I. The South Establishes Black Codes

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1 Unit 5: Civil War and Reconstruction Part 11: Radical Reconstruction Note Sheet and Whole-Brain Connectors RAINBOW NOTES: Name: Period: WHOLE-BRAIN CONNECTORS: I. The South Establishes Black Codes Using the proper format, create ONE Whole- Brain Connector for each Roman Numeral section of the notes using magazines or clip art. A. Following the Civil War, most southern states had ratified the Amendment, which banned. However, new laws, known as, began to be passed in the South that severely restricted the of the new freedmen. B. How did black codes affect freedmen? 1. Black codes granted some rights. African Americans could legally and own some. 2. Black codes kept freedmen from gaining and power. They forbade freedmen to, own, or serve on. 3. In some states, African Americans could work only as or laborers. In others, they had to sign for a year s work.

2 C. How did Congress react to black codes? 1. Congress was by black codes, Republicans charged that Johnson s lenient Reconstruction plan had encouraged the codes. 2. Republicans were also angered by southern white against freedmen. 3. The Joint Committee on Reconstruction accused the of trying to preserve slavery... as long as possible. 4. When President Johnson ignored the report of the Joint Committee, members of Congress who were called vowed to take control of Reconstruction. A is a person who wants to make drastic changes in. II. Radical Republicans Gain Control A. The leading radicals were in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. These two men led the to President Johnson s Reconstruction plans.

3 B. Radical Republicans had two main goals. 1. Break the power of wealthy who had long ruled the South. Northerners had longed blamed these people for starting the Civil War. 2. Ensure that freedmen received the right to. C. Radical Republicans needed the support of Republicans. Most southerners were. Republicans could control both houses if southerners were barred from Congress. D. To combat the black codes, Congress passed the in April It gave to African Americans. Johnson vetoed the bill and Congress overrode his veto. E. Republicans feared the U.S. Supreme Court would declare the Civil Rights Act because the Dred Scott case said African Americans were not citizens. To combat this, radicals proposed the, which granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States. It guaranteed citizens equal protection of the laws and said that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

4 F. In the Election of 1866, President Johnson the Fourteenth Amendment and urged voters to reject the Radicals. Southern violence convinced many northerners that strong measures were needed, so they backed the Republicans. Republicans won in both houses of Congress. G. The period that followed the election is often called. Congress passed the first in March It threw out governments that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. H. The Act divided the South into five districts controlled by the U.S. Army. The military the South until new state governments were created. I. Disgusted white voters in the South refused to in the Election of At the same time, turned out to exercise their new voting rights in large numbers supporting Republicans. As a result, Republicans gained control of all of the new southern state governments.

5 III. The President is Impeached A. Republicans feared that because President Andrew Johnson tried to limit the effect of Radical Reconstruction he would not out these new laws. To ensure this, Congress tried to him from office. B. On February 24, 1868, the House of Representatives voted to, or bring formal charges against, Johnson. C. According to the, the House of Representatives can impeach the President for high crimes and misdemeanors. The House states the crimes and the Senate holds the. If of the senators find the President guilty, he/she may be removed from office. D. During Johnson s trial, it became clear that he was not of high crimes and misdemeanors. Even many opposed Johnson s impeachment. E. In the end, the Senate vote was 35 to 19 against Johnson just vote shy of the two thirds needed to convict him. Johnson would finish out the remaining few months of his term.

6 IV. A New President, Another Amendment A. In 1868,., a Republican, was voted in as U.S. President. Under Grant s leadership Radical Reconstruction would continue. B. In 1870, the was ratified to the U.S. Constitution. This amendment forbade any state to deny African Americans the right to vote on the basis of race.

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