Category 1: History. Scottish signer of the Declaration of Independence; Founded the College of New Jersey (Known today as Princeton)

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1 1 Category 1: History STAAR Review 2015 RICE *** There are 30 questions from this section on the STAAR test. American Foundations Key People Benjamin Rush John Jay John Witherspoon John Peter Muhlenberg Charles Carroll John Hancock Jonathan Trumbull Sr. Signer of the Declaration of Independence; Father of American Medicine (Rush people to the Hospital) Writer of the Federalist Papers; first Chief justice of the supreme court; supported the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. Scottish signer of the Declaration of Independence; Founded the College of New Jersey (Known today as Princeton) Minister who formed the Black Regiment > a group of clergymen who fought for the Americans during the Revolution. Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence; from Maryland. President of the Second Continental Congress; Largest signature on the Declaration of Independence The only colonial governor to side with the Americans (Patriots) during the American Revolution. Know the Bill of Rights (on the Category 3 Review) STAAR Dates 1898 Spanish American War and the beginning of American Imperialism; America gained Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Hawaii in this year WWI; Woodrow Wilson is President 1929 The stock market crashed, beginning the Great Depression WWII; America is involved in Launch of Sputnik by the Soviets; Begins Space Race; increases science and math education in schools

2 The MLK assassination and the end of the Civil Rights Movement; the US lands on the moon Cold War Ends /11; Begins war on terror; invasion of Afghanistan 2008 First African American president is elected. ERAS 1. Gilded Age/ American West 2. Progressive Era 3. Imperialism and WWI 4. Transition to Modern America (1920s) 5. Great Depression and the New Deal 6. WWII 7. Early Cold War 8. Civil Rights Movement 9. Stormy Sixties/ Vietnam Modern Era Gilded Age and the American West Politics and Legislation Dawes Act Homestead Act Pendleton Civil Service Act Political Machines Provided 160 acres to NAtive Americans; hoped that tribes would settle on reservations, farm, and assimilate to white culture. Provided 160 acres to white settlers; promoted westward expansion Required merit and qualifications to receive and serve in a government position; gets rid of the spoils system: organizations that controlled city governments by

3 3 purchasing votes; promoted corruption; largest NY Tammany Hall under Boss Tweed Populism political movement; supported by farmers and the working class; wanted coining of silver and regulation of business Economic Issues Industrialization Labor Unions free enterprise Factory system brought more jobs to the cities, increased migration and overcrowding; innovations like the assembly line lead to mass production of goods. Samuel Gompers American Federation of Labor Terence Powderly Knights of Labor Haymarket Square Riot An economic system where few restrictions are placed on business activities and ownership. Big Business Pro Innovation Improved Economy More Jobs Con Corruption Wage differences suppression of the working class Monopolies Industrialists John Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie JP Morgan Cornelius Vanderbilt STandard Oil Steel tycoon; Gospel of Wealth Banking; purchased US Steel from Carnegie Railroads Progressive Era Muckrakers and reform leaders Upton Sinclair The Jungle; meatpacking industry; leads to the Pure Food and Drug Act/ Meat Inspection

4 4 Susan B. Anthony Ida B. Wells WEB DuBois Booker T. Washington Suffragist Anti Lynching advocate founder of the NAACP Supporter of vocational training for african americans What role does a third party play in American politics? Progressive Terms Initiative Referendum Recall Know the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments Citizens power to bring forward legislation Right of citizens to vote on legislation power of citizens to remove public officials from office on Category 3 review Imperialism and WWI US Expansion Key Terms Spanish American War Henry Cabot Lodge Alfred Thayer Mahan Theodore Roosevelt Sanford Dole Land acquisitions 1898 USS Maine explodes in Havana; Fight Spain over Cuba; DeLome Letter Friend of T. Roosevelt; opponent to the Versailles Treaty and Wilson Influence of Sea Power on World History; advocated the development of a Modern Navy President; Rough Rider; Big Stick Diplomacy; Conservationist Led coup in Hawaii; becomes president, then governor Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii WWI Terms Causes of War Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism; Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

