 13th, 1865: Slavery is abolished 15th, 1870: Blacks can vote 19th, 1920: Women can vote
44 People are still proposing amendments today. Prayer allowed in schools Non-natural born citizens allowed to become president if citizens for at least 20 years Abolishment of the Electoral College
45 We still use the Constitution today. It is the rule book for the American Government!
46 Wow!! What a lasting document. Those Founding Fathers really made history!
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