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1 Civics & Economics Review NAME: ANSWER KEY Teacher: 1

2 SOL CE.2a, b, c, d Articles of Confederation Consent of the Governed: The people are the source of any & all government power Limited Government: Govt. is not all powerful & may do only those things we give it the power to do Rule of Law: The govt. & those who govern are bound by the law (no one is above the law) Democracy: System of government where the people rule Representative Government: People elect office holders to do the work of govt. for us * 1st form of national government! Weaknesses: * maintained power with states * weak central government * no power to tax * no power to enforce laws Constitution Founding Documents Charters of the Virginia Company of London: Guaranteed rights of Englishmen to the colonists Virginia Declaration of Rights: Served as a model for the Bill of Rights Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Guaranteed freedom of religious beliefs & opinions * establishes our current government * equality under the law, majority rule with rights of minority protected * affirms worth & dignity of all people * protects fundamental freedoms (RAPPS) Bill of Rights 1 st 10 amendments to Constitutionguarantees our rights 2

3 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: Preamble 1- stated grievances against the king (he sucked) 2- declared independence 3- all men are created equal 4- inalienable rights-born with them! (life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness) Purposes of U.S. Government: * to form a more perfect union * to establish justice * to ensure domestic tranquility * to provide for the common defense * to promote the general welfare * to secure the blessings of liberty The power comes from_we (us) * the Amendment process is complex * only 27 amendments Amendment Process: 1. 2/3 of Congress must propose 2. ¾ of states must ratify 3

4 CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS ACTIVITIES A. DIRECTIONS: Match the following Fundamental Principle to the correct definition. E_ 1. Democracy C_ 2. Consent of the governed D 3. Limited Government A 4. Rule of Law B_5. Representative Govt. a. the govt. & those who govern are bound by the law (no one is above the law) b. people elect public officeholders to make laws & conduct govt. on their behalf c. people are the source of any & all govt. power (permission of the people) d. govt. is not all powerful, & can only do what we give it power to do e. a government where the people rule B. Directions: In the paragraph below fill in the name of the document (from those listed above) that completes that sentence. When the first colonists came to Virginia to settle, they felt they were protected under the law because they were guaranteed the same rights as the citizens of England by the _ Charters of the Virginia Company (1). As the colonies grew, they became more and more independent from England, which alarmed Parliament. When England tried to tighten the control over the colonists and began to tax them, the colonists rebelled & wrote a list of grievances & sent them to King George. The _Declaration of Independence (2) also declared that the colonies were independent from Great Britain. Since all countries needed government, the United States wrote its first form of government, Articles of Confederation (3). This government was not very effective because the national government had very little power & each state was basically doing what it wanted to do. A meeting was called in Philadelphia, each state was to send representatives to fix the document. These people soon realized that they need to throw out the original plans and start fresh- that s exactly what they did! They wrote the U.S. Constitution (4). While they were writing the document, they looked to the various state constitutions for guidance. Several states were not satisfied with the new form of government because they felt individual rights needed to be protected. Virginia in particular guaranteed her citizens individual rights in _Virginia Declaration of Rights (5) and religious freedom in Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (6). These two documents served as a basis for our Bill of Rights (7) When the writers of the new form of government promised to add amendments to protect individual rights & fundamental freedoms of religion, assembly, petition, press, & speech, the states agreed to ratify this new form of government. This great document affirms the individual worth & dignity of all people. It has guided our country for almost 225 years. 4

5 Branches of Government SOL CE.6 Words to Know: Legislative Branch Bicameral-two houses in the legislative body Checks & Balances-system so no one branch has all the power Delegated Powers-those given to federal government in the Constitution Expressed Powers-those written into the Constitution Implied Powers-not written but understood Separation of Powers- division of powers between the branches of govt. Veto- rejection of a bill by the executive branch SENATE House of Representatives 100 members 435 members Job: write laws for the nation Key Word: approve Powers: * approves annual budget * approve presidential appointments * raise revenue through taxes & levies * regulate interstate & foreign trade * declare war 5

