STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY. THE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF IRELAND Spring 2012

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1 STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY THE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF IRELAND Spring 2012 Mr. Zimmerman I. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course examines the historical origin of the Republic of Ireland; focuses upon the principal officers and institutions of the national government (Dáil Éireann, Taoiseach, Uachtaran na héireann, Departments, and State-Sponsored Bodies), the local government system; political parties, and interest groups; and analyzes the politics of the decision-making processes. The above institutions are examined on a comparative basis with their counterparts in other parliamentary nations, including the United Kingdom and the Bundesrepublic Deutschland. II. REQUIRED BOOKS Joan Coakley and Michael Gallagher, eds., Politics in the Republic of Ireland, 5 rd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2009). Muiris MacCarthaight, Government in Modern Ireland (Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 2008). III. READING ASSIGNMENTS 1. Introduction: Chubb, Chaps. 1-2, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chaps The Constitution: Chubb, Chap. 3, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap Political Communications: Chubb, Chap Patterns of Participation and Representation: Chubb, Chap. 5, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chaps. 8 and Political Parties: Chubb, Chap. 6, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chaps Pressure Groups: Chubb, Chap. 7, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap Elections: Chubb, Chap. 8, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap The Policy Makers: Chubb, Chap. 9, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chaps The Government: Chubb, Chap. 10, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap The Oireachtas: Chubb, Chap. 11, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap Public Administration: Chubb, Chaps Local Government: Chubb, Chap Controlling the Administration: Chubb, Chap The European Union: Chubb, Chap. 17, and Coakley and Gallagher, Chap Democratic Politics: Coakley and Gallagher, Chap. 14. IV. CLASS ATTENDANCE AND SPECIAL PROBLEMS

2 2 Class attendance is mandatory. Each student is responsible for materials presented in lectures which contain information not found in the assigned readings. Unexcused absences result in a lowering of the course grade. If you experience health, financial, or other problems that interfere with your studies, please notify me and we may be able to make special arrangements during the problem period. V. QUIZZES AND EXAMINATIONS Periodic short quizzes will be administered to assess progress made by students. In addition, three equally weighted examinations will be administered. All quizzes and examinations will be announced in advance. The third and final examination will be held in the classroom on Thursday, May 17, 2012 from 10:30 to 12:30 p.m. Consult the Quiz and Examination on pages 6-7. VI. RESEARCH PAPER A short prospectus (three pages maximum) is due on February 14, 2012, and should describe briefly the research topic, and the methodology to be employed. Topics must relate to the government and politics of the Republic of Ireland. Papers may not be written on the Irish Republican Army. Please include your address and telephone number in the prospectus. Failure to turn in the prospectus on the due date results in an automatic ZERO. An extensive bibliography supporting your research paper and an outline are due on March 8, Failure to turn in the bibliography on the due date results in an automatic ZERO. A complete draft of a well-written and documented research paper is due on March 20, A revised draft of the research paper is due on April 10, Two copies of your final revised research paper are due at the beginning of class on April 26, The research topic should be narrowed sufficiently to facilitate completion of an in-depth research paper. Papers will be returned without a grade if they contain an excessive number of typographical, grammatical, and/or spelling errors. A paper will receive a grade of ZERO if there are no numbers on the pages. Care should be exercised in writing the paper to ensure answers are provided to the following questions: Where? When? For Whom? By Whom? How? What? A research paper MUST be based upon PRIMARY sources of information; i.e., the original publication containing the information. A secondary source should be utilized only when the primary source is unavailable in the Capital District since a secondary source may contain typographical errors and/or contain material taken out of context. Many of the works cited in the syllabus bibliography are not available in the University Library. Please contact the Interlibrary Loan Office for these and other publications unavailable in the University Library. Please use CAPTIONS (headings) center and side to divide your paper into sections. The first caption should be a center one and under it should be placed subcaptions on the left side of

