8th Grade US history STAAR review

Transcription

1 8th Grade US history STAAR review Study online at quizlet.com/_d (important fact) th 3. 14th 4. 15th delegates from 13 stats drafted the US Constitution in Philadelphia, PA Abolished slavery in the US Made former slaves citizensand gave equal protection under th law for all citizens African American males are given the right to vote Jamestown,Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) John Smith Pilgrims Plymouth Mayflower Compact Willam Bradford Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson John Hancock Constitutional Convention James Madison George Washington Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson Lewis and Clark Civil War Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln 11. Abolitionist Person who fights to end slavery 12. Abraham Lincoln 13. Alexander Hamilton 14. Anti- Federalists President of US during Civil War First Republican President Election resulted in South's secession from Union Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 Author of Federalist Papers 1st secretary of the treasury under Washington Opposed ratification of the Constitution Supported a Bill of Ex: Patrick Henry and George Mason 15. Antietam Septembr 17, 1862 Bloodiest day of the war Lee retreats Licoln decides to take action against slavery 16. Appomattox Court House April 9,1865 Lee surrenders to Grant Grants shows mercy ad respect to Lee and his troops 17. The Articles of Confederation 18. Battle of Yorktown 19. The Battles of Saratoga 20. Benjamin Franklin 21. Bessemer Steel Process 1781 The first form of government established by the 13 colonies Articles were replaced by the US Constitution because the Articles had a weak central government Major British defeat that effectively ends the war Turning point of Revolution French enter war as American allies Publisher and inventor Respected statesman who guided the colonies toward independence Helped convince France to support America during the Revolutionary War Late 1800s Invented by WIlliam Kelly and Henry Bessemer Allowed steel to be mnufactured cheaply 22. Bill of 1st 10 amendments of the Constitution Protect individual rights and liberties Necessary in order for some states to ratify the Constitution 23. Causes of the American Revolution 24. Charles de Montsquieu 25. Checks and Balaces 26. Civil Disobedience Britsih taxed colonies heavily for revenue to pay for the French and Indin War "No taxation without representation"- colonists resented being taxed without having a representative in Parliament Tax Acts including: Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act angered colonists Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts) Separation of powers Makes sure no branch of government becomes too powerful Peaceful protest of injustice 27. Civil War War between North and South from Columbian Exchange 29. of 1850 Exchange of crops, animals, disease, and ideas of different cultures after Europeans landed in the Americas California admitted as a free state New Mexico Territory to have no restrictions on slavery Set new border between Texas and New Mexico Slave trade (but not slavery) banned in Washington, D.C. Stronger fugitive slave laws

2 30. Connecticut Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker after leaving Massachusetts 31. Cotton Gin 1793 Invented by Eli Whitney Removed seeds from cotton Increased demands for slaves 32. Daniel Webster 33. Dawes Act (1887) 34. Declaration of Independence 35. Dred Scott v. Sanford 36. Election of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony 38. Emancipation Proclamation 39. English Bill of 40. Executive Branch Northern Senator Opposed slavery Broke up Native American reservations Written by Thomas Jefferson Lists colonial grievances against King George Justifies the colonies breaking away from England Supreme Court decision which Dred Scott (a slave) was considered propertt, and not a citizen- therefore had no right to bring a lawsuit asking for his freedom Lincoln elected President worked for women's rights Document declaring that all slaves in th South were free 1689 Influenced the Constitution by forbidding cruel and unusual punishment Granted the right to bear arms Laws must be passed by the legislative branch Taxes must be approved by the legislative branch Enforces laws 41. Federalism Power is shared between states and national government 42. Federalist Papers Essays written to encouage ratification of the Constitution Authors included Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison 43. Federalists Supported ratification of Constitution and the creation of a strong central government Ex: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay 44. Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 Confederate forces attack US fort in South Carolina 45. Frederick Douglas 46. Free Enterprise System 47. French and Indian War outcome~ Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 49. Gadsden Purchase 50. George Washington Influential speaker and writer North Star System by whcih people can conduct business free from government control except for reasonable regulations made for the general good George Washington gains national prominence England gains control of more territory War plunges England into debt Proclamation of 1763 states that colonists CANNOT settle west of the Appalachian Mountains First written constitution in America Adopted in Purchased from Mexico for $10 Million Commander of the Continental Army during Elected 1st President of the US in Georgia Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a debtor's colony 52. Gettysburg July 1-4, Surprise battle in Pennsylvania Lee retreats 53. Gettysburg Adress 54. Gibbons v. Ogden 55. Great 56. Harriet Tubman 2 minute speech uniting Americans Expressed what war was about "government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth." 1824 Congress has authority to regulate interstate and intrastate trade Represntation: All states get 2 votes in the Senate Number of votes in the house determined by state population Conductor on the Underground Railroad 57. Henry Clay Westerner known as the "Great r" 58. Henry David Thoreau 59. Hiram Rhodes Revels Refused to pay taxes in protest of the Mexican-American war 1st Africsn American elected to the Senate

