Chapter 11 Test Review

Transcription

1 American Government Honors 1. Which of the following statements about revenue bills is correct? Chapter 11 Test Review [E] Full-House rider. Tryciecky [A] They must originate in the Senate. [B] They must originate with the president. [C] They can originate in either the House or the Senate. [D] They must originate in the House. [E] They must originate in the Senate Finance Committee. 2. The explanation for congressional voting behavior that assumes members vote on the basis of their beliefs is referred to as [A] relational. [B] attitudinal. [C] representational. [D] organizatio nal. [E] conventional. 3. Compared to the Senate of the 1950s and 1960s, today s Senate can best be described as [A] less party centered, less leader oriented, more hospitable to freshmen, more heavily staffed, and more subcommittee oriented. [B] more party centered, more leader oriented, less to freshmen, more heavily staffed, and less subcommittee oriented. [C] more party centered, less leader oriented, less hospitable to freshmen, less heavily staffed, and less subcommittee oriented. [D] more party centered, more leader oriented, more hospitable to freshmen, more heavily staffed, and less subcommittee oriented. [E] less party centered, more leader oriented, more hospitable to freshmen, less heavily staffed, and more subcommittee oriented. 4. The sharp rise in the proportion of House members serving only their first or second term in 1995 can be attributed to all of the following except [A] decreasing use of seniority as criteria for selection of committee chairs. [B] voter disgust of a variety of Washington political scandals. [C] redrawing of congressional district lines after the 1990 census to the disadvantage of incumbents. [D] conversion of the South from being solidly Democratic to a Republican stronghold. [E] B and D. 5. A bill that has many nongermane amendments tacked on is called a [A] Dirkson Special bill. [B] golden shovel bill. [C] pork-barrel bill. [D] Christmas-tree bill. 6. A basic difference between a parliament such as Great Britain s and the U.S. Congress is that [A] members of Parliament have more power and higher pay. [B] Congress does not select a president. [C] members of Congress are more likely to vote the party line. [D] the principal role of Congress is to debate national issues. [E] None of these. 7. From the standpoint of the ambitions of a newly elected Democratic senator, the most important element in party organization is the [A] party whip. [B] president pro tempore. [C] Foreign Relations Committee. [D] Judiciary Committee. [E] Steering Committee. 8. Because they are usually the only ones that can report out bills, the most important committees are the [A] select committees. [B] conference committees. [C] standing committees. [D] joint committees. [E] rejoinder committees. 9. Political scientist Gary Jacobson argues that Democratic dominance of the House is best explained by [A] partisan redistricting. [B] voter turnout in minority districts. [C] electoral politics. [D] incumbency advantages. [E] swing voters. 10. The maximum number of committees that can be chaired by one senator is [A] There is no limit on the number. [B] one. [C] three. [D] five. [E] two. 11. The text suggests that the importance of congressional legislators, compared with members of parliament, can best be inferred from the

2 [A] number of committee assignments they have. [B] number of votes they receive in elections. [C] number of votes they cast while in office. [D] resources they receive while in office. [E] frequency with which they debate major bills. 12. Besides the United States, which other nations have congresses? [A] Great Britain and most European nations only [B] most Latin American countries only [C] Great Britain only [D] most European nations and China [E] most European nations only 13. A bill to raise taxes would first be referred to the [A] Senate Judiciary Committee. [B] Congressional Budget Office. [C] House Ways and Means Committee. [D] Senate Appropriations Committee. [E] House Appropriations Committee. 14. The type of committee most likely to deal with a bill near the end of its legislative process is the [A] rejoinder committee. [B] select committee. [C] standing committee. [D] joint committee. [E] conference committee. 15. The original purpose of the General Accounting Office (GAO) was to perform [A] research in the Library of Congress. [B] audits of financial records. [C] employment application evaluations. [D] evaluations of technological advancements. [E] audits of high ranking military officers. 16. The Congressional Black Caucus is one of the best known [A] state delegations. [B] national constituency caucuses. [C] auxiliary caucuses. [D] specialized caucuses. [E] interest groups. 17. The changes brought about by the committee bill of rights in the early 1970s included the right to have subcommittee jurisdiction determined by the [A] sub-committee chairpersons. [B] committee chairperson. [C] majority party members on the committee. [D] Democratic Study Group (DSG). [E] party whips. 18. In the Senate, committees such as Rules and Administration, Small Business, and Veterans Affairs are examples of [A] major committees. [B] minor committees. [C] rejoined committees. [D] conference committees. [E] select committees. 19. One study reported in the text showed that the strongest correlation between congressional voting and constituency opinion was in the area of [A] foreign policy. [B] social welfare. [C] civil rights. [D] taxation. [E] commercial regulation. 20. Increased reliance on staff has made Congress more [A] deliberative. [B] individualistic. [C] collegial. [D] personal. [E] philanthropic. 21. A problem with the representational interpretation of congressional voting behavior is that [A] senior members of Congress have little need to be concerned about public opinion. [B] most politicians are not theoreticians. [C] on many key issues, public opinion is weak or vague. [D] most politicians have a strong academic backgound. [E] such representation relates to the House but not to the Senate. 22. Among the many powers of the House Speaker is that he or she [A] schedules legislation. [B] keeps party leaders informed about the opinions of their party members.

