1/29/2019. Chapter governor of New York 1932 wins democratic nomination. involved with people Wins 472/531 electoral votes

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1 Chapter governor of New York 1932 wins democratic nomination o Complete opposite of Hoovergovernment should be directly involved with people Wins 472/531 electoral votes 1

2 Fireside chats- spoke to the American people over radio, helped calm people down 1st Chat between 1929 and 1933 about 5,000 banks fail 2 days after inauguration FDR closes banks Bank holidays o Fix or close banks depending o Reopened and people put $ back into banks Glass-Steagall Act created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures deposits Got off the gold standard Result: 1936: ZERO banks failed New Deal - 1. Relief- for the people 2. Recovery- fix the depressed economy 3. Reform- prevent this again o Plan: Have government pay people to work on infrastructure, federal lands and public space. o Civilian conservation corps (CCC) March employ men by planting trees, improving parks o 41 CA state parks worked on o CA project map 2

3 Some say it went too far, Some say not far enough Government has taken a new role in America o Government expands Huey P. Long- Southern democrat, thought government didn t go far enough- give every family $5,000 to buy a home and $2,500 a year income by heavily taxing the rich Father Charles Coughlin- supported FDR until he felt he didn t go far enough to check the banks Dr. Francis Townshend- wanted 60+ year olds to be given pensions American Liberty League- felt that the government has gone too far 3

4 Did FDR upset the balance of power? 1935 New deal cases head to courts Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States- destroyed part of NIRA Violated INTRAstate commerce laws by setting wages, hours and prices United States v. Butler- (AAA)- the tax to raise $ for farm subsidies was found unconstitutional (it s up to the states to regulate production) Why didn t some people support the New Deal? What did they think they should have done? What happened in the Supreme Court? FDR Elected (November) 4

5 Section 2 5

6 Midterm elections (1934) democrats win Congress Courts dismantling New Deal ( ) Second New Deal- more about Recovery and Reform (only a little relief) Emergency Relief Appropriations Act- no more direct money Works Progress Administration (1935) 8.5 Million jobs overall Cost $11 Billion Social Security Act- provided a pension for Americans 65+ (not everyone included) Also unemployment insurance Prior to the election Rural Electrification Act- loan $ to farm cooperatives to bring electricity to rural America Candidates: Republicans- Alf Landon- mild reformist wins 2 states Union Party 2% popular vote FDR railed against big business African Americans shift support to Democrats FDR wanted to reorganize the courts- allow president to appoint judges and add up to 6 supreme court judges judges for over 70.5 years old Doesn t look good- lost big support 6

7 1937 sharp drop in stock market 2 million lost jobs (end of 1937) FDR forced to increase government spending What lesson did FDR take from the 1934 Election What did FDR focus on for 1936 Why did his court packing plan cause so much damage? Section 3 7

8 Artists take new focus on working class and poor Dorothea Lange Photographer S.F. Looked at jobless and rural poor Farm Security Administration- raise awareness Agee & Evans James Agee- writer Walker Evans- photographer Let Us Now Praise Famous Men Depicted lives of sharecroppers in lower South 8

9 Movies 80 million attend each week Viewed movies as an escape Fred Astaire Ginger Rogers Charlie Chaplin Snow white & the 7 Dwarfs Wizard of Oz Radio Fireside chats Religion Music- Louis Armstrong- Jazz- Swing Sports Entertainment- Lone Ranger War of the Worlds Sports Babe Ruth Joe DiMaggio Lou Gehrig Babe Didrikson Zaharias- softball, golf, basketball, track & field Boxing Jesse Owens 9

10 Section 4 Did the New Deal help or hinder a U.S. economic recovery? Did the New Deal even work? Would we have gotten out of it on our own? 10

11 Relief in 1933 and 1935 cost billions of dollars and put millions of people to work Unemployment went 13 million to 9 million Most of the gains made were lost in the 1938 crash 10 million unemployed again Did it slow recovery? Was recovery too timid? 11

12 FDIC and SEC were helpful, and still around. Government changed forever Unemployment benefits Social security New agencies Larger government Relief programs created jobs- but were never meant to be permanent jobs Wages were low The goal was to employ all but 1.5 million of the unemployed, but in reality gov t couldn t help 4.7 million By 1938 the New Deal was over, FDR had lost too much support to try anything new Attempted to reorganize the executive branch. Blocked. Lost support and enraged democratic incumbents in the 1938 midterms factories were gearing up for WWIIthis is what really seemed to end the depression 12

13 Realignment of political parties, creating a strong Democratic Party How the government should be involved in its citizens lives at the heart of conservative vs. liberal politics and national debate. Allowed massive government funded public works projects to be accepted and celebrated---national Highway Act of 1954, for example. Public Spending is the government s major tool for combating unemployment. Agricultural policies favored landowners over tenant farmers, which resulted in large farming operations dominating the agricultural industry. Social Security excluded many people of color and women since it didn t cover agricultural jobs or domestic service. Leaving many people of color dependant on the only other government-run assistance and stigmatized by it welfare. Promoted a policy of suburbanization for whites and ghettoization for people of color of subversive racial elements. Drastic re-shaping of resources and landscapes, especially in the American West. 13

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