3 60. Homestead Act (1862) 61. House of Burgesses Gave free land to settlers who would live on the land for 5 years Encouraged thousands to the Great Plains Created in Virginia in1619 First representative government in the colonies 62. Immigration Movement of people into a country frim another country 63. Individual Basic rights and liberties of all citiens as guaranteed in the Bill of 64. Interchangable Parts 65. Jackson's war on the bank 66. Jacksonian Democracy Invented by Eli Whitney Opened the way for factories Jackson removes federal funds from nationl bank, forcing it into bankruptcy Idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule 67. James Madison 4th president of US Main author of the US Constitution during the War of Jamestown, Virginia 69. Jefferson Davis' Inaugural Address Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company Colony was saved by tobacco 1861 President of Confederacy compared secession to divorce between husband and wife 70. John Adams 2nd president of US Helpes negotiate Treaty of Paris, ending 71. John C. Calhoun Southern Senator Supported slavery 72. John Locke Natural rights 73. Judicial Branch Interprets laws 74. King George 3 Ruler of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War 75. Legislative Branch 76. Lexington and Concord 77. Limited Government 78. Louisiana Purchase Makes laws First battle of revolution "Shot heard 'round the world" Power of the government is restricted by the Constitution-"No one is above the law" 1803 Purchased by President Jefferson from France Doubled the size of the US 79. Loyalists Americans who supported Great Britain during 80. Magna Carta 1215 Limited the power of the king Provided trial by jury 81. Manifest Destiny 82. Marbury v. Madison 83. Mayflower Compact 84. McCulloch v. Maryland 85. Medal of Honor Recipients Belief that the US was destined to stretch across the continent 1803 Established Judicial Review giving Supreme Court authority to decideif laws are constitutional or not Agreement among male pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in which they pledged loyalty to England and promised to obey the laws of the colony; formed a "civil body politic" for "our better ordering and preservations" 1819 States cannot tax a federal bank Philip Bazzar William Carney 86. Mercantilism An economic system that promoted thr growth of a country's economy through a favorable balance of trade Goal was to build wealth by exploiting the natural reaources of colonial territories 87. Mexican Cession 88. Middle 1848 California and New Mexico sold to the US for $15 Million after the Mexican-American War NewYork, Pennsylvania,New Jersey, Delaware Fertile soil, milder climate than New England Diverse, tolerant 89. Migration Movement of people from one location to another 90. Missouri 91. Monroe Doctrine 92. Morrill Act (1862) 93. Northern (New England) 1820 Maine enters Union as a free state Missouri enters Union as slave state Slavery prohibited in remainder of Louisiana Territory Closed Americas to further European colonization In exchange, US promised to stay out of European affairs Funded public colleges focused on agriculture and mechanical arts Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine Cold climate and rocky soil Shipbuilding, trade,and fishing

4 94. Northwest Ordinance 95. Nullification Crisis 96. Oregon Territory 1787 Established an ordely expansion to western territory 1st attempt by the US to stop spread of slavery New states given the same rights and privelages as previous states Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government rd state 97. Patrick Henry Patriot Delivered "Give me liberty, or give me death" speech in the Virginia Houseof Burgesses in March, Patriots Americans who supported declaring independence from Great Britain during 99. Pennsylvania Founded in 1680 by William Penn Promoted tolerance and equality 100. Plantation System 101. Plymouth, Massachusetts 102. Popular Sovereignty Economic system in which slaves provided the necessary labor for planting and harvesting cashcrops like cotton, rice, and tobacco Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims for religious freedom and tolerance People hold supreme power 103. The Preamble Intro to the Constitution that states its purpose 104. Radical Reconstruction Congress Wanted Congress, not the President to control a tougher, more extreme approach 105. Railroads Encouraged settlement in the west Created thousands of new jobs 106. Ratification to formally approve Fact: to go into effect, 9 of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution 107. Ratify To approve 108. Reconstruction ( ) 109. Representative Government Period after Civil War in US when southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union System of government where citizens are represented by elected leaders 110. Republicanism A system where the people vote for elected representatives to run the government 111. Results of the Civil War 112. Samuel Adams 113. Separation of Powers 114. Sojourner Truth 115. Southern 116. State's Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House and South loses war Southern economy is ruined Northern economy becomes stronger Reconstruction begins Cousin to John Adams Patriot Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty Divides the powers of the federal government into 3 branches Legislative Executive Judicial Spoke about her experiences as a slave Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Warm climate, rich soil, long growing season Farming and agriculture Belief in local government close to the people Each state should be able to decide key issues for themselves 117. Steamboat 1807 Invented by Robert Fulton Improved transportation of goods and people 118. Subsistence Agriculture Farmer produces just enough to support himself and his family wih little left for purchasing manufactured goods 119. Suffrage Woman's right to vote 120. Tariff tax on imports 121. Texas 1845 Joined US as 28th state 122. Thomas Jefferson 123. Thomas Paine 124. Three-Fifths 125. Trail of Tears 126. Treaty of Paris of Unalienable Author of the Declaration of Independence Elected 3rd President of US in 1800 Author of "Common Sense" which was instrumental in convincing colonists to support the revolution against Britain Slavery: Each slave counts as 3/5 of a person for taxtation and representation in the house Forced removal of Cherokee Indians from their homes to resettle in the west Ends the war! Britain forced to recognize American independence that cannot be taken away without due process Such as: life, liberty, and th pursuit of happiness

5 128. Urbanization Population begins to shift away from farms and into cities 129. Utah Territory 1850 Established as a territory Brigham Young becomes Governor 130. Vicksburg July Confederates surrender Union holds Mississippi River 131. War of 1812 British attack Washington, D.C. British retreat from Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD Francis Scott Key writes The Star Spangled Banner Andrew Jackson wins the battle of New Orleans 132. Washington's Farewell Address Warned against political parties and forming alliances with foreign countries 133. William Blackwell Laws of nature 134. William Lloyd Garrison Published the Abolitionist Newspaper- The Liberator 135. Winter at Valley Forge Washington struggled to keep the Continental Army together