3 [C] appoints members of special and select committees. [D] takes the minutes. [E] assigns party members to the various committees. 23. The process allows the Speaker to send a bill to a second committee after the first committee is finished acting on it. [A] remedial referral [B] multiple referral [C] mandate referral [D] sequential referral [E] definitive referral 24. The Senate, not the House, became the crucial forum for debating the issue of slavery because [A] the Senate had no rule limiting debate. [B] House representatives were picked by the state legislatures. [C] the House was too decentralized. [D] the House at that time was dominated by the executive branch. [E] the Senate had the larger black representation. 25. Among the many powers of the House Speaker is that he or she [A] assigns party members to the various committees. [B] rules on the relevance of motions. [C] determines the seating in chamber. [D] keeps party leaders informed about the opinions of their party members. [E] schedules legislation. 26. Which of the following statements about the speed with which bills move through Congress is correct? [A] It is depressingly slow in most cases. [B] It has been increasing as a result of teller votes. [C] It has been decreasing as Congress has grown. [D] It can vary enormously. [E] It has been increasing in the electronic age. 27. In the last thirty congressional elections, the gap between votes and seats in the House is illustrated by the fact that the [A] Republican percentage of vote has been higher than the Republican percentage of House seats. [B] Democratic percentage of vote has been higher than the Democratic percentage of House seats. [C] Republican percentage of vote has been lower than the Republican percentage of House seats. [D] Democratic percentage of vote has been lower than the Democratic percentage of House seats. [E] A and D. 28. The anti-incumbent mood directed toward members of Congress by voters in recent years has worked to the disadvantage of [A] Democrats. [B] Republicans. [C] Republicans and Independents. [D] Independents. [E] Democrats and Republicans equally. 29. A member of the Senate has just been elected to a position that requires him to keep the majority leader informed about the opinions of other party members. He has just been elected [A] chairperson of the Judiciary Committee. [B] president pro tempore. [C] chairman of the Policy Committee. [D] majority party whip. [E] chairman of the Steering Committee. 30. If you were a newly elected member of Congress interested in serving constituency groups, you would probably ask to be assigned to the [A] Standards of Official Conduct Committee. [B] Foreign Affairs Committee. [C] Armed Services Committee. [D] Post Office and Civil Service Committee. [E] B and C. 31. The main reason why the House dominated Congress in the first quarter of the nineteenth century was the [A] dominant role of sectionalism. [B] burdensome rules in the Senate. [C] existence of the seniority system. [D] influence of the party caucus. [E] dominant role of conservatism. 32. The Senate, not the House, became the crucial forum for debating the issue of slavery because [A] the House was too decentralized. [B] the House at that time was dominated by the executive branch. [C] House rules favored incumbents over challengers. [D] the Senate had the larger black representation. [E] senators were picked by the state legislatures. 33. The overriding political question throughout the evolution of Congress has been the [A] distribution of powers within Congress.