3 3 the paper. The number of center captions is determined by the number of major sections of your paper. NOTES Documentation is important in a research paper, but over-documentation should be avoided. A complete citation must be provided for each direct or indirect quotation of a statement made by another individual. Citations must be provided for all constitutional provisions, statutes, statutory instruments, and court decisions. In addition, a citation must be provided for information that is not general knowledge. Each note must be placed at the FOOT OF THE PAGE of the research paper. Notes must follow the style listed below: 1. The first reference to a work must be a full citation. Subsequent citations must be by the author s surname and an abridged but unambiguous form of title and the precise page(s). 2. Op. Cit. and Loc. Cit. must not be used. 3. Ibid. may be used. 4. A definite scheme of abbreviations may be used in the notes for sources cited repeatedly provided a list of abbreviations is provided. 5. Exact page references must be cited. 6. Include in parenthesis after the address of an electronic source the name of the newspaper, periodical, or organization. Include the page number(s) if listed. Notes: Sample note and bibliographic entries are listed below: 1. Garrett Fitzgerald, All in a Life Garret FitzGerald: An Autobiography (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1991). 2. Tom Garvin, Democracy in Ireland: Collective Somnambulance and Public Policy, Administration, vol. 39, no. 1, 1991, p Sean Dooney, Civil Servants Need to Draw a Fine Line During the Interregnum, The Irish Times, November 26, 1992, p Fitzgerald, All in a Life, p Thomas J. Barrington, The Irish Administrative System (Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1980), pp Joseph F. Zimmerman, Role Perceptions of Dual Office Holders in Ireland, Administration, Spring 1978, pp Dooney, Civil Servants, p Joseph F. Zimmerman, The Irish City and County Management System, Home Rule and Civil Society, no. 11, 2000, pp BIBLIOGRAPHY Where appropriate, the Bibliography should be divided into the following sections: Public Documents, Books and Pamphlets, Articles, and Unpublished Material.

4 4 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Bax, Mart. Harpstrings and Confessions: Machine-Style Politics in the Irish Republic. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, Assen, Boyle, Richard, Toward a New Public Service. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1995., Partnership at the Organisation Level. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Casey, James. Constitutional Law in Ireland, 2nd ed. London: Swett & Maxwell, PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Annual Report of the Ombudsman. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Bunreacht Na héireann, art. 10, par. 1. Report of the Posts & Telegraphs Review Group Dublin: The Stationery Office, ARTICLES Dooney, Sean. Civil Servants Need to Draw a Fine Line During the Interregnum, The Irish Times (November 26, 1992): 14. FitzPatrick, Martin. Very Civil Servant to the Boss, Sunday Independent (January 27, 1991): 12. Zimmerman, Joseph F. Irish State-Sponsored Bodies: The Fractionalization of Authority and Responsibility, Administration 12 (Spring 1985): Zimmerman, Joseph F. The Irish Ombudsman-Information Commissioner, Administration 49 (Spring 2001): UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Zimmerman, Joseph F. Proportional Representation: The Irish Experience. Presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, September 2, Federalismo E O Sistema Fiscal Urbano. Apresentado na Conferencia Sobre Feerralismo, Brasilia, Brasil, Novembro 16 de Federalism in the United States of America. Presented at Moscow State University, Moscow, U.S.S.R., June 4, ELECTRONIC SOURCES Electronic sources should be cited on a separate page with the caption ELECTRONIC SOURCES. Include the name of the newspaper, periodical, or organization in parenthesis.

