Creating the Constitution
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1 Creating the Constitution
2 Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787 Met in Secret Goal: Alter or abolish fix the old system or create a new one Needed to tweak the articles
3 Focus of Convention Meeting called by government to revise the articles Did not have the authority to form a whole new government Many delegates thought revising would not be enough Voted to keep their debates secret Nailed windows shut / closed the doors Posted guards Wanted to be free to speak their minds
4 Delegates 55 delegates From 12 states Rhode Island did not send delegates Who were some of the delegates George Washington Quickly elected the head of the convention Alexander Hamilton from New York, only 32, aide to Washington, brilliant in matters of economy James Madison from Virginia, took EXTENSIVE notes No John Adams / No Thomas Jefferson (Europe)
5 The Virginia Plan (Randolph Plan) Edmund Randolph presented Three Branches Legislative make the laws Executive carry out the laws Judicial interpret the laws Executive branch Necessary to correct the weakness of the Articles Debate - Consist of one person or a small group Debate over ONE vs. THREE executives Three people more easily win the people s confidence OR ONE can act quickly when urgent action required Decided on one person Called the President
6 The Virginia Plan Two Houses Lower house Upper house Some wanted the members of the houses to be selected by the STATE legislatures Suggested by Roger Sherman of Connecticut People should have little to do with selecting representatives because they can be easily misled Others warn about keeping people out of process James Wilson of Pennsylvania concerned Election of legislature by the people is cornerstone of the whole government.
7 Major Conflict The Va. Plan called for representation in both houses to be based on population Large States Support the plan Would have great representation since their population was large Small States Oppose the plan Wanted each state to have equal number of representatives Keep it the same as in the Articles of Confederation The New Jersey Plan Introduced by William Patterson (of N.J.) One house With equal representation for each state Tension high, fear convention will fail and Union will break
8 The Great Compromise Compromise an agreement in which each side gives up something to what it wants. Proposed by Roger Smith Brings together large and small states Two House Legislature Lower house House of Representatives Based on population Voted in by the people Two year terms Upper house Senate Each state would have two seats Chosen by state legislatures Six year terms HAVE to get smaller states support
9 The Three-Fifths Compromise North & South debate over slavery Will slaves count as population for representation & taxation? South Yes! North No! Three-fifths Plan Remember South has large plantations & few big cities Three-fifths of the slave population will count 500 enslaved people count as 300 people South more representation North OK, keeps south in Union Hurts African Americans preserves slavery in the new Constitution
10 Slave Trade Some Northern states want to stop the importation of slaves South says it will ruin their economy Some Northerners support the South. They import/sell slaves to the South They are business men / merchants. Compromise Import slaves for another 20 years until 1808 Congress can tax the imported slaves Slave trade INSIDE the United States is not affected Develops into a new problem
11 New Constitution Once terms are agreed upon a committee of STYLE is created to write the document. Delegate Morris writes the Preamble Preamble highlights the difference from Articles We the People means authority is from the people not the states A more perfect union means better than the Articles Franklin s advice needed to encourage others to sign Had to remain seated as very ill and let another deliver his speech Admits there are faults but accepts it Points out provisions to improve in future
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