4 [B] balance of power among Congress, the executive, and the judiciary. [C] rules pertaining to committee assignments. [D] curtailment of presidential activism. [E] role of the parties in selecting members. 34. In Great Britain s parliamentary system, the renomination of a member of Parliament depends principally on that member s [A] campaign theme. [B] loyalty to the party. [C] popularity rating in public opinion polls. [D] performance in nationwide primaries. [E] performance during his or her tenure in Parliament. 35. If you wanted to know what a member of Congress really thought about a bill, you would be best advised to look at how he or she voted [A] during the quorum call on the bill. [B] on the referral of the bill. [C] on amendments to the bill. [D] in the previous session. [E] on the final passage of a bill. 36. Under the original U.S. Constitution, members of the Senate, unlike members of the House, were selected by [A] primary runoffs. [B] regional coalitions. [C] state legislatures. [D] direct elections. [E] the president. 37. A discharge petition is used by the House to [A] override a presidential veto. [B] amend a bill that has already passed one house but not the other. [C] get a bill stalled in committee onto the floor. [D] amend a bill in a manner that will make it quite unpopular. [E] make revisions and additions to a bill before it is voted on. 38. Among the many powers of the House Speaker is that he or she [A] decides whom to recognize to speak on the floor. [B] assigns party members to the various committees. [C] takes the minutes. [D] keeps party leaders informed about the opinions of their party members. [E] schedules legislation. 39. Staff members are most likely to see themselves entirely as personal advocates if they work [A] for a courtroom. [B] on a research agency in Congress. [C] for individual members of Congress. [D] for a committee minority. [E] for a committee majority. 40. In the Senate, a filibuster can be ended by invoking [A] a rider. [B] mark-up. [C] a quorum. [D] cloture. [E] a meeting of the whole. 41. A rider is usually added to a bill to [A] circumvent or influence presidential action. [B] speed up the legislative process. [C] reward or punish certain interest groups. [D] entice courts to question its constitutionality. [E] slow down the legislative process. 42. caucuses are perceived by their members as representing certain groups nationwide. [A] Stratified [B] Personal [C] Intraparty [D] Constituency [E] Delegate 43. The purpose of a filibuster is to [A] protect majority rule. [B] shift legislative power to the Senate committees. [C] ensure that all sides of an issue are heard. [D] delay action in a legislative body. [E] magnify the impact of specific special interests. 44. The British House of Commons differs most obviously from Congress in the role played in it by [A] party organization. [B] primaries. [C] legislative roles. [D] money.

5 [E] general elections. 45. The explanation for congressional voting behavior that assumes members vote to please their colleagues is referred to as [A] representational. [B] conventional. [C] organizational. [D] relational. [E] attitudinal. 46. Which of the following is not a reason why less corruption exists in Congress today than in the nineteenth century? [A] People are better educated. [B] Party bosses have lost power. [C] The media have a strong incentive to expose corruption. [D] Congress is more centralized. [E] A and B 47. The treatment that Congress gave President Carter s energy plan shows that [A] reforms in Congress have made it more of a deliberative body. [B] ideology is more important than institutional factors in determining the fate of bills. [C] Republicans have less incentive than Democrats to compromise on legislation when rules are restrictive. [D] passing complex legislation is difficult for Congress. [E] public opinion will ultimately have an effect on a bill s chances for passage. 48. If the Framers had created a parliament instead of a congress, it is reasonable to assume that its principal function would be [A] representation and action. [B] conducting foreign policy. [C] debate. [D] investigation and censure. [E] involvement in the details of administration. 49. To propose an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Congress would have to pass a [A] bill. [B] joint resolution. [C] bypass resolution. [D] simple resolution. [E] concurrent resolution. 50. A basic difference between a parliament such as Great Britain s and the U.S. Congress is that [A] the principal role of Congress is to debate national issues. [B] members of Congress are more likely to vote the party line. [C] party members in a parliament vote together on most issues. [D] party members in Congress are more restrained by the leadership. [E] members of Parliament have more power and higher pay. 51. If you were a newly elected member of Congress interested in becoming an expert on a particular policy and influencing your colleagues on this policy, you would probably ask to be assigned to the [A] Post Office and Civil Service Committee. [B] Ethics Committee. [C] Ways and Means Committee. [D] Appropriations Committee. [E] Public Works and Transportation Committee. 52. Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution confers on Congress all of the following powers except [A] the power to establish courts. [B] the power to collect taxes. [C] the power to regulate commerce. [D] the power to declare war. [E] the power to veto bills. 53. Unlike the House, the scheduling of legislation in the Senate is [A] controlled by the Rules Committee. [B] governed by closed rather than open rules. [C] determined ad hoc. [D] determined by the majority and minority leaders. [E] initiated by means of a discharge petition. 54. Over the past two decades, senators, compared with the average voter, were consistently more [A] liberal in the 1970s, conservative in the 1980s. [B] moderate. [C] liberal. [D] conservative. [E] conservative in the 1970s, liberal in the 1980s. 55. Which of the following statements about most joint resolutions is correct? [A] They require the approval of both houses but not the signature of the president. [B] They must be approved by two-thirds vote of each house. [C] They must be approved by all members of both chambers. [D] They require the approval of one house only along with the signature of the

