Proposed Course Title: Democratization in Comparative Perspective

Transcription

1 Proposed Course Title: Democratization in Comparative Perspective Calendar description: This course offers a graduate seminar in the study of democratization. Focusing primarily on the countries of the Global South, it explores theories of democratic transition, democratic deepening and the articulation of rights aimed at defending new forms of democratic recognition. The area of geographic concentration will vary with the instructor. 1. Objectives of the course This course offers a graduate seminar in the study of democratization. Focusing primarily on the countries of the Global South, it explores theories of democratic transition, social mobilization and the articulation of rights aimed at defending new forms of democratic recognition. The learning objectives are (1) to understand the historical processes that precipitated the transition from authoritarian rule in the Global South; (2) to compare and contrast different models of democratic governance; (3) to understand the challenges of maintaining and deepening rights of democracy; (4) to understand and assess the dominant explanations for democratization in the Global South; and (5) to explore new trends and challenges in the study of democratization. The proposed course will contribute to many of the university s learning objectives, including especially ones aimed at promoting literacy, moral maturity, global understanding, independent thinking and breadth and depth of understanding in a variety of different methodological and epistemological traditions. Through the research essays and research presentations, students will be expected to read, comprehend and develop a position in relation to the required readings and their independent research topics. The course will be comparative and evaluative, raising important ethical questions about the ways in which and extent to which democratic institutions may contribute to improvements in wellbeing and human rights. It also situates itself in a particular historical context that interrogates the conditions under which democratic institutions have emerged in different social and political settings. In so doing, it will foster an appreciation of historical development and change that contributes to a wider global understanding of the conditions under which states and social movements are contesting the politics of democracy around the world. To achieve the necessary depth of analysis, the course will also be taught by faculty whose regional specialization will foster an analysis that is historically informed. Finally, the course will use the overarching theme of democratization to investigate and evaluate the different methodological terms on which political scientists and social scientists more generally have conceptualized and evaluated democratic processes in different empirical/historical settings. 2. Material to be covered, indicating emphasis and anticipated depth of study The course will cover four central themes: a. Theories of democracy and democratization what is democracy? How is it defined in the academic literature? How can we differentiate and evaluate different models of democratic governance? How have political scientists explained democratic transitions? What are the key concepts and factors being used to explain the transition from authoritarian rule and the consolidation of democracy in the Global South? How do different theoretical perspectives vary in terms of the assumptions and concepts they use to understand and explain democratization? How convincing is their evidence and analysis?

2 b. Democratization in the Global South what explains the transition to and consolidation of democracy in Latin America? How does this compare with the experience in South Asia (e.g. India) and East Asia (e.g. South Korea and Thailand)? What are the challenges and limitations of consolidating democracy in these different contexts? c. Contemporary Issues in Democratization in the contemporary era how do new social movements and technologies affect processes of democratic consolidation and deepening in the Global South? Is globalization a positive force for democracy? How do changing global power dynamics (involving, for instance the relationship between China and the United States) affect the prospects for democracy? How does the expansion of rights on the basis of religious and sexual identity affect the prospects for democratic governance? How do theories of gender inform the study of democracy? 3. Method of course presentation The course will operate in a seminar format, providing substantial opportunity for student-centred learning and engagement. Students will be required lead weekly discussions on the required readings, culminating with a minute presentation of their research proposals (see item #4). 4. Method of evaluation The principal evaluation will be a substantial research essay that explores a selected topic in the study of democratization. The essay writing process will entail the development of a research proposal and the completed essay. In addition, students will be required to present their research, leading the class in a discussion about the topic. The grade breakdown will be as follows: 1. General Participation (participation in seminar discussions, reading presentations): 20% 2. Research Essay: On some aspect of the question of Democratization (25-30 pages): 40% 3. Research Proposal: 20% (5 pages) 4. Research Presentation 20% (in class) 5. Reason for this course offering and intended user group(s) The inspiration for this proposal stems in large part from the feedback the department has received over the years from graduate students seeking a graduate-level offering in the study of democracy and democratization. The department has now supervised a number of students (including Calleja, Speight, Martin, Yaghi, Mitchell and many others) whose research is exploring issues relating to democracy and democratization. The proposed offering will therefore offer an important way of exploring these themes in a class seminar format. The department is also looking to provide a course that a wider range of faculty can teach and to provide an additional thematic offering that captures current research across different geographical and thematic areas. Correspondingly, it is anticipated that the proposed course will take the place of POLS*6370, Latin America and the Caribbean, whose enrolment has in the past been low. The proposed course will be open to MA, PhD and 4 th year undergraduate students.

