SS.7.C.1.5. Identify how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the Constitution

Transcription

1 SS.7.C.1.5. Identify how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the Constitution SS.7.C.1.8 Explain the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists regarding the ratification of the Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights. SS.7.C.3.4 Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments. SS.7.C Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments obligations and services Unit 3: We the People Essential Question How did the Founding Fathers cooperate to establish the principles of the US Constitution?

2 LEQ: How did the Founding Fathers cooperate to establish the principles of the Constitution? Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Vocabulary Terms The Articles of Confederation Shay s Rebellion Debt Militia Unanimous Vote Majority Rule Enforce Laws Regulate Trade

3 The Articles of Confederation - The first constitution of the United States, written in 1776 after Declaring Independence. - A system of mostly independent states and a weak central government. - Weaknesses led to civil uprisings such as Shays Rebellion and finally the Constitutional Convention.

4 The Articles of Confederation Weaknesses: Congress could not collect taxes Congress could not enforce laws Congress could not regulate trade No executive branch No judicial branch Laws and amendments too difficult: Laws required 9/13 states Amendments had to be unanimous

5 Shays Rebellion - An event when 2,000 Massachusetts farmers rebelled against land foreclosures and debt from the Revolutionary War. - Congress could not respond because it was too weak and did not have its own army. - Led to the Annapolis Convention, in which five states proposed a Constitutional Convention.

6 Debt - Something owed, such as money. - Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could not collect taxes. This led to unpaid debt from the Revolutionary War. - As a result, citizens led uprisings such as Shays Rebellion to prevent land foreclosures and erase their debt.

7 Militia - A small armed military group formed by a group of citizens. - When the Articles of Confederation was too weak to collect taxes to organize a standing army, small state militias had provide for defense. - Shays Rebellion overpowered the Massachusetts state militia and forced Founding Fathers to call for the Constitutional Convention.

8 Unanimous Vote A vote that is 100% agreed by everyone, unlike majority rule. - Also known as a consensus. - Because amendments of the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote, they were extremely difficult and never were able to be ratified.

9 Enforce Laws - To make sure the laws are carried out as written. - The function of the executive branch of the United States. Because the Articles of Confederation did not give Congress the power to enforce laws, states could choose to follow the laws they wanted.

10 Regulate Trade To control the legal imports and exports of goods with other countries. - Also known as commerce. - Because the Articles of Confederation could not regulate trade, several states negotiated their own trade agreements with other countries.

11 Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Vocabulary Terms The Constitutional Convention Federalists Anti- Federalists The Bill of Rights The Federalist Papers The Great Compromise Ratification

12 The Constitutional Convention A meeting between Founding Fathers in the Pennsylvania State House in Summer 1787, Philadelphia. 55 Delegates from 9 States, led by George Washington Debate over ratification of the Constitution between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists

13 Federalists One of the groups in the debate over ratification. Debated from Included James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay Shared their views in The Federalist Papers Wanted a large federal government, supported the Constitution, and opposed a Bill of Rights. Believed separation of powers would protect rights.

14 Anti-Federalists The other group in the debate over ratification Debated Included Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry Shared their views in the Anti-Federalist Papers Opposed the ratification of the Constitutionwanted Articles of Confederation Wanted states to have power, not the federal government Supported inclusion of a bill of rights to protect the people.

15 The Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the Constitution Proposed by the Anti-Federalists, added as a compromise Protects basic individual freedoms, ex. freedom of speech, religion, press Protects basic rights, ex. right to bear arms, right to a speedy trial. Based on natural rights, The English Bill of Rights

16 The Federalist Papers A series of essays written to explain and defend the proposed US Constitution The Anti-Federalist Papers- a series of essays written to opposed and defeat the proposed US Constitution

17 The Great Compromise The agreement between big states and small states at the Constitutional Convention. The compromise was a bicameral legislature with two parts. - House of Representatives- based on population - Senate- equal reps for each state (2)

18 Compromises at the Constitutional Convention The Great Compromise The 3/5ths Compromise The Commerce Compromise The Slave Trade Compromise The Electoral College Compromise

19 Ratification (n.) The process of formally approving something by voting. Ratify (v)

20 Federalism SS.7.C.3.4 Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments. Federalism Supremacy Clause Delegated Powers Reserved Powers Concurrent Powers Implied Powers Elastic Clause

21 Federalism Government power is divided between the federal and state government. Delegated = federal powers Ex. Making war Reserved = states Ex. Schools Concurrent = both Ex. taxes

22 Supremacy Clause - Article VI of the Constitution - States that the Constitution as the supreme law of the land of the United States. - No state laws can ever go against federal laws.

23 Delegated Powers Also called enumerated or expressed powers Powers of Congress that are listed specifically in the Constitution, Article I. ex. Declaring war, printing money

24 Reserved Powers Powers that are not granted to the federal government that belong to (are reserved to) the states and the people Written in the 10 th amendment Establish schools: Florida Department of Education

25 Concurrent Powers Powers shared by the national, state, and/or local government. ex. Federal and state taxes

26 Implied Powers Powers that the government has that are not listed in the Constitution, but are suggested. ex. necessary and proper laws

27 Elastic Clause - Says the government can make any laws not listed as they see necessary and proper for the good of the country. - Article 1, Section 8