6 president. [E] They require the approval of both houses and the signature of the president. 56. The most important aspect of the process of selecting Senate members for key leadership and committee positions is [A] achieving ideological and regional balance. [B] returning political favors. [C] paying off political debts. [D] finding the best person available for the job. [E] selecting individuals who make an effective television appearance. 57. A mark-up session is one in which [A] a committee or subcommittee makes changes in the original version of a bill. [B] committee chairmen meet to discuss the order of discussion for revenue bills. [C] a conference committee makes key compromises before reporting back to both houses. [D] the party leadership assigns priority ratings to numerous bills. [E] the Rules Committee determines the conditions under which floor debate will be conducted. 58. If you work on the staff of a member of Congress, you are most likely to [A] remain objective about the bills that are supported by your employer. [B] be a Libertarian. [C] see the public interest through the eyes of your employer. [D] become an advocate of bills that are clearly in the public interest. [E] be an independent thinker. 59. In the Senate, the greatest power is in the hands of the [A] Speaker. [B] chairperson of the Judiciary Committee. [C] majority leader. [D] president pro tempore. [E] minority whip. 60. The typical member of Congress is a(n) [A] middle-aged, white, Protestant businessman. [B] older, white, Protestant businessman. [C] young, white, communications major. [D] older, white, Catholic lawyer. [E] middle-aged, white, Protestant lawyer. 61. Votes in Congress that evoked party splits during the 1990s were most likely to be reflected of [A] party efforts to keep power. [B] parties attempting to dispense patronage. [C] sharp ideological differences between parties. [D] parties funded by PAC money. [E] parties interested in winning elections. 62. In Great Britain s parliamentary system, candidates for Parliament are selected by [A] the people, through primary elections. [B] delegates to the party conventions. [C] the Prime Minister. [D] other members of Parliament, as in a private club. [E] the party. 63. A marginal district is one in which [A] the constituency is made up of largely minority groups. [B] voters frequently change party affiliation. [C] the winner in an election gets less than 55 percent of the vote. [D] voters are not clear as to which candidate is the incumbent. [E] gerrymandering has produced a loose affiliation of interest groups. 64. Most of the power in Congress is found in [A] caucuses. [B] specialized caucuses. [C] state delegations. [D] the committees. [E] party leaders. 65. The reason a member of Congress votes for or against a bill or amendment may be any of the following except [A] attitudinal. [B] relational. [C] conventional. [D] organizational. [E] representational. 66. Which of the following statements about conference reports is correct? [A] They must be approved by a majority of each party delegation. [B] They cannot be rejected. [C] They do not tend to favor either chamber s version of the bill. [D] They can be amended. [E] They tend to favor the House version of a bill.

7 67. In terms of the composition of its membership, the House since 1950 has become [A] more male and more white. [B] more male and less white. [C] less male and more white. [D] less male and less white. [E] none of these. 68. The general trend in power distribution and decision making throughout the evolution of Congress has been toward [A] centralization...more power for leadership. [B] decentralization...more power for individual members. [C] centralization...more power for individual members. [D] decentralization...more power for leadership. [E] centralization...more power for ideologues. 69. The trade bill of 1988 was considered by fourteen committees in the House and nine in the Senate. This illustrates the legislative process of [A] multiple referral. [B] restriction. [C] marking up. [D] red-tagging. [E] joint sponsorship. 70. When a bill passes the House and Senate in substantially different forms, the differences are resolved in [A] a team-plan committee. [B] the Rules Committee. [C] joint committee. [D] a committee of the whole. [E] a conference committee. 71. If a member of the House wants to establish a select committee, he or she is most likely to be introducing a [A] bill. [B] simple resolution. [C] joint resolution. [D] concurrent resolution. [E] bypass resolution. 72. The decentralization and separation of government powers under the U.S. Constitution has made political corruption [A] less frequent, but greater in scale. [B] more difficult to achieve. [C] easier to detect. [D] easier to achieve. [E] less frequent, but rarely punishable. 73. As a member of Congress, you vote for a dairy-support bill favored by the dairy industry in your district. Political scientists would describe your vote as [A] representational. [B] organizational. [C] relational. [D] attitudinal. [E] deliberative. 74. Each of the following was an objective of the Framers except [A] to oppose concentration of power in a single institution. [B] to make Congress accountable to the executive. [C] to balance large and small states. [D] to have Congress be the dominant institution. [E] C and D. 75. Rules that assume money is the only source of political corruption fail to account for [A] income derived from speaking. [B] income derived from writing. [C] the influence of parties. [D] the role of education. [E] political alliances and personal friendships. 76. A member of Congress who is interested in increasing support for the aged would be best advised to [A] get her or his party to state its concern about the aged. [B] print a pamphlet or handbill on the topic. [C] send a newsletter to constituents describing the difficulties of the aged. [D] make a speech about the difficulties of the aged. [E] get the House or Senate to create a select committee on the aged. 77. The complexity of the procedure for enacting a law gives the advantage to the bill s [A] party supporters. [B] supporters in the media. [C] supporters in the executive branch. [D] congressional sponsors. [E] opponents. 78. Which of the following statements about the current cloture rule is correct?