3 6. Are there other departments/schools with expertise in the areas covered by this course? There is no other department in the university that offers a course in democratization. 7. Contribution to the university s learning objectives Proposed reading list Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: List Paragraph, Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.2" + Indent at: 0.45" Baloyra, Enrique, ed. 1987a. Comparing New Democracies: Transition and Consolidation in Mediterranean Europe and the Southern Cone. Boulder: Westview. Baloyra, Enrique. 1987b. Democratic Transition in Comparative Perspective. In Baloyra, ed., Comparing New Democracies, pp Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Barry, Brian Sociologists, Economists and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bermeo Ordinary people in extraordinary times. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bollen, Kenneth Political Democracy and the Timing of Development. American Sociological Review 44 (August), pp Bratton and Van de Walle Democratic experiments in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bunce, Valerie Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations Comparative Political Studies 33, 6/7 (August/September 2000): Cammack, Paul The Political Economy of Contemporary Military Regimes in Latin America: From Bureaucratic Authoritarianism to Restructuring. In Philip O Brien and Paul Cammack, eds., Generals in Retreat, pp Manchester: Manchester University Press Carothers, Thomas The End of the Transition Paradigm, Journal of Democracy 13, no. 2 (January 2002): 5-21 Chalmers, Douglas, and Craig Robinson Why Power Contenders Choose Liberalization. Collier, David Timing of Economic Growth and Regime Characteristics in Latin America. Comparative Politics 7 (April), pp Collier Paths toward democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

4 Coulter, Phillip Social Mobilization and Liberal Democracy. Lexington: Heath Crook, R. and J. Manor (1998) Democracy and Decentralization in South Asia and West Africa Cambridge: CUP Dahl, Robert A Preface to Democracy Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dahl, Robert Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press. Dahl, Robert Polyarchy. New Haven: Yale University Press. Frankel, Francine (2004) India s Political Economy Oxford: Oxford University Press Diamond, Larry Toward Democratic Consolidation Journal of Democracy 5, 3 (1994): Doherty, Ivan Democracy Out of Balance: Civil Society Can t Replace Political Parties Policy Review (April/May 2001): Edwards, Bob and Michael W. Foley Beyond Tocqueville American Behavioral Scientist 42, 1 (September 1998): Geddes What do we know about democratization after 20 years?. Annual Review of Political Science 2: Geisler Fair? What has fairness got to do with it? Vagaries of election observations and democratic standar. Journal of Modern African Studies 31 (4): Gillespie, Charles Uruguay s Transition from Collegial Military-Technocratic Rule. In O Donnell et al., eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, part 2, pp Haggard and Kaufman The political economy of democratic transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Hagopian, Frances, and Scott Mainwaring The Political Economy of Latin American Development: Seven Exercises in Retrospection. Latin American Research Review 22, No. 3, pp Hagopian, Frances Democracy by Undemocratic Means: Elites, Political Parties and Regime Transition on Brazil Comparative Political Studies 23, No. 2(July): Held, David (1996) Models of Democracy Stanford University Press Huntington, Samuel Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Huntington, Samuel Will More Countries Become Democratic? Political Science Quarterly 99 (Summer), pp Inglehart, Ronald and Christian Welzel Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

5 Iris Marion Young Democracy and Inclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press) Kaufman, Robert Liberalization and Democratization in South America: Perspectives from the 1970s. In O Donnell et al., eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, part 3, pp Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries, Vol. 4, pp Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Levine, Daniel H Paradigm Lost: From Dependency to Democracy, World Politics, Volume 40, Issue 3 (April), pp Levine, Daniel. Paradigm Lost: From Dependency to Democracy. World Politics 40, pp Levine, Daniel Venezuela: The Nature, Sources, and Future Prospects of Democracy. In Lijphart, Arend Democracies. New Haven: Yale University Press. Lijphart, Arend Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press. Linz, Juan The Future of an Authoritarian Situation or the Institutionalization of an Authoritarian Regime. In Alfred Stepan, ed., Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies, and Future, pp New Haven: Yale University Press. Linz, Juan Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. In Fred Greenstein and Nelson Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, pp Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Linz, Juan The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Linz, Juan Some Comparative Thoughts on the Transition to Democracy in Portugal and Spain. In Jorge Braga de Macedo and Simon Serfaty, eds., Portugal Since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives, pp Westview: Boulder. Lipset, Seymour Martin Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 53, pp López-Pintor, Rafael Mass and Elite Perspectives in the Process of Transition to Democracy. In Baloyra, ed., Comparing New Democracies, pp Mainwaring, Scott, and Donald Share Transitions through Transaction: Democratization in Brazil and Spain. In Wayne Selcher, ed., Political Liberalization in Brazil, pp Boulder: Westview. Mainwaring, Scott, and Eduardo Viola Transitions to Democracy: Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s. Journal of International Affairs 38 (Winter), pp