6 Executive Branch Roles of the President Chief of State-ceremonial head of govt Chief Executive-head of executive branch President, Vice President, & Cabinet Job: carry out the laws Key Word: appoint Powers: * prepares the budget * appoints cabinet, ambassadors, & judges * administers the federal bureaucracy (all of the cabinets & govt. workers!) Chief Legislator-proposes legislation in State of the Union Address Commander in Chief-head of military Chief Diplomat-foreign policy leader Chief of Party-head of his party Chief Citizen-represents us, good guy, does the right thing, an example Executive Influence on Public Policy * proposes legislation in State of the Union address * appeals to the people (on TV) * approves or vetoes laws * appoints officials to carry out laws 6

7 Branches of Government: Fill in the Blank Directions: using the terms in the word blank complete the sentences below. Words used only 1 time! 10 th Amendment Diplomat Approve Bicameral Checks & Balances Enact Executive Expressed Powers Federalism Impeach Implied Powers Judicial Legislative Levy Regulate Reserved Powers Revenue Separation of Powers Unconstitutional Veto 1. President Obama appointed John Smith to the U.S. Supreme Court. That nomination must be approved by the U.S. Senate. 2. The U.S. Congress has two houses (chambers). This is known as _bicameral. 3. Congress signed the bill into law. This means that they are _Enacting that piece of legislation. 4. Federalism is the division of powers between the levels of government. 5. Prince William County passed a tax Levy, increasing my property tax. 6. In the Supreme Court Case Brown v. the Board of Education, the court ruled separate but equal school facilities was Unconstitutional. 7. The federal government writes laws that Regulate prescription drugs, nuclear power plants, the environment, worker safety, and many other issues to protect the public. 8. President Nixon resigned before he was Impeached to avoid criminal charges. 9. The Expressed powers are written into the U.S. Constitution. 10. The states have Reserved powers because the 10th amendment says so. 11. President Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and the Cabinet are the Executive branch of government. 12. Congress is able to do many things because of their Implied powers. 13. Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State, is a Diplomat for our country. 14. _Separation of Powers is the division of powers between the branches of government. 15. There is a system in place called _Checks & Balances to insure that no one branch has all of the power. 16. The President can _Veto any bill that comes to his desk if he does not want to see it become a law. 17. The _Legislative branch of government writes laws. 18. The U.S. Supreme Court is the head of the Judicial branch of government. 19. Taxes are a form of Revenue for the government. 7

8 Judicial Branch SOL CE.10a, b, c, d Jurisdiction: the authority of a court to hear a case & administer the law Due Process: the fair application of the law Original: the first court to hear a case Appellate: to review a case from a lower court Civil Cases: disagreements b/t two parties Procedure for Civil Cases: 5 th Amendment: federal govt. guarantee due process 14 th Amendment: state & local govt. guarantee of due process Criminal Cases: person accused of breaking the law Steps in a Criminal Case: 1. Arrest: person taken into police custody (probable cause-police believe a crime committed) 2. Booking: fingerprints & evidence stored 3. Preliminary hearing: bail is set (minor cases judge decides guilt or innocence) 4. Indictment: formal charges 5. Arraignment: probable cause reviewed, a plea of guilty or not guilty by defendant 6. Trial: procedure where evidence presented & guilt/innocence determined 7. Verdict: jury decides guilt or innocence 8. Sentencing: accused receives their punishment 8

9 Federal Courts Virginia Courts U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Court of Appeals Virginia Supreme Court Court of Appeals of VA. U.S. District Court (trial by jury) Circuit Court (trial by jury) General District Court Juvenile & Domestic Relations Judicial Review: the courts power to determine if laws are constitutional Marbury v. Madison: Supreme Court Case that established principle of judicial review Magistrates: judges in lower courts such as General District Court in Virginia Supreme Law of the Land: CONSTITUTION 9