8 [A] It must be certified by a neutral magistrate, or judge. [B] It requires three-fifths of the entire Senate membership to pass. [C] It sets a time limit on debate of five minutes per speaker. [D] It is used more frequently by the House than by the Senate. [E] It requires half of the entire Senate membership to sign a petition to move cloture. 79. One proposed explanation for why congressional seats have become less marginal is that [A] incumbents are less ideological than challengers and link themselves with Congress as an institution. [B] incumbents can use their powers to get programs passed that benefit their districts, and thereby themselves. [C] the growing strength of the party system makes it less likely for challengers to appeal to average voters. [D] changing demographics have made an increasing number of districts overwhelmingly Democratic or Republican. [E] incumbents are less likely than challengers to become associated with the mess in Washington. 80. Where is the real work of Congress done? [A] on the House floor [B] in floor sessions in both houses [C] on the Senate floor [D] in the committees in both houses [E] in the caucuses 81. Which of the following bills is most likely to pass through Congress quickly? [A] a bill dealing with energy conservation [B] a bill calling for a major increase in defense spending [C] a bill dealing with funding of covert operations [D] a bill dealing with aid to the handicapped [E] a bill affecting our trade policy with the European Economic Community 82. In a parliamentary system, when members of the government s party vote against the parliament, the leadership must [A] resign and name someone from the opposing party to lead the government. [B] appeal to the people to influence their representatives. [C] form an alliance with the opposition. [D] resign and join the opposing party. [E] dissolve the parliament and form a new government. 83. One of the reforms discussed by the text that would have the effect of reducing citizen subsidization of campaigns is [A] capping expenditures on bumper stickers. [B] trimming the pork. [C] fencing in the frank. [D] cutting committees. [E] banning legal bribes. 84. If you wished to study the real leadership office in the Senate, you would most likely focus on the [A] party whip. [B] president pro tempore. [C] majority leader. [D] chairperson of the Judiciary Committee. [E] chairperson of the Policy Committee. 85. A bill can be introduced in Congress by [A] members of the relevant committees only. [B] any member of Congress. [C] any member of Congress or the president. [D] any member of the majority party. [E] committee chairmen only. 86. In recent years, the political beliefs of members of Congress have become [A] more polarized than voters. [B] close to the center of that political spectrum. [C] moderately liberal. [D] more unified. [E] moderately conservative. 87. Of the following, the Framers were most committed to creating a [A] powerful Congress. [B] Congress that would not be corrupted. [C] Congress that could police itself. [D] weak Congress. [E] Congress that would represent wealth. 88. The numerical superiority of House representatives over senators carries with it the implication that the [A] Senate holds more power than the House. [B] House leadership has more control than the Senate leadership. [C] House is less partisan than the Senate. [D] Senate leadership has more control than the House leadership. [E] House holds more power than the Senate. 89. Which of the following statements about different methods of voting for a bill in the House and Senate is correct?