5 5 VII. GRADE ELEMENTS Each examination will count as one-fifth of your course grade as will quizzes collectively, and your research paper. VIII. OFFICE LOCATION HOURS Office hours are 10:10 a.m. to 11:30 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the Contact Office of Rockefeller College in HU16. In addition, office hours are held on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. in Richardson Hall, Room 288 on the downtown campus. (Take the University bus to Draper Hall and walk one building back toward the uptown campus). Other hours may be scheduled by appointment. Messages can be left in my mail box in Milne Hall on the downtown campus. You are free to telephone me at home ( ) if you are unable to contact me at my office ( ). The office telephone number is a direct line and you may leave a message on voice mail if I am not in the office or you may telephone me at my home. My address is jzimmerman@albany.edu.

6 6 INSERT THE MARCH 11, 2011 QUIZ

7 7 INSERT THE MARCH 15, 2011 EXAMINATION

8 8 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY All Party Oireachtas Committee on the Constitution. Seventh Progress Report. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Annual Report of the Northern Ireland Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration and the Commissioner for Complaints. London: Her Majesty s Stationery Office. Annual Report of the Ombudsman. Dublin: The Stationery Office. Archer, Clive. The European Union: Structure and Process, 3 rd ed. London: Continuum, Aughey, Arthur. The Politics of Northern Ireland. New York: Routledge, Barrington, Thomas J. The Irish Administrative System. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Bax, Mart. Harpstrings and Confessions: Machine-Style Politics in the Irish Republic. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, Assen, Bew, Paul. Sean Lemass and the Making of Modern Ireland: Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Bew, Paul, Ellen Hazelkorn, and Henry Patterson. The Dynamics of Irish Politics. London: Lawrence and Wishart, Birrell, Serek and Amanda Hayes. Local Government in Northern Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Blackwell, John, ed. Toward an Efficient and Equitable Housing Policy. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Bőrzel, Tanja, ed. The State of the European Union, Volume 6. New York: Oxford University press, Boyle, Richard. Discussion Paper No. 6. Governance and Accountability in the Civil Service. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Boyle, Richard. Toward a New Public Service. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Partnership at the Organisation Level. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Bristow, John. Taxation in Ireland: An Economist s Perspective. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Brown, Michael, Patrick Geoghegan, and James Kelly, Sr., Eds. The Irish Act of Union. London: Frank Cass Publishers, Browne, Noël. Against the Tide. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Byrne, Denis, et al. Strategic Management in the Irish Civil Service: A Review Drawing on Experience in New Zealand and Australia. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Callanan, Mark and Justin F. Keogan, eds. Local Government in Ireland: Inside Out. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Carty, R.K. Party and Parish Pump: Electoral Politics in Ireland. Ontario: Wilfrio Laurier Press, 1981.

9 9 Casey, James. Constitutional Law in Ireland, 2nd ed. London: Swett & Maxwell, Chauvire, Roger. A Short History of Ireland. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, Chubb, Basil. Cabinet Government in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, The Constitution and Constitutional Change in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, The Government & Politics of Ireland, 4th ed. Reading, MA: Longman, A Source Book of Irish Government, 2nd ed. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, City and County Management : A Retrospective. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Coakley, John and Michael Gallagher, eds. Politics in the Republic of Ireland, 2nd ed. Tallaght, Ireland: Folens, Cohan, A.S. The Irish Political Elite. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Collins, Neil. Irish Politics Today, 4 th ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, Local Government Managers at Work. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Collins, Neil and Terry Cradden. Irish Politics Today, 3rd ed. New York: St. Martin s Press, Collins, Stephen. The Haughey File: The Unprecedented Career and Last Years of the Boss. Dublin: O Brien Press, Committee on the Management of Local Government (Maud). Report, vol. 4 (by Dr. A. Hedley Marshall). London: Her Majesty s Stationery Office, Coogan, Tim P. The IRA, rev. ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Coombes, David, ed. Ireland And the European Commission: 10 Years of Membership. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Limited, Curry, John. Irish Social Services, 3rd ed. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Daly, Mary E., ed. County and Town: One Hundred Years of Local Government in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Dixon, Paul. Northern Ireland: The Politics of War and Peace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Dooge, James, ed. Ireland in the Contemporary World: Essays in Honour of Garret FitzGerald. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Downey, James. Lenihan: His Life and Loyalties. Dublin: New Island Books, Dottin, Georges. The Celts. Geneva: Editions Minera, Drudy, P.J., ed. Ireland: Land, Politics, and People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Dunne, Joseph, Attracta Halpin, and Frank Litton, eds. Questioning Ireland: Political Debates in Political Philosophy and Public Policy. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Dunphy, Richard. The Making of Fianna Faíl Power in Ireland Oxford: Clarendon Press, Dwyer, T. Tyle. Eamon De Valera. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Fallen Idol: Haughey s Controversial Career. Cork: Mercier Press, Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch. Cork: Mercier Press, Edwards, Owen D. The Sins of Our Father: Roots of Conflict in Northern Ireland. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1970.