10 Judicial Branch Directions: Match the terms on the left with their correct definition. TERMS DEFINITIONS G_ 1. Appeal a. the highest court in the land, head of the judicial branch E_ 2. Due Process b. a group of people who hear the case & determine guilty or innocent H_ 3. Judicial Review c. the authority & power to hear a case _ C 4. Jurisdiction d. a procedure where the accused is charged & judged guilty or innocent B 5. Jury e. fair application of the law I 6. Juvenile f. in conflict with the constitution J 7. Marbury v. Madison g. the right of the convicted person to ask a higher court to review his case D 8. Trial h. the power of the Supreme Court to interpret laws & say if they are unconstitutional F 9. Unconstitutional i. person under the age of 18 A 10. U.S. Supreme Court j. the Supreme Court case that established judicial review Directions: Complete the sentences below 11. Which two amendments guarantee your right to due process? 5th & 14th. 12. In a criminal type of case a person is accused of breaking the law. 13. The first court to hear a case has _original type of jurisdiction. 14. The job the judicial branch is to interpret laws/determine if they are constitutional. 15. If I sue McDonald s because their coffee is too hot this is a civil type of case. 16. The U.S. Circuit Court (of appeals) has this type of jurisdiction appellate. Directions: Multiple Choice- choose the best answer C 17. A juvenile who can be tried as an adult. A. appeals to a higher court B. skips an arraignment C. commits a serious crime D. refuses to plead guilty C 18. The idea of judicial review, as noted in Marbury v. Madison states that. A. all Americans have the right to trial by jury B. all lost court cases can be appealed C. Supreme Court has the final power to interpret the Constitution D. The President can nominate justices for the Supreme Court A 19. The organization & jurisdiction of the United States court system are derived from the laws. A. United States Constitution & federal B. United States Constitution & state C. Virginia Constitution & state D. Virginia Constitution & federal B 20. The right to due process of the law is outlined in the & Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. A. 1 st 12 th B. 5 th 14 th C. 2 nd 16 th D. 3 rd 18 th 10

11 Words to Know: FEDERALISM SOL CE.6, 7, 8 Levels -Primary Responsibilities 10 th Amendment-powers reserved for the states Bicameral-two houses in the legislative body Constitution-supreme law of the land! Delegate Powers- those given to the federal govt. in the constitution U.S.: conducts foreign policy, regulates commerce, provides for defense Federalism- division of power b/t the levels of government Ordinance- local laws Reserved Powers-those set aside for the state government State Government: Virginia: promote public health, safety, & welfare Local Government: Roles of the Governor: (executive) * chief of state * chief legislator * chief administrator * party chief * commander in chief Cabinet Secretaries & Departments, Agencies, commissions & regulatory boards: * administers the law * enforce laws * regulates business & the economy * provide services Types of Local Govt: Cities- write laws, adopt budget, elect a mayor Towns-write laws, adopt budget Counties- write laws (ordinances) & adopt budget 11

12 State Government: Local Government: Executive: (continued) Lt. Governor elected for 4 yr. term Attorney General-4 year term Legislative Branch: bicameral General Assembly-Senate & House of Delegates Responsibilities: write laws for VA, meet annually for fixed number of days Primary Issues VA deal with: * Education- to promote informed & engaged citizenry * Public Health- to promote & protect the health of its citizens * Environment-to protect natural resources * State Budget- to approve biennial (2) year budget * Revenue-(money coming in) to levy & collect taxes The expansion of the national government s powers into areas traditionally reserved to the states has altered the relationship of states to national governments Tensions exist when federal mandates require state actions without adequate funding Legislative Bodies: Board of Supervisors- write laws for county Council-write laws for cities/towns * individuals have the greatest influence at local level of government Powers Derived From: where it comes from All powers of local govt. are given to them by the Constitution of VA & acts (laws) of the General Assembly * local govt. exists because states need their help!! Defined & Limited Powers: * enforce state & local laws * promote public health * protect public safety * educate children * protect the environment * regulate land use * levy & collect taxes The Virginia Constitution requires that voters in every locality elect a sheriff, a clerk of the circuit court, a commission of revenue, and a treasurer 12

13 SOL CE.7b FEDERALISM: division of powers between the levels of government Constitution: supreme law of the land Federal * defense * print & coin money * regulate trade & commerce * USPS * regulate immigration Local State * voter registration * conduct elections * licenses * education * public health, safety, & welfare * family law * schools * utilities: H2O, electric * libraries * police & fire, public health & safety People 13