5 5 Why did the US join conflict? isolationism neutrality Fourteen Points Treaty of Versailles Woodrow Wilson American Expeditionary Force John J. Pershing Technological innovations Battle of the Argonne Forest Unrestricted Submarine Warfare; Zimmerman Note retreating from world affairs not taking sides in a conflict Wilson s plan for peace; included a League of Nations Treaty to end WWI; not signed by the US President during WWI and the Progressive Reform Era US military; AEF Leader of the AEF poison gas; tanks; machine guns; planes; heavy artillery; trench warfare turning point in the conflict America in Transition Roaring Twenties and the Jazz Age Social Darwinism eugenics race relations the Red Scare Prohibition the changing role of women survival of the fittest; applied to business selective breeding rise of the KKK; anti lynching campaigns; NAACP; Back to Africa; Great Migration Fear of communism and radicals; led to A. Mitchell Palmer raids and deportations; Sacco and Vanzetti 18th Amendment; ; no alcohol; speakeasies and bootlegging; led to rise of organized crime Flappers; voters Key Individuals Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan Henry Ford defense attorney during scope trial prosecutor for the scopes trial developed the assembly line for mass production

6 6 Glenn Curtiss Marcus Garvey Charles Lindbergh aviation pioneer led Back to Africa campaign; Black separation first transatlantic flight on the Spirit of St. Louis WWII Causes Dictatorships: Italy, Germany, and Japan Pearl Harbor Atlantic Charter Italy Benito Mussolini; Germany Hitler; Japan; Tojo Hideki/ Hirohito attack in Hawaii, 1941; brought the US into the war Charter signed between Churchill and FDR; discussed US entrance in the war; set plan for a United NAtions Major Issues Holocaust Internment Executive Order 9066 atomic warfare killing of more than 6 million jews in Europe removal of japanese citizens in US to camps japanese internment Hiroshima; Nagasaki; Manhattan Project Homefront Office of War Mobilization war bonds victory gardens Tuskegee Airmen Flying Tigers Navajo Code Talkers Executive Order 8802 transformed US economy from consumer production to war production loans by citizens to fund the government during wartime community gardens that kept the commercial agricultural products for military use African American aviation group in Europe Chinese aviation group Native Americans who transmitted code in Pacific to provide troop movements; code was never broken ended discrimination in job training and employment

7 7 Contributions of Women WAVES; WAACS; in workforce; nurses Warfare Battle of Midway Island hopping Bataan Death March War on Multiple Fronts Omar Bradley Dwight Eisenhower Douglas MacArthur Chester Nimitz George Marshall George Patton Turning point in PAcific Theater; placed japanese on the defense strategy of attacking some islands while skipping others in order to get to Japan forced removal of US and Filipino POWs to work camp; more than 10,000 die US fought in the Pacific and in Europe Commander of US troops in Europe Supreme Commander of the European theater; planned D Day Supreme Commander of the Pacific Theater Admiral of US NAvy in Pacific; winner at Midway Defense secretary during WWII; gave go ahead on D Day Commander of US troops in Europe; invasion of Sicily; died in accident during war Early Cold War Key Terms Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO Berlin Airlift Cuban Missile Crisis Provided Turkey and Greece funds to avoid takeover by the USSR provided aid and restructuring for nations in Europe after WWII; influenced nations not to turn to communism Agreement between Western nations for collective security; USSR creates the Warsaw PAct Lifting of supplies to West Berlin during the blockade in the late 1940s Stand off between Khrushchev and Kennedy over the placement of missiles in Cuba; near nuclear war

8 8 BAy of Pigs McCarthyism HUAC arms race space race brinkmanship deterrence containment Korean War Attempted invasion by the US CIA trained guerrilla force; wanted to overthrow Castro; failed fear of communism and hysteria of spy undermining the government; baseless accusations pursued communists in the movie industry; baseless accusations competition to build nuclear stockpile and arsenal between the US and USSR Competition between the US and the USSR to get into space and to the moon coming to the brink of war without actually going to war keeping an arsenal so strong that no other country would want to attack keep communism from spreading ; US and UN attempt to keep Communist North Korea from taking Democratic South Korea Vietnam Domino Theory Tet Offensive escalation Vietnamization Silent Majority If one asian nation falls to communism, the rest will follow Attack by Vietcong and North Vietnamese on South Vietnamese targets; moral victory for the Communists expanding of the war training the South Vietnamese forces for their own defense while gradually removing US forces; Nixon Policy Speech by Nixon; called those Americans who support the government to step forward fall of Saigon April, 1975 the draft 26th amendment role of the media credibility gap required military service; controversial; led to draft card burnings and protest 18 to vote Sway public opinion during the war the term widely used by skeptics to question the truthfulness of