10 10 European Political Co-operation (EPC), 5th ed. Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, Fahey, Tony, Bernadette C. Hayes, and Richard Sinnott. Conflict and Consensus: A Study of Values and Attitudes in the Republic Of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Fanning, Ronan. The Irish Department of Finance, Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Farrell, Brian. The Founding of Dáil Eireann: Parliament and Nation Building. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Fanning, Bryan and Tony McNamara, eds. Ireland Develops: Administration and Social Policy Administration, 51 (Spring/Summer 2003): Farrell, Brian, ed. The Irish Parliamentary Tradition. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, Fisk, Robert. In Time of War: Ireland, Ulster, and the Price of Neutrality Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, FitzGerald, Garret. All in a Life Garrett FitzGerald: An Autobiography. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Reflections on the Irish State. Dublin: Academic Press, State-Sponsored Bodies, 2 nd Ed. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, FitzGibbons, Constantine. The Life and Times of Eamon de Valera. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Focus on Strategic Policy Committees. Update March 1998: Guidelines and Seminar Proceedings. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Forde, Micheal. Constitutional Law of Ireland. Cork: The Mercier Press, Galligan, Yvonne. Women and Politics in Contemporary Ireland. London: Pinter, Garvin, Tom. 1922: The Birth of Irish Democracy. New York: St. Martin s Press, The Irish Senate. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, The Evolution of Irish Nationalist Politics. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Limited, Gill, Karin and Fiachra Kennedy, eds. Irish Political Studies Data Yearbook London: Frank Cass Publishers, Goodman, James. Single Europe, Single Ireland: Uneven Development in Process. London: Frank Cass Publishers, Greater Dublin Commission of Inquiry. Report. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Hachey, Thomas and Lawrence McCaffrey. Perspectives on Irish Nationalism. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, Harvey, Brian. Cosgrave s Coalition. Harrow: Eureditions, Hallet, George H., Jr. Proportional Representation: The Key to Democracy. New York: National Municipal League, Heclo, Hugh and Aaron Wildasvsky. The Private Government of Public Money: Community Policy Inside British Politics, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan Press, Hederman, Miriam. The Road to Europe: Irish Attitudes, Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Hensey, Brendon. The Health Services of Ireland, 4th ed. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Hill, Ronald J. and Roland Sturm, eds. Politics and Society in Contemporary Ireland. Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing Company, Limited, 1986.