14 Three Branches of Government & Federalism 1. N 10 th Amendment A. The many departments & agencies that help run the gov t 2. G _ Ambassador/Diplomat B. Of, connecting, or existing between 2 or more states 3. V Annual C. Division of powers between the levels of gov t 4. Q Bicameral D. In conflict with the Constitution 5. A Bureaucracy E. Branch of gov t that enforces the laws (carry out) 6. X Charter F. To impose or collect by legal authority 7. S Checks and balances G. A person representing their gov t in a foreign country 8. Y Convict H. Branch of government that judges the laws 9. E Executive I. Rejection of a bill by the executive branch 10. P Expressed powers J. A sum of money that is set aside for a specific objective/purpose 11. C Federalism K. Powers set aside in the Constitution for states or people 12. J Funding L. Power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws or presidential actions are in agreement with the Constitution 13. W Impeach M. Division of powers between the branches of gov t 14. R Implied powers N. Those powers not given to the federal gov t in the Constitution are reserved for the states 15. B Interstate O. Branch of gov t that writes the laws 16. H_ Judicial P. Those powers written into the Constitution & given to the federal gov t 17. L Judicial review Q. Two houses in the legislative body 18. O Legislative R. Powers not listed in the Constitution, but necessary to carry out expressed duties 19. F Levy S. System where branches check each others powers so that NO one branch has all the power 20. T Mandate T. A formal order from a superior court 21. K Reserved powers U. Income (money coming in) 22. U Revenue V. Yearly 23. M_ Separation of powers W. Formally charged, attempting to remove from office 24. D Unconstitutional X. Basic plan of govt granted by the states to local govt 25. I Veto Y. To find or prove guilty 14

15 Political Process SOL CE.5a, b, c, d, e Functions of Political Parties Similarities b/t Parties * recruiting & nominating candidates * educating the electorate about Campaign issues * helping candidates win elections * monitoring actions of officeholders Third Parties * organize to win elections * influence public policies * reflect liberal & conservative views * appeal to political center to win Differences in Political Parties * stated in their party platform (where they stand on the issues) How do we make informed choices? * introduce new ideas * revolve around a single person Media Roles in Elections * separate fact from opinion * detecting bias * evaluating sources * identifying propaganda (things used to influence our thinking/behavior) Rising Campaign Costs * require candidates to fundraise * indentify the candidates * emphasize selected issues * broadcast different points of view * writing editorials, creating political cartoons * give an advantage to wealthy * limit opportunities to run for office * encourages development of PAC s * give issue oriented interest groups influence 15

16 Campaign Finance Reform VOTING * rising costs have led to campaign finance reform * limits placed on how much people can give ($1000, PAC s $5000) How can you participate? Qualifications: * citizen of U.S. * resident of Virginia & precinct * 18 on or before election 22 days in advance How do you Register? * participate in campaigns * participate in voting simulations ELECTORAL COLLEGE * in DMV, registrars office, or other designated sites * by mail in application WHO VOTES? The # of electors each state has is based on Representation in Congress Electoral College Process * slate of electors chosen by popular vote * most states have winner take all * officially vote for President & V.P. Winner take all leads to the candidates focusing on the LARGE states but they must pay attention to the SMALL states. Factors that Predict Who Will Vote * age * income * education Reasons Why Citizens Fail to Vote * lack of interest * failure to register Elections: More voters turn out to vote for the _ PRESIDENT than in state & local elections. EVERY vote is important! 16

17 Political Process Directions: Matching- match the word to the correct definition. D_ 1. Bias I_ 2. Bill A_ 3. Candidate B_ 4. Election G_ 5. Electoral College J_ 6. Majority E_ 7. Minority F_ 8. Party Platform H_ 9. Propaganda C_ 10. Third Party a. a person running for elected office b. process of choosing candidates by voting c. minor political parties, introduce new ideas d. seeing only 1 side to an issue e. less than ½ f. where the parties stand on the issues g. the group that officially elects president & v.p. h. ideas used to influence thinking & behavior i. proposed legislation, wanna be law j. more than ½ Fill in the blank: using the words in the word bank below complete the following sentences. Campaign Issues Democrat Editorial Electorate Political Parties 11. The voting public is also known as the Electorate. 12. President Obama is a Democrat (Party). 13. I wrote an Editorial and sent it to the N.Y. Times. 14. Taxes and un-employment are Campaign Issues year. 15. Democrats & Republicans are the two _Political Parties in the U.S. 17