9 [A] In a teller vote, members sit and raise their hands. [B] A division vote involves members shouting yea or nay. [C] Individual votes may or may not be recorded. [D] Roll-call votes in the House are handled orally. [E] Roll-call votes are less numerous today than forty years ago. 90. One important effect of bicameralism is that it [A] balances large and small states. [B] ensures a separation of federal powers. [C] creates an environment which resists unnecessary investigations. [D] ensures the dominance of Congress over the executive and judicial branches of government. [E] makes Congress subject to the powers of the Supreme Court. 91. Senate conservatives in the 1980s differed from their counterparts in the 1950s and 1960s by basing their conservatism on [A] the customs of the Senate. [B] their power in committees. [C] their influence on the media. [D] conservative ideology. [E] constituency perceptions of the media. 92. From the standpoint of the ambitions of a newly elected Republican senator, the most important element in party organization is the [A] sub-committee chairpersons. [B] party whip. [C] Steering Committee. [D] Foreign Relations Committee. [E] president pro tempore. 93. According to the text, some scholars argue that incumbents in Congress are hard to defeat because of [A] their many years of experience. [B] the constituency services of their staffs. [C] the strength of political parties. [D] the way their party supports them. [E] their superior campaigning skills. 94. The Senate, not the House, became the crucial forum for debating the issue of slavery because [A] House representatives were picked by the state legislatures. [B] the House failed to redistrict itself for almost 80 years. [C] the House at that time was dominated by the executive branch. [D] the two sides were equally matched in the Senate. [E] the Senate had the larger black representation. 95. Which of the following statements about introducing a bill in Congress is correct? [A] Bills are initiated by the president, not by Congress. [B] A bill not passed during the life of one Congress cannot be introduced again during the next Congress. [C] Most bills introduced today are private rather than public bills. [D] A bill not passed during the life of one Congress is dead. [E] None of these. 96. In recent years, American voters have political beliefs that are [A] close to the center of the political spectrum. [B] similar to members of Congress. [C] very liberal. [D] similar to members of the federal courts. [E] very conservative. 97. The effect of allowing bills to be debated under open rather than closed or restrictive rules is to [A] increase the influence of special interests. [B] give greater control to the committees. [C] increase the number of amendments. [D] reduce the time needed to vote on a final bill. [E] set a time limit on debate. 98. One proposed explanation for why congressional seats have become less marginal is that [A] the growing strength of the party system makes it less likely for challengers to appeal to average voters. [B] changing demographics have made an increasing number of districts overwhelmingly Democratic or Republican. [C] incumbents are less ideological than challengers and link themselves with Congress as an institution. [D] incumbents find it easier than challengers to make their names known. [E] incumbents are less likely than challengers to become associated with the mess in Washington. 99. A coalition of House members who support price supports for peanuts would be most likely to label themselves a(n) [A] lobby. [B] constituency caucus. [C] special interest. [D] standing committee. [E] interest group.

10 100. The Framers sought to prevent legislative tyranny by [A] giving the executive the right to appoint both legislators and Supreme Court justices. [B] requiring Congress to defer to the other branches of government. [C] severely limiting the powers of Congress. [D] dividing power among the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. [E] calling for the direct election of the Senate The term bicameral used to describe the U.S. legislature means that the legislature [A] is elected every two years. [B] is based on a system of checks and balances. [C] has two chambers, or legislative bodies. [D] is apportioned once every ten years. [E] consists of both committees and a main body A member of Congress who wants a constitutional amendment can introduce a [A] joint resolution. [B] concurrent resolution. [C] motion of approval. [D] bypass resolution. [E] simple resolution To find out how members of Congress voted on a particular bill, it is most useful to have a [A] roll-call vote or a teller vote. [B] roll-call vote or a division vote. [C] voice vote. [D] voice vote or a division vote. [E] teller vote or a division vote For a filibuster to be practicable, it must be supported by [A] all senators. [B] all senators the vice-president. [C] a single senator. [D] a majority of senators. [E] a number of senators smaller than a majority One effect of the growth in congressional staff has been to [A] speed up legislation. [B] decrease reliance on lobbies as sources of information. [C] generate more legislative work. [D] increase the influence of corporate lawyers. [E] give members of Congress more control over legislation A liberal freshman senator from New York would be most likely to find himself appointed to a committee dominated by [A] liberal senators from western states. [B] liberal senators from eastern states. [C] conservative senators from western states. [D] conservative senators from eastern states. [E] none of these 107. Which of the following types of bills is most likely to move speedily through Congress? [A] one that involves off axis satellite reconnaissance [B] one that embodies a clear and appealing idea [C] one that involves foreign trade [D] one that deals with spending money [E] one that involves the regulation of business 108. Among the many powers of the House Speaker is that he or she [A] schedules legislation. [B] takes the minutes. [C] assigns party members to the various committees. [D] decides to which committee bills go. [E] keeps party leaders informed about the opinions of their party members A recent trend in Congress has been for the number of amendments to proposed laws to [A] increase, but with the number of those offering them to decrease. [B] increase, along with the number of individuals offering them. [C] decrease, along with the number of individuals offering them. [D] decrease, but with the number of those offering them to increase. [E] None of these caucuses form around common interests in an issue. [A] Intraparty [B] Delegate [C] Personal [D] Constituency [E] Stratified 111. If you are a committee staff member and want to know the status of a bill, you can get the information most quickly from the [A] Congressional Budget Office (CBO).