11 11 Hopkington, Michael. The Irish War of Independence. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Horgan, John. Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Hug, Chrystel. The Politics of Sexual Morality in Ireland. New York: St. Martin s Press, Humphreys, Peter C. Discussion Paper No. 7. Improving the Public Service. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, and Orla O Donnell. Public Service Decentralisation Governance Opportunities and Challenges. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Hussey, Gemma. At the Cutting Edge: Cabinet Diaries Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Inglis, Tom. Moral Monopoly: The Catholic Church in Modern Irish Society. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Johnston, Joseph. Why Ireland Needs the Common Market. Cork: Mercier Press, Limited, Katsuji, Ishizuka. Ireland and International Peacekeeping Operations London: Frank Cass Publishers, Kautt, William H. The Anglo-Irish War, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, Keane, Ronan. The Law of Local Government in the Republic of Ireland. Dublin: Incorporated Law Society, Keena, Colm. Haughey s Millions: Charlie s Money Train. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Kelly, J.M. The Irish Constitution, 2nd ed. Dublin: Jurish Publishing Company, Kennedy, Michael. Division and Consensus: The Politics of Cross-Border Relations in Ireland, Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Kenney, Kieran A., ed. From Famine to Feast: Economic and Social Change in Ireland: Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Kohn, L. The Constitution of the Irish Free State. London: Allen and Unwin, Lee, Joseph F. Ireland : Politics and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Littlon, Frank, ed. The Constitution of Ireland: Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, The Local Appointments Commission Dublin: The Stationery Office, Lynch, Timothy J. Turf War: The Clinton Administration and Northern Ireland. Abington, England: Ashgate, Lyons, F.S.I. Ireland Since the Famine. Glascow: Fontana, Macardle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic. London: Transworld Publishers, MacCarthaigh, Muiris Accountability in Irish Parliamentary Politics. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, and Maurice Manning, eds. The Houses of the Oireachtas: Parliament in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, MacDonagh, Oliver. States of Mind: A Study of Anglo-Irish Conflict London: Allen & Unwin, MacIntyre, Tom. Through the Bridewell Gate: A Diary of the Dublin Arms Trial. London: Faber and Faber, Maguire, Martin. Servants to the Public: A History of the Local Government and Public Services Union. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Mair, Peter. The Changing Irish Party System: Organisation, Ideology, and Electoral Competition. London: Pinter Publishers, Manning, Maurice. Irish Political Parties: An Introduction. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1972.

12 12 Mansergh, N. The Irish Free State: Its Government and Politics. London: Allen and Unwin, McAuliffe, Elish and Laraine Joyce, eds. A Healthier Future? Managing Healthcare in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, McCarcken, J.L. Representative Government in Ireland: A Study of Dáil Éireann London: Oxford University Press, McCarthaigh, Muris. Accountability in Irish Parliamentary Politics. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, McColgan, John. British Policy and the Irish Administration London: Allen and Unwin, McCracken, J.L. Representative Government in Ireland: A Study of Dáil Éireann London: Oxford University Press, McDonagh, Bobby. Original Sin in a Brave New World: An Account of the Negotiation of the Treaty of Amsterdam. Dublin: Institute of European Affairs, McDowell, R.B. The Irish Administration: London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, McKay, D. Federalism and European Union: A Political Economy Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, McKinsey and Company. Strengthening the Local Government Services: A Report Prepared for the Minister for Local Government. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Miller, David W. Church, State, and Nation in Ireland, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Mitchell, Arthur. Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dáil Eireann, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Mitchell, George J. Making Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Morgan, David G. Constitutional Law of Ireland. Cork: The Round Hall Press, Moss, Warner. Political Parties in the Irish Free State. New York: Columbia University Press, Mulreany, Michael and Lian St. John Devlin, eds. Public Expenditure and the Private Sector. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Munley, Vincent, Robert Thorton, and Richard Aronson. The Irish Economy in Transition: Successes, Problems, and Prospects. Oxford: Elsevier Science, National Report to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: Ireland. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Nolan, Brian, Philip O Connell, and Christopher Whelan. BUST to BOOM? The Experience of Growth and Inequality. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, O Brien, Justin. The Arms Trial. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Charles J. Haughey: The Quest for The Modern Prince. Dublin: Merlin, O Brien, Maire and Conor Cruist O Brien. A Concise History of Ireland. New York: Beekman House, O Byrnes, Stephen. Hiding Behind a Face: Fine Gael Under FitzGerald. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, O Connor, Pat. Emerging Voices: Women in Contemporary Irish Society. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, O Conor, Rionnuala. In Search of a State: Catholics in Northern Ireland. Belfast: The Blackstaff Press, 1993.