18 Political Process 1. In the United States, political parties function at which level of government? A. national level B. state level C. local level D. all three levels 2. Political parties play a huge role in American politics because they A. encourage voter turnout on election day B. are known for choosing the correct candidate C. give citizens an opportunity to exercise their choice D. give voters a chance to complain about politicians 3. Which of the following is true in the United States? A. government assigns you to a political party B. a political party must ask you to become a member C. only the rich belong to a political party D. you choose your political party 4. Third parties can influence the two major political parties by A. introducing new ideas & concerns B. promoting voter turnout on election day C. being conservative in their political views D. joining the party who is winning in the polls 5. What is not a similarity between the two major parties? A. organize to win elections B. influence public policies C. try to win majority support by appealing to the political center D. appeal to voters who favor government involvement 6. votes are important. A. No B. Few C. All D. Most 7. Which three factors are used in predicting which citizens will vote? A. income, age, education B. age, education, time of year C. education, amount of taxes paid D. time of year, amount of taxes paid 8. What is not a qualification you must have to vote in the United States? A. be registered for the draft B. be eighteen years of age or older C. be registered in the voting district where you live D. be a citizen of the United States and the state you reside in 9. Propaganda is used to. A. register a voter B. measure public opinion C. provide complete information on an issue D. give only one side of an issue 10. The purpose of a PAC (political action committee) is to A. see that money is distributed equally among presidential candidates B. spread information about a candidate s ideas C. develop the party s platform D. raise money for a particular issue 18

19 Making Public Policy SOL CE.9a, b, c; SOL CE.6c, 7c Terms to Know: Bill-proposed legislation Interest Group- groups of people with similar ideas who want to influence policies Lobby-seeking to influence legislation Lobbyist-a person who works for interest group to influence legislation Ordinance- a local law Groups involved in Shaping Legislation 1. Media 2. Legislative Branch 3. Executive Branch 4. Interest Groups 5. People/individuals Public Policy- laws for the public good Revenue- money coming in, through taxes Media s Role People s Role * focus public attention on issues * offer a forum for opposing viewpoints * holding government officials accountable Government uses media to Communicate with the public. * participate in politics (vote, campaign) * express opinions (lobbying, demonstrating, writing letters) * joining interest groups 19

20 Interest Group s Role Law-making Process in Congress How a Bill Becomes a Law * indentifying issues * making political contributions * lobbying government officials 1. bill introduced by Senator/Representative 2. working in committees 3. debate on the floor (house/senate) 4. vote on the bill (house/senate) State Law-making Process In Virginia General Assembly 5. sent to President to sign into law Primary Issues Virginia Deals with- *Education- to promote an informed people (est. standards) * Public Health-promote & protect health of its citizens 1. introducing a bill 2. working in committees 3. debate on floor of house & senate 4. vote on the bill both house & senate 5. sent to Governor to sign into law Local Law-making * board of supervisors counties * councils in cities * individuals have a lot of influence in what laws get passed * Environment- protect natural resources * State Budget-to approve two year budget * Revenue- levy & collect taxes Local Issues in Response to Big Issues International issues & events that require local governments to make policy decisions are: * public health concerns (pandemic) * public safety in event of terrorism * economic development due to global economy * environmental policies 20

21 LAW MAKING PROCESS B_ 1. The role of the executive branch in government is to a. make laws b. carry out the laws c. approve the budget d. interpret the laws D_ 2. A lobbyist is a person who tries to persuade government officials to support ideas of. a. local politicians b. the largest and most vocal group c. the minority opinion d. a specific interest group A_ 3. Who carries out the laws in Virginia? a. governor b. president c. board of supervisors d. city council members A_ 4. Powers that are not specifically listed in the Constitution, but can be used by the government are called? a. implied powers b. expressed powers c. concurrent powers d. shared powers B_ 5. It is the responsibility of the executive branch to. a. make laws b. make sure laws are carried out c. decide on constitutionality of the law d. hold most of the power D_ 6. The major purpose of the annual speech given by the chief executive is to. a. carry out the laws b. justify his appointments c. influence the judicial branch d. propose legislation C_ 7. In Virginia, citizens elect the chief executive of the state. What is the name given to this elected position? a. Attorney General b. Chief Justice c. Governor d. Lieutenant Governor C_ 8. What is the President s role is making laws? a. can rewrite one s he doesn t like b. can declare laws unconstitutional c. can sign them in to law d. can remove members of Congress D_ 9. At the National level of government, Congress is. a. appointed by the President b. appointed by their state Governor c. elected by the Electoral College d. elected by the people C 10. Which of the following writes laws for our nation? a. President b. Governor c. Congress d. General Assembly B_ 11. Which branch of government is primarily responsible for making appointments? a. judicial b. executive c. legislative d. legislative & judicial A 12. Which of the following government officials is NOT elected, but is appointed by the President? a. U.S. Federal Judges b. VA. Attorney General c. U.S. Vice-President d. VA. Supreme Court Justices C 13. Through which process is the Constitution of the U.S. changed? a. recall b. election c. amendment d. naturalization D 14. To reject a bill that Congress has passed, the President has the power to this legislation? a. dismiss b. avoid c. re-write d. veto C 15. Federalism is best defined as shared power between the. a. Executive & Legislative branches b. Executive & Judicial branches c. National & State government d. Constitution & Articles of Confederation B 16. The Supreme Court is part of which branch of government? a. executive b. judicial c. legislative d. appointed 21