6 Malloy, James, and Eduardo Gamarra The Transition to Democracy in Bolivia. In Malloy and Seligson, eds., Authoritarians and Democrats, pp Malloy, James, and Mitchell Seligson, eds Authoritarians and Democrats: Regime Transition in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Malloy, James The Politics of Transition in Latin America. In Malloy and Seligson, eds.,authoritarians and Democrats, pp March, James, and Johan Olsen The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. American Political Science Review 78 (September), pp Martins, Luciano The Liberalization of Authoritarian Rule in Brazil. In O Donnell, Schmitter, and Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Part 2, pp McDonough, Peter, et al The Spanish Public in Political Transition. British Journal of Political Science 11, pp Michels, Robert Political Parties. New York: Dover. Moore, Barrington Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press. Munk, Gerardo Authoritarianism and Democratization: Soldiers and Workers in Argentina, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, pp O Donnell, Guillermo and Philippe Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. O Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe Schmitter Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. In O Donnell et al., eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Part 4, pp O Donnell, Guillermo, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead Democracy as a Contingent Outcome of Conflicts. In Jon Elster, ed., Constitutionalism and Democracy, pp Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O Donnell, Guillermo. Human Development, Human Rights and Democracy In O Donnell et al. (ibid.), pp, O Donnell, Guillermo Illusions about Consolidation, in Journal of Democracy 7 (No. 2) April: O'Donnell Illusions and conceptual flaws. Journal of Democracy 7 (October): Olson Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. American Political Science Review 87 (Sept):

7 Peeler, John Building Democracy in Latin America. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Philip Oxhorn and Graciela Ducantenzeiler, The Problematic Relationship between Economic and Political Liberalization. In Philip Oxhorn and Pamela K. Starr, eds., Markets and Democracy in Latin America. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, Pinkney, R Democracy in the Third World. Boulder, Lynne Rienner, pp Przeworski, Adam Democracy and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi What makes democracies endure?. Journal of Democracy 7 (January): Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi Democracy and development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Przeworski Democracy and the market: Political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press. Putnam, Robert Bowling Alone (Simon and Schuster, 2001); Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone Journal of Democracy 6, 1 (1995): Share, Donald Transitions to Democracy and Transition through Transaction. Comparative Political Studies 19 (January), pp Remmer, Karen New Wine or Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy, Comparative Politics 23: Rigger Machine politics in protracted transition in Taiwan. Democratization 7. Robinson, James A Economic Development and Democracy. Annual Review of Political Science 9: Rustow Transitions to democracy: Toward a dynamic model. Comparative Politics 2 (April): Schedler, Andreas What is Democratic Consolidation?, in Journal of Democracy, April, Vol. 9, No. 2 (pp ). Schumpeter, Joseph Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers. Snyder, Richard and David Samuels Devaluing the Vote in Latin America Journal of Democracy 12, No. 1 (January): Sorensen, G Democracy and Democratization. Boulder: Westview, Chapters 1-3, 5. Sorensen, Georg Democracy and Democratization. Boulder, CO: Westview.

8 Stepan, Alfred The Military in Politics: Changing Patterns in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Tilly, Charles (2003) Contention and Democracy in Europe, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003 Valenzuela, Arturo. eds., Military Rule in Chile: Dictatorship and Opposition, pp Weber, Max The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner s Sons. Weyland, Kurt Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record, Latin American Politics and Society 46. No. 1 (Spring). Wilkinson Votes and violence: Electoral competition and ethnic riots in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Beckwith, Karen Mapping Strategic Engagements: Women s Movements and the State. International Journal of Politics, 9/3: Bratton, Michael and Eric C. C. Chang State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Forwards, Backwards, or Together? Comparative Political Studies, 39/3: Buttigieg, Joseph A Gramsci on Civil Society. boundary 2, 22/3:1-32. Hassim, Shireen The Gender Pact and Democratic Consolidation: Insituting Gender equality in the South Africa State. Feminist Studies, 29/3: Molyneux, Maxine Gender and the Silences of Social Capital: Lessons from Latin America. Development and Change, 33/2: Molyneux, Maxine Mothers at the Service of the New Poverty Agenda: Progresa/Oportunidades, Mexico's Conditional Transfer Programme. Social Policy and Administration, 40/4: Okeke Ihejirika, Philomina E. and Susan Franceschet Democratization and State Feminism: Gender Politics in Africa and Latin America. Development and Change, 33/3: Randall, Vicki and Lars Svåsand Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Africa. Democratization, 9/30: Whelan, Georgina Engendering transitions: women s mobilization, Institutions and Gender Outcomes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.