11 [B] Office of Management and Budget (OMB). [C] Congressional Research Fund (CRF). [D] Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). [E] Congressional Research Service (CRS) As a member of Congress, you vote for a dairy-support bill because this is your party s position. Political scientists would describe your vote as [A] deliberative. [B] relational. [C] representational. [D] attitudinal. [E] organizational One effect of the growth in congressional staff has been to [A] increase the influence of corporate lawyers. [B] give members of Congress more control over legislation. [C] speed up legislation. [D] decrease reliance on lobbies as sources of information. [E] shift the advocacy of new programs to staff members Until the 1990s the most rapidly growing bureaucracy in Washington was that of [A] congressional lobbyists. [B] congressional leaders. [C] intergovernmental liaison staff. [D] executive dinner staff. [E] staff members of Congress Congressional codes of ethics passed by Congress in 1978, 1989, and 1995 were based on the questionable assumption that [A] you can dip clear water from a muddy stream. [B] Congress is capable of policing itself. [C] elected officials are immune to blackmail. [D] improper influence can be equated with financial deals. [E] citizens actually want honest politicians The most important change that has occurred in the composition of the House in this century has been the [A] increase in the rate of member turnover. [B] increase in the number of blacks. [C] decrease in the rate of member turnover. [D] decrease in the number of women and other minorities. [E] increase in the number of freshmen If a House bill has just been reported out of committee and its sponsor is worried that floor amendments will substantially change it, he or she would be most likely to request a(n) [A] amendment from one of the select committees. [B] discharge petition from his or her colleagues. [C] referral slip from a committee chairman. [D] open rule from the majority leader. [E] closed rule from the Rules Committee As a member of Congress, you vote for a dairy-support bill because you are a liberal Democrat and the Democratic Study Group supports this position. Political scientists would describe your vote as [A] relational. [B] organizational. [C] attitudinal. [D] representational. [E] deliberative Low voter turnout in congressional races is most likely to pose a significant problem for [A] campaign donors seeking to maximize their influence. [B] special interests pursuing a legislative agenda. [C] incumbents seeking reelection. [D] the accepted notion of democracy. [E] parties trying to control the process Since the 1970s, the chairpeople of House committees have been chosen by [A] years of seniority. [B] secret ballot. [C] the Committee on Committees. [D] teller vote. [E] voice vote Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution confers on Congress all of the following powers except [A] the power to regulate commerce. [B] the power to interpret laws. [C] the power to collect taxes. [D] the power to declare war. [E] the power to establish courts The best way to understand how Congress carries out its business is to think of it as [A] a bureaucracy headed by a king.

12 [B] a temporary alliance between warring camps. [C] a collection of different kinds of organizations. [D] a single, centralized bureaucracy. [E] anarchy in a three-piece suit The text argues that the effects of congressional measures to ensure openness are [A] likely to cause obstructionism and greater public dismay. [B] certainly destructive of the benefits of decentralization. [C] not yet clear. [D] likely to increase accountability and rank-and-file power. [E] both good and bad Each of the following is required in both houses for Congress to override a presidential veto except [A] a two-thirds majority of those present. [B] a discharge petition. [C] a roll-call vote. [D] a quorum. [E] A and C More opportunities for corruption exist in a decentralized political system because [A] more money is available. [B] more officials can affect policy. [C] more officials are basically corrupt than in a centralized system. [D] more corporate heads will run for office. [E] more greed exists The staff agency that advises Congress on the probable economic effect of different spending programs and the cost of proposed policies is the [A] Congressional Research Fund (CRF). [B] Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). [C] Congressional Budget Office (CBO). [D] General Accounting Office (GAO). [E] Congressional Research Service (CRS) The explanation for congressional voting behavior that assumes members vote to please their constituents is referred to as [A] organizational. [B] conventional. [C] attitudinal. [D] representational. [E] relational As a member of Congress, you vote for a dairy-support bill because it is consistent with your thinking as a liberal Democrat. Political scientists would describe your vote as [A] organizational. [B] deliberative. [C] relational. [D] representational. [E] attitudinal In terms of its percentage of women and nonwhite members since 1950, the Senate, compared with the House, has [A] been faster to change. [B] changed at about the same rate as the House. [C] fewer women and nonwhites in powerful positions. [D] been slower to change. [E] not changed at all caucuses are formed by groups whose members share a similar ideology. [A] Constituency [B] Intraparty [C] Delegate [D] Stratified [E] Personal 131. Under the original U.S. Constitution, members of the House, unlike members of the Senate, were selected by [A] state legislatures. [B] the president. [C] primary runoffs. [D] regional coalitions. [E] direct elections.