22 Citizenship SOL CE.3a, b, c, d, e Types of Citizenship Naturalization Process 1. Native Born: born in the U.S., a territory, or have one parent who is American 1. enter U.S. legally 2. live in U.S. for 5 years 3. application & background check 2. Naturalized: Process by which an alien becomes a citizen 1 st Amendment 4. interview 5. test on U.S. history & government 6. oath of citizenship Ways for Citizens to Participate in Community Service Religion Assembly Petition Press Speech 14 th Amendment * volunteer to support democratic organizations * express concern about the welfare of the community as a whole * help to make the community a good place to work & live (volunteer) * guarantees your rights as a citizen in the state where you reside, right to due process 22

23 DUTIES: RESPONSIBILITIES: * obey the laws * pay taxes * serve in military if drafted * serve on a jury * serve as a witness in court, when summoned * register & vote * hold elective office * communicate with government officials * volunteer * help with campaign * stay informed * respect others (including their right to an equal voice in government) 23

24 Citizenship Vocabulary SOL CE.3a,b,c,d Part I: Matching: Match the following terms with the correct definition & place the letter in from of the matching term in the space provided. Column A 1. D_ illegal alien 2. C_ Constitution 3. E_ 1st Amendment 4. J_ Barack Obama 5. H_ 14th Amendment 6. A_ immigrants 7. K_ civics 8. G_ duty 9. F_ petition 10. _B_ naturalization 11. _L_ responsibilities 12. _I_ citizen Column B a. people who come from another country b. legal process to become a citizen c. Supreme law of the land d. illegally in a country e. RAPPS (freedom of religion, assembly, petition, press & speech) f. a formal written request g. required by law (must do) h. guarantees your rights as a citizen i. a legally recognized member of a country j. current president of the U.S. k. study of what it means to be a citizen l. things you should do Part II: Mark the following items with a D if it's a duty, R if it's a responsibility: D= Duty R= Responsibility 13. R_ Voting 14. R Running for an elected office 15. D_ serving on a jury 16. D_ serving as a witness 17. R_ staying informed 18. D_ obey the laws 19. D_ pay taxes 20. R_ volunteer 24

25 Economics SOL CE.11, 12, & 13 WORDS TO KNOW Banks & Federal Reserve Choice-selecting an item from a set Competition-rivalry b/t businesses for your business Consumer Sovereignty- consumer choice in what they buy Consumption-using goods & services Incentives-things used to motivate or change behavior Opportunity Cost-what is given up when a choice is made Price- the amount of money exchanged for a good or service (based on supply & demand) Production- to make goods or provide services/combining resources to make stuff Profit-money left after all bills paid Resources-factors of production of goods (human, natural, capital, & entrepreneurship) Private Financial Institutions: * banks, savings & loans, credit unions * receive deposits & make loans * pay interest to encourage saving Federal Reserve: nation s bank * duty to maintain value of currency * regulate banks to protect our deposits * manages amount of money in economy to try to keep inflation low & stable * acts as governments bank Scarcity- resources & goods are limited Supply & Demand-determines price Supply- what can produced to make a profit Demand- what consumers buy and not feel ripped off Characteristics of U.S. Economy Money Free Markets Private Property Consumer Sovereignty U.S. Economy Characteristics Profits Why does government issue money? People accept it in exchange for goods & services Three Types of Money: 1- coins Competition 2- federal reserve notes (currency) 3- deposits in bank accounts that can be used by checks & debit cards 25