13 13 The Oireachtas Companion and Saorstat Guide for 1928: Oireachtas Eireann, Dublin: Helus Limited, O Donnell, Ian and Eoin O Sullivan. Crime Control in Ireland: The Politics of Intolerance. Cork: Cork University Press, O Leary, Brendan and John McGarry. The Politics of Antagonism: Understanding Northern Ireland. London: The Athlone Press, O Leary, Olivia and Helen Burke. Mary Robinson: The Authorized Biography. London: Hodder & Stoughton, O Mahony, Patrick and Gerard Delanty. Rethinking Irish History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, O Mahoney, T.P. Jack Lynch: A Biography. Dublin: Blackwater Press, O Sullivan, Michael. Sean Lemass: A Biography. Dublin: Blackwater Press, Pakenham, Frank. Eamon de Valera. London: Gill & Macmillan, Peillon, Michell. Contemporary Society: An introduction. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Prager, Jeffrey. Building Democracy in Ireland: Political Order and Cultural Integration in a Newly Independent Nation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Public Service Organisation Review Group. Report. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Pyper, Robert. The British Civil Service. Hemel Hempstead, England: Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatshead, Quinlivan, Oadh. Philip Monahan: A Man Apart: The Life and Times of Ireland s First Local Authority Manager. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Raven, John et al. Political Culture in Ireland: The Views of Two Generations. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Regan, John M. The Irish Counter-Revolution: Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry (Dunnes Payments). Dublin: The Stationery Office, Robbins, Joseph. The Miasma: Epidemic and Panic in Nineteenth Century Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Roche, Desmond. Local Government in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Rohan, Sally. The Western European Union. London: Frank Cass Publishers, Rose, Richard. Ministers and Ministries: A Functional Analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Ruane, Joseph and Jennifer Todd. The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland, 2 nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, Sacks, P.M. The Donegal Mafia: An Irish Political Machine. New Haven: Yale University Press, Savage, Richard J. Sean Lemass. Dublin: Dudalgan Press, Scharpf, Fritz W. Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? Oxford: Oxford University Press, Schmitt, David E. The Irony of Irish Democracy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, Schmitter, Philippe. How to Democratize the European Union And Why Bother? New York: Rowman and Littlefield, Serving the Country Better: A White Paper on the Public Service. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Severn, Bill. Irish Statesman and Rebel: The Two Lives of Eamon de Valera. Folkestone, England: Bailey Brothers, Sinnott, Richard. Irish Voters Decide. New York: Manchester University Press, 1995.

14 14 Smith, Gordon. Politics in Western Europe, 5th ed. Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing Company, Smith, Raymond. Garret the Enigma. Dublin: Aherlow Publishers, Smyth, John C. The Theory and Practice of the Irish Senate. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Stout, Ronald M. Administrative Law in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Tierney, Myles. The Parish Pump: A Study of Efficiency and Local Government in Ireland. Dublin: Able Press, Tobin, John R. Leinster House: Seat of Dáil Éireann-Seanad Éireann. Dublin: The Stationery Office, Tovey, Hilary. Environmentalist in Ireland: Movement and Activists. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Townshend, Charles. Ireland: The 20 th Century. New York: Oxford University Press, Van Schendelen, Rinus and Roger Scully. The Unseen Hand: Unelected European Legislators. London: Frank Cass Publishers, Ward, Eilis and Ben Tonra, eds. Ireland in International Affairs. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Whitaker, T.K. Protection or Free Trade: The Final Battle. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Williams, Walter. Washington, Westminster, and Whitehall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Woodham-Smith, Cecil. The Great Hunger, Ireland London: Hamilton, Younger, Carlton. Ireland s Civil War. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, A State of Disunion: Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins, James Craig, and Eamon de Valera. London: Fontana, 1972.