13 Reference: 314 [1] [D] Reference: 296 [2] [B] Reference: 300 [3] [A] Reference: 290 [4] [A] Reference: 316 [5] [D] Reference: 283 [6] [B] Reference: 298 [7] [E] Reference: 305 [8] [C] Reference: 293 [9] [C] Reference: 307 [10] [B] Reference: 283 [11] [D] Reference: 282 [12] [B] Reference: 314 [13] [C] Reference: 305 [14] [E] Reference: 310 [15] [B] Reference: 304 [16] [B] Reference: 306 [17] [C] Reference: 307, (box) [18] [B] Reference: 295 [19] [C] Reference: 310 [20] [B] Reference: 295 [21] [C] Reference: 299 [22] [C] Reference: 315 [23] [D] Reference: 287 [24] [A] Reference: 299 [25] [B] Reference: 310 [26] [D] Reference: 292 [27] [A] Reference: 294 [28] [A] Reference: 298 [29] [D] Reference: 308 [30] [D] Reference: 286 [31] [D] Reference: 287 [32] [E] Reference: 285 [33] [A] Reference: 283 [34] [B] Reference: 318 [35] [C] Reference: 285 [36] [C] Reference: 315 [37] [C] Reference: 299 [38] [A] Reference: 309 [39] [C] Reference: 317 [40] [D] Reference: 316 [41] [A] Reference: 304 [42] [D] Reference: 288 [43] [D] Reference: 297 [44] [A] Reference: 296 [45] [C] Reference: 321 [46] [D] Reference: 314 [47] [D] Reference: 283 [48] [C] [49] [B] Reference: 283 [50] [C] Reference: 308 [51] [C] Reference: 284, (box) [52] [E]

14 Reference: 316 [53] [D] Reference: 296 [54] [A] [55] [E] Reference: 298 [56] [A] Reference: 315 [57] [A] Reference: 309 [58] [C] Reference: 298 [59] [C] Reference: 289 [60] [E] Reference: 302 [61] [C] Reference: 282 [62] [E] Reference: 291 [63] [C] Reference: 304 [64] [D] Reference: 294 [65] [C] Reference: 320 [66] [A] Reference: 289 [67] [D] Reference: 285 [68] [B] Reference: 314 [69] [A] Reference: 318 [70] [E] [71] [B] Reference: 321 [72] [D] Reference: 295 [73] [A] Reference: 284 [74] [B] Reference: 322 [75] [E] Reference: 305 [76] [E] [77] [E] Reference: 317 [78] [B] Reference: 291 [79] [B] Reference: 304 [80] [D] [81] [D] Reference: 283 [82] [E] Reference: 320 [83] [C] Reference: 298 [84] [C] [85] [B] Reference: 297 [86] [A] Reference: 323 [87] [A] Reference: 299 [88] [B] Reference: 318 [89] [C] Reference: 285 [90] [A] Reference: 296 [91] [D] Reference: 298 [92] [E] Reference: 309 [93] [B] Reference: 287 [94] [D] [95] [D] Reference: 297 [96] [A] Reference: 315 [97] [B] Reference: 291 [98] [D] Reference: 304 [99] [B] Reference: 285 [100] [D] Reference: 285 [101] [C] [102] [A] Reference: 318 [103] [A] Reference: 288 [104] [E]

15 Reference: 310 [105] [C] Reference: 298 [106] [C] [107] [B] Reference: 299 [108] [D] Reference: 307 [109] [B] Reference: 303 [110] [C] Reference: 310 [111] [E] Reference: 296 [112] [E] Reference: 310 [113] [E] Reference: 309 [114] [E] Reference: 306 [123] [C] Reference: 320 [124] [B] Reference: 321 [125] [B] Reference: 310 [126] [C] Reference: 294 [127] [D] Reference: 296 [128] [E] Reference: 289 [129] [D] Reference: 303 [130] [B] Reference: 285 [131] [A] Reference: 323 [115] [D] Reference: 290 [116] [C] Reference: 315 [117] [E] Reference: 296 [118] [B] Reference: 290 [119] [D] Reference: 306 [120] [B] Reference: 284, (box) [121] [B] Reference: 297 [122] [C]