How did third parties affect US Presidential Campaigns since 1900? By Tom Hyndman 9E

Transcription

1 How did third parties affect US Presidential Campaigns since 1900? By Tom Hyndman 9E

2 Independent Candidates in the United States since 1900

3 Introduction In the United States since 1900 a few candidates outside the major two parties have gained traction, but none have ever won the presidency. In the recent 2016 presidential election Evan McMullin ran a very strong campaign in Utah, however he was not able to gain any electoral votes. Gary Johnson also ran a campaign on the libertarian ticket in 2016 gaining traction all over the United States and especially in the west and in the state of New Mexico, where he had served as governor.

4 1968 Presidential Election

5 Background in the 1968 Presidential Election Came 4 years after the Democratic landslide. Johnson had become very unpopular after sending lots of troops Vietnam Johnson s VP was selected as the Democratic nominee for president among protests in the Democratic convention Big violent battle at Democratic nomination between police and anti-war protestors Nixon eventually won Civil rights act was passed- annoying many voters in the south

6 George Wallace George Wallace was the Governor of Alabama for many years before and after his presidential campaign. His popularity shows the de-alignment of the southern,white vote from the democratic party in the United States. He hoped that nobody would gain a majority of electoral votes and he would become a pawnbroker in the United States.

7 make race the basis for politics in this state, and... the basis of politics in this country.

8 Background of George Wallace In 1958, he got defeated in the Democratic Primary for Governor of Alabama by John Patterson, who had openly received support from the KKK and planned to ban the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. After this he vowed to not to be defeated again and he adopted an unwavering stance on Segregation. In 1962 he entered the Gubernatorial election and won with 96% of the vote. In 1964 he put his name in some northern state s primaries to test the waters for a later presidential campaign. In 1966 he could not run again due to term limits and therefore put his wife up for election so that he could maintain a tight grip on Alabama.

9 The Democratic Administration of By 1968, the Democrats had been in power of the executive branch for 7 years, and had entered the war in Vietnam, and passed the civil rights act At the 1968 Democratic convention, there was protests between hippies who said that the current Democratic administration was not standing up the the principles that they wanted such as anti-vietnam war, this turned out into riots and protests and a major clash between the police and protesters. The civil rights act of 1964 alienated many of the voters in the south, allowing the rise for a more conservative, segregationist candidate to rise up out of the old Democratic parties ashes

10 Nixon He managed to lose the 1960 election by a whisker thin margin. He ran a campaign based on Law and Order. In the 1960 campaign he made lots of fatal mistakes such as the televised presidential debate, his failed 50 state strategy and his reluctance to use the very popular president Eisenhower to his advantage. He won by the silent majority which is the middle-of-the-road americans who were quiet about their beliefs and did not agree with the loud hippies who were on the TV and all across the news.

11 Coat disguising the true meaning of his campaign Democrat Hubert Humphrey revealing he was just in disguise A noose has been cut, relating to the lynchings by the KKK One issue he said was important was state s rights to decide It reveals a KKK costume, the racists against African Americans in the south An issue of the campaign was Law and Order, this cartoon portrays this issue as a way for police to be able to discriminate

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13 Nixon: 43.4% / 301 Humphrey: 42.7% / 191 Wallace: 13.5% / 46

14 1992 Presidential Election

15 Background in the 1992 Election Republicans had held the presidency for 12 years Each time the Democrats had lost because they were too far to the left or as Bush put Dukakis, a Massachusetts Liberal Bill Clinton was a New Democrat, someone who shifted to the centre to have a mixture of Democratic and Republican ideals.

16 Ross Perot A major businessman who at the age of the age of 20 managed to get his yearly quota in just two weeks. On February the 20th 1992, Ross Perot announced his candidacy for president of the United States when he appeared on CNN s Larry King Live. His grassroots campaign encouraged people all over America to try to get him on the ballot in all 50 states and DC, a major thing in US politics. By May he had started to lead the polls! This is something no third party candidate had ever achieved.

17 The Primaries of 1992 It was a very crowded field, all wanting to defeat George Bush. Bill Clinton, governor of Arkansas, positioned himself as a centrist New Democrat. Tom Harkin, senator from Iowa, easily won his home state, the crucial Iowa caucuses. Clinton, reeling from scandal and twenty or thirty point behind the leader,paul Tsongas, in the New Hampshire primary aggressively campaigned everywhere he could find people. Finally the results came in...

18 Tsongas wins! However Clinton managed to close the gap to 7 points and the media counted the primary as a victory for clinton and a defeat for Tsongas as he originally had a 20 or 30 point lead.

19 The Primaries of 1992 Finally, super Tuesday rolled around, This is where lots of states vote on the same day, to have lots of power. Paul Tsongas won the most primaries winning Maryland, Utah and Washington. Clinton won the southern primary of Georgia and Jerry Brown pulled an upset in Colorado. Then, Arizona, South Carolina and Wyoming voted. Bill Clinton won a massive victory in South Carolina and a closer victory in Wyoming, however he lost to Tsongas in Arizona.

20 The Primaries of 1992 In the next 9 Primaries Clinton won 7, scoring big wins in Florida and Texas as well as in smaller states such as Hawaii. After this he won most of the states until the final, hardly fought campaign in California. Jerry Brown was Governor of California, yet he had not won a primary since Delaware and Alaska lots of primaries ago, and Clinton had the momentum of his previous wins. On primary night the results were very close with the margin coming within 10%... But Clinton became the victor.

21 Republican Primaries of 1992 In the 1988 Republican primaries Bush had made a promise, Read my lips, no new taxes. However he had broken this promise and alienated much of his base, therefore the conservative Pat Buchanan challenged him to a primary. Normally this signifies deep divisions within the party, as the past times a president was challenged, they lost. Buchanan had strong showings in the primaries, however this did not result in him winning the nomination and Bush was re-nominated.

22 The campaign on 1992 At the end of the primaries, both Bush and Clinton had fought hard campaigns to the nomination Perot, not having to fight a primary, is easily sailing away. Both candidates are struggling to keep their heads above water

23 Debate of 1992

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26 Clinton: 43.0% / 370 Bush: 37.45% / 168 Perot: 18.91% / 0

27 How did third parties affect US Presidential Campaigns since 1900?