26 Government Agencies: Consumer Rights * right to ownership of private property Protected by negotiated contracts Enforceable by law * govt. agencies established to protect public health & safety * consumers can take legal action against violations of consumer rights Marketplace Competition EPA: Environmental Protection Agency-protect environment FCC: Federal Communications Commission-regulates TV, radio, phones Government Promotes Competition: * enforcing anti-trust legislation to discourage the development of monopolies * engages in global trade * supports business start-ups Government Goods & Services FTC: Federal Trade Commission- regulates business operations Role of these Agencies: Oversee the way individuals & companies do business Characteristics of Goods & Services: * provide benefits to a lot of people at 1x * would be too expensive if we had to pay * highways, USPS, defense Ways Government Pays: * through tax revenue * borrowed money * through fees 16 th Amendment: govt. tax on income Global Economy Why do nations & states trade? * to get goods & services we do not produce ourselves or have * to buy things cheaper than we can make it * to sell our goods & services to other countries * to create jobs Impact of technological innovations: * innovations in technology contribute to the flow of information, capital, goods * use of technology lowers the cost of production 26

27 Types of Economies: 3 basic economic questions: 1- what will be produced? 2- who will produce it? 3- for whom will it be produced? Traditional Economy: * decisions based on custom * people do same jobs as their parents Private ownership of property profits competition Command Economy: * central ownership of property/resources * centrally planned economy * lack of consumer choices Free Market Economy Mixed Economy: * individuals & businesses make decisions for private sector * govt. makes decision for public sector * govt. has greater role than in free market * most countries have this type Types of Businesses choice Little Govt. involve Consumer sovereignty How Does Government Influence the Economy? Entrepreneur: * person who takes risk * establish business Proprietorship: one owner who takes all the risks Partnership: two or more owners who share the risks Corporation: business that is authorized to act as a legal entity owners share profits owner liability limited to $ invested Taxes: Increases-reduces $ available for us Decreases-increases $ we have Spending: Increased-demand up, more jobs Decreased-demand down, fewer jobs Borrowing: Increased-less $ for us to borrow/use Decreased-more $ for us to borrow/use Government spending may result in higher taxes decreased government spending may result in lower taxes 27

28 Economic Flow/Circular Flow Individuals: (households)-we own resources used in production, sell the resources & use the income ($) to buy things Businesses: (producers)-buy resources, make products they sell to people, businesses, government-use profits ($) to buy more resources Government: use tax revenue from people & businesses to provide public goods & services Banks: (individual & business saving & investments)- these investments provide banks with the financial capital that they loan out to people & businesses (expands economy) Career Planning: starts with self-assessment Career Planning SOL CE.14 Financial Planning: What do employers want? * strong work ethic * have updated job skills * higher education=higher wages * supply & demand impacts job market Impact of Technology: Creates jobs in the workforce, allows people to work from home & across borders Be Responsible: make careful decisions spend wisely save & invest for the future have insurance keep a budget use credit wisely understand contracts, warranties, & guarantees so you don t get ripped off! 28

29 ECONOMIC TERMS: SOL CE.11a Directions: Each group of words relates to a key word in the word bank. Write the correct word in the space provided. Scarcity Resources Choice Opportunity Cost Price Incentives Production Consumption Supply & Demand Free Market Command Economy Mixed Economy PRICE 1. Determined by supply & demand money exchanged for goods & services cost CHOICE 2. selecting an item from a set decision one must make about desired goods & services MIXED ECONOMY_3. individuals & businesses make decisions for private sector government makes decisions for public sector _INCENTIVES 4. Things that motivate used to change your behavior economic boost OPPORTUNITY COST 5. This is given up when and choice is made the value of what is given up should be considered FREE MARKET 6. Private ownership of property/resources consumer sovereignty individual choice little government control _CONSUMPTION_7. using goods & services consumer preferences & price determine purchases use of goods to satisfy wants & needs SCARCITY 8. inability to satisfy all wants at the same time resources & goods are limited choices have to be made SUPPLY & DEMAND 9. this determines price consumers are willing to buy at a certain price & producers are able to produce at a certain price _RESOURCES 10. Factors used in production of goods four types (human, natural, capital, & entrepreneur) COMMAND ECONOMY 11. government owns property & resources centrally planned economy lack of consumer choice _PRODUCTION 12. to make goods to provide services resources & consumer demand determines what is made 29