9 9 Johnson administration s policies and statements about the war in Vietnam. Civil Rights Main Ideas desegregation Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 integration of the races; anti segregation protected against discrimination in business; employment; organizations who take public funds protected voting rights of southern minorities; banned literacy tests I Have A Dream Speech by MLK at the March on Washington Letter from a Birmingham Jail Letter written by MLK to explain to nation the purpose of the marches; Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Key People Martin Luther King Cesar Chavez Rosa PArks Hector P. Garcia Betty Friedan George Wallace Orval Faubus Lester Maddox Leader of the Civil Rights Movement who promoted non violent protest. Co Founder of the United Farm Workers; worked with Dolores Huerta. her arrest sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott Hispanic rights activist; Surgeon during WWII Feminist writer of the Feminine Mystique; founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW). former governor of Alabama; segregationist who ran for president Governor of Arkansas who defied the federal mandate to desegregate public high school in Little Rock, Arkansas; called in National Guard to block enrollment of black student in Little Rock Central High School. Governor of Georgia who refused to desegregate his restaurant Key Cases

10 10 Brown v. Board of Education Mendez v. Westminster Hernandez v. Texas Delgado v. Bastrop ISD Edgewood ISD v. Kirby Sweatt v. Painter Declared Separate but Equal doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson unconstitutional; desegregate the American public school system. held that the segregation of Mexican and Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional. Court ruled that Mexican Americans formed a separate class that was entitled to protection; trial by jury of peers, including members of his race. prohibited the segregation of Mexican Americans in Texas Supreme Court of Texas ruled that Texas' school financing system violated the state constitutional requirement that an "efficient" system of public education be created to provide for the "general diffusion of knowledge." "law school for Negroes," which was to have opened in 1947, would have been grossly unequal to the University of Texas Law School The Middle East support of Israel Camp David Accords Iran Contra Affair Iran Hostage Crisis SALT I US backed Israel in several conflicts against other arab nations; led to 1973 oil embargo. Peace agreement during the Carter administration in which Egypt recognized Israel as a nation, becoming the first arab state to do so. Scandal during Reagan administration that involved the US selling of weapons in Iran to fund the guerrilla forces of the Contras in Nicaragua who were fighting to overthrow the communist government of the Sandinistas. American Embassy in Tehran was captured along with Americans who were then taken hostage; would not be released until Shah of Iran was returned to country for trial. strategic arms limitations treaty stopped production of certain weapons; did NOT stop production of new technology; Nixon administration

11 11 Key Terms Detente Reaganomics Peace Through Strength Phyllis Schlafly Contract with America Heritage Foundation Moral Majority National Rifle Association An easing of tensions between the US, China, and Russia during the Nixon administration; led to opening of trade relations with China. the economic policies of the former US president Ronald Reagan, associated especially with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free market activity. Reagan s take on foreign policy; keep the military strong so that no one threatens the US; increased defense spending during end of the Cold War. leader of Conservative movement against an Equal Rights Amendment Document that served as the platform for the Republican party in the mid 90s; promised tax cuts and welfare reform. an American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C.. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement a political action group formed in the 1970s to further a conservative and religious agenda, including the allowance of prayer in schools and strict laws against abortion. Organization for the protection of gun ownership and gun rights. The Modern Era World Affairs Persian Gulf War the Balkans Crisis 1991 conflict to liberate Kuwait from Occupation by Iraq and Saddam Hussein The US, as part of NATO, steps in to diffuse the warfare over the fracturing of Yugoslavia in the late 90s; bombed over Kosovo. 9/11 Terror attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon killing thousands of people; led to War on Terror, passage of the USA Patriot Act, and search of Osama Bin Laden. War on Terror Post 9/11 policy to take out threat to the US; Al Qaeda; Osama Bin Laden; War in Afghanistan

TEKS (Knowledge and Skills) Student Expectation Breakout Element Subelement

TEKS (Knowledge and Skills) Student Expectation Breakout Element Subelement (a) General requirements. Students shall be awarded one unit of credit for successful completion of this course. (b) Introduction. (1) In United States History Studies Since 1877, which is the second part