Unit 4 - The 1920s. Change and conservatism

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1 Unit 4 - The 1920s Change and conservatism

2 Politics in the 1920s The Red Scare

3 Government Reaction to the Red scare Palmer Raids Creation of Bureau of investigation Restrictions on immigration

4 Cartoon appearing in the Chicago Tribune, July 1919

5 National Origins Act, 1924

7 The Harding Administration: a return to normalcy

8 Three Key Harding policies Unions Regulations on Business Fordney-McCumber Tariff

9 Scandals Justice department Veteran s Administration Teapot Dome

C. The Coolidge Administration, 1923-1929 So far as it is within my power I will not permit increases in expenditures that threaten to prevent further tax reduction or that contemplate such an

10 C. The Coolidge Administration, So far as it is within my power I will not permit increases in expenditures that threaten to prevent further tax reduction or that contemplate such an unthinkable thing as increase in taxes. If with increasing business our revenues increase, such increase should not be absorbed in new ways of spending. They should be applied to the lowering of taxes. In that direction lies the public welfare. Accessed on athttps://coolidgefoundation.org/resources/speeches-as-president /

11 African Americans and the fight for identity In order to understand the changes that took place for African Americans in the 1920s, it is necessary to understand the historical development of African Americans prior to the 1920s. Many of the next few slides describes historical events prior to the 1920s

12 What freedom means - African Americans in the 50 years after the Civil War

13 Reconstruction and the Civil War Amendments to the Constitution Amendment XIII Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or anyplace subject to their jurisdiction. Amendment XIV All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Amendment XV The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Sharecropping Reconstruction and the Civil War Amendments to the Constitution Amendment XIII Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have

14 Sharecropping Reconstruction and the Civil War Amendments to the Constitution Amendment XIII Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or anyplace subject to their jurisdiction. Amendment XIV Black codes, Segregation, Lynching All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, Literacy are citizens tests, of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or Poll taxes, immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Grandfather clauses KKK Amendment XIV The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

15 Segregation

16 Lynching

17 Stereotype and caricature activity

18 Stereotypes of African Americans in popular culture - How white society shaped the image of African Americans

19 Clips from Birth of a Nation Clip1 Clip 2 Clip 3 What caricatures are visible in these clips? How is the Klan portrayed in these clips?

20 3. The New Klan

21 Text from the Movie Quoting Woodrow Wilson s A History of the American People, 1902

22 B. African American Reformers 1. Booker T. Washington

23 2. Ida B Wells

24 3. W. E. B. DuBoise

25 4. Marcus Garvey

26 5. NAACP

27 C. The Great Migration

28 The Harlem Renaissance Poetry Exploration Name of the work and the artist Your impressions of the work (three words that describe the feelings that the work evokes) Oppositional How does the work reflect the struggles that African Americans faced prior to 1920? (be as specific as you can by connecting this work to examples from the notes handout if possible) Constructive We have argued in class that the Harlem Renaissance was an assertion of African American identity (both individually and collectively). What characteristics does this work suggest are central to that identity? Explain your characteristics in terms of examples from the poem. (Remember, this section is not asking for examples of discrimination)

Billie Holiday Strange Fruit Southern trees bear strange fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the root, Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.

29 Billie Holiday Strange Fruit Southern trees bear strange fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the root, Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees. Pastoral scene of the gallant south, The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth, Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh, Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, Here is a strange and bitter crop.

30 Langston Hughes - Dream Deferred What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

31 Claude McKay - America Although she feeds me bread of bitterness, And sinks into my throat her tiger's tooth, Stealing my breath of life, I will confess I love this cultured hell that tests my youth! Her vigor flows like tides into my blood, Giving me strength erect against her hate. Her bigness sweeps my being like a flood. Yet as a rebel fronts a king in state, I stand within her walls with not a shred Of terror, malice, not a word of jeer. Darkly I gaze into the days ahead, And see her might and granite wonders there, Beneath the touch of Time's unerring hand, Like priceless treasures sinking in the sand.

32 Langston Hughes - I, Too, Sing America I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America.

33 Palmer Hayden The Janitor Who Paints

34 Augusta Savage Gamin

35 Lynchings by Decade `

during the 1920s? Write down one word to label or describe the 1920s

Aim: How did American life change Do Now: during the 1920s? Write down one word to label or describe the 1920s Friday 3/9 Vocabulary Quiz Cause/Effect, Cite, Compare/Contrast, Explain, Analyze. Roaring