30 1. One of the main differences between a free market economy & a mixed economy is there is in a mixed economy? a. consumer choice b. private ownership c. a greater role of government d. competition between businesses 2. Which type of economic system is most common today? a. command b. mixed c. traditional d. free market 3. Which is a characteristic of a command economy? a. competition b. central planning c. consumer sovereignty d. private ownership of resources 4. Profit & individual choice are characteristics of a economy. a. free market b. command c. central d. free enterprise 5. Individuals & businesses have the right to own buildings, land, & the means of production without undue interference from the government. The statement refers to what characteristic of the U.S. economy? a. private property b. opportunity cost c. competition d. public property 6. Rivalry between sellers of goods or services results in higher quality & lower prices. The statement refers to what characteristic of the U.S. economy. a. free market b. private property c. competition d. opportunity cost 7. Earnings after all expenses have been paid. The statement refers to what characteristic of the U.S. economy. a. free market b. profit c. competition d. consumer sovereignty 8. When consumers determine through purchases what goods & services will be produced, it is called. a. scarcity b. central planning c. competition d. consumer sovereignty 9. An entrepreneur is a person who. a. uses goods & services to maintain stability in the economy b. lends money to someone who is starting a business c. produces goods & services in a non-profit organization d. takes a risk to produce goods & services to make a profit 10. If Mrs. Jones were to open a business, which type of business ownership would give her the greatest percentage of the profits? a. partnership b. sole-proprietorship c. corporation d. cooperative 11. In which type of business ownership is liability limited to financial investment? a. cooperative b. partnership c. proprietorship d. corporation 12. Which of the following is a way businesses use their profits? a. buy more resources b. decrease govt. spending c. increase the reserve requirement d. purchase public goods & services 13. What do individuals sell to producers? a. products b. financial capital c. public goods d. resources 14. Governments use tax revenue to. a. build malls & shopping centers b. decrease the discount rate c. provide public goods & services d. provide money for loans 15. Private financial institutions encourage saving & investing by. a. creating new jobs b. borrowing from the Fed c. paying interest on deposits d. offering gifts to join 16. Private financial institutions operate as intermediaries between savers &. a. credit unions b. government institutions c. brokers d. borrowers 30

31 17. The global economy refers to markets in which. a. the buying & selling of goods & services by all nations takes place b. there is private ownership & government guidance & regulation c. the government controls the means of production & makes all economic decisions d. there is private ownership of property & resources 18. Virginia & the U.S. specialize in the production of certain goods & services that promote. a. scarcity b. limited liability c. time & energy d. efficiency & growth 19. Innovation in contribute to the global flow of goods & services. a. education b. capital c. technology d. government 20. The U.S. govt. plays an important role in protecting rights & rights? a. environmental business b. consumer property c. educational revenue d. trade welfare 21. What organization does NOT directly regulate business? a. Federal Reserve System b. Federal Trade Commission c. Environmental Protection Agency d. Federal Communications Commission 22. The right of private ownership is protected by which are enforceable by law. a. a guarantee b. a written receipt c. a negotiated contract d. a warranty 23. Who uses tax revenue to provide public goods & services? a. government b. consumers c. businesses d. producers 24. The 16th Amendment to the Constitution provides for the collection of taxes from all people who. a. earn an income b. live in the U.S. c. are 18 years old d. born in the U.S. 25. Tax cuts mean that funds for private & business spending may. a. decrease b. fluctuate c. increase d. rise, then fall rapidly 26. When govt. increase its borrowing, the funds available for individuals & businesses to borrow. a. increase b. decrease c. are not affected d. may or may not be affected 27. What can consumers do if they feel their rights have been violated? a. contact their Congressman b. call the police c. take legal action d. join an interest group 28. The primary purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to. a. regulate the money supply b. control govt. spending c. slow the money in circulation d. increase the money in circulation 29. When the govt. increases it s spending, the result is taxes while lowering spending can result in taxes. a. lower stable b. higher lower c. stable higher d. lower higher 30. The serves as the U.S. central bank. a. Bank of America b. National Bank c. Federal Reserve System d. Banker Federation 31. When the government uses tax dollars to purchase products and/or services from businesses, they are participating in what economists call. a. circular economy b. economic fluidity c. economic flow d. circular motion 32. Businesses most frequently participate in economic flow by. a. buying resources & making products to sell to consumers b. providing public goods & services c. providing investment capital d. consuming products 31

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