SPANISH INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA. ieee.es

Transcription

1 SPANISH INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA ieee.es Captain (SPN) IGNACIO JOSÉ GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ Lisbon Treaty and Future of the European Security Policy DEPUTY DIRECTOR (Prague. 06 MAY 2010)

2 INDEX HARD VS SOFT POWER? AFRICA S FRAGILITY NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS?

3 HARD VERSUS SOFT POWER? Rules must be binding. Violations must be punished. Words must mean something. The world must stand together. President Obama s speech delivered in Prague. 05 April 2009

4 HARD VERSUS SOFT POWER? Multilateralism, Comprehensiveness, Sustainability Spanish Defence Policy Secretary General s recent speech balancing the 20 years of the Spanish participation on Peace Operations, with the first operation in Angola under the United Nations mission UNAVEM in January In that speech, Mr. Luis Civis referred to the intervention of the Spanish Minister of Defence in the Spanish Parliament during the presentation of the National Defence Directive, stating that the response to the treats in the new scenario must be MULTILATERAL, COMPREHENSIVE and SUSTAINED IN TIME.

5 HARD VERSUS SOFT POWER? Africa-EU Peace and Security Partnership The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership adopted by the Lisbon Summit on 9 December 2007 laid the foundation of a long-term strategic partnership. A GLOBAL RESPONSE FOR FRAGILITY SITUATIONS Mme. Claude-France Arnould Director of Crisis Management & Planning Department

6

7 1 SOMALIA ZIMBABWE SUDAN CHAD DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO GUINEA IVORY COAST KENYA SPAIN CZECH REPUBLIC 42.6

8 15 NIGERIA ETHIOPIA UGANDA NIGER BURUNDI CAMEROON GUINEA-BISSAU MALAWI REPUBLIC OF CONGO SIERRA LEONE LIBERIA BURKINA FASO ERITREA 90.3 Core Five State Institutions Leadership Military Police Judiciary Civil Service Weak Weak Poor Weak Weak

9 43 EGYPT RWANDA MAURITANIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA TOGO COMOROS ANGOLA CHINA ISRAEL/WEST BANK ZAMBIA SWAZILAND LESOTHO MADAGASCAR TANZANIA RUSSIA MOZAMBIQUE ALGERIA DJIBOUTI 80.6

10 80 GAMBIA MALI CAPE VERDE INDIA MOROCCO NAMIBIA GABON SENEGAL BELIZE LIBYA BRAZIL BOTSWANA SEYCHELLES TUNISIA SOUTH AFRICA TRINIDAD GHANA 66.2

11 DEMOGRAPHY Millions of persons Año 1920 Año 1950 Año % infected by AIDS Lack of Infrastructure Two thirds of those living with HIV are in sub-saharan Africa, most of whom are women Problems of governability

12

13 ETHNICITY Parliament: 245 seats 44 seats for each clan Dir, Hawiye, Darod y Digil

14 GOVERNABILITY Somalia never will become a viable State while capable security structures were not in place. Only in that way, the Transition Federal Government will be able to extent its authority and, eventually, prevent the crime and so, the acts of piracy SP MOD Mrs. Chacón

15 REGIONALIZATION

16 875 nm AFRICA S FRAGILITY PIRACY 12 JUN May 09 Haradheere 05 Nov Nov 09

17 SUDAN 1956 independence Civil War: North versus South 600 ethnic groups Racism against the black population From 1983: 1 million deaths 2-3 millions displaced/refugees LEADERSHIP CHAD According to the UN, Chad has been affected by a humanitarian crisis since at least As of 2008, the country of Chad hosts over 280,000 refugees from the Sudan's Darfur region, over 55,000 from the Central African Republic, as well as over 170,000 internally displaced persona On 4 March 2008, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for President Omar al-bashir on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity, the first sitting head of state ever indicted by the ICC

18

19

20

21

22 THE TUAREG PROBLEM bluemen and yellowcake DEPLETION OF WATER AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE FRENCH COLONIZATION NIGER MOVEMENT for JUSTICE DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE for CHANGE ALQAEDA in the ISLAMIC MAGREB (AQIM) Resource exploration and development trigger concerns that the Tuareg will suffer the consequences of these projects without receiving any of the benefits

23 ARGELIA AREAS OF TERRORISM ACTIVITY MOST IMPORTANTS Year 2009: 250 violent acts 7% against civilians AL QAEDA ORGANIZATION IN THE ISLAMIC MAGREB Abdelmadek Droukel Salafiste Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)

24 The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 of 29 April 1991 The consolidation of the status quo is not an acceptable outcome Extended mandate until 30 April 2011

25 GUINEA-BISSAU SSR Pte. João Bernardo Vieira Gral. Tagmé SSR AFs Reduction and new structure Reduce 9 Policy bodies to 4 Justice

26 MADEIRA CANARIAS MAURITANIA 2100 THE MEDITERRANEAN BREACH PORTUGAL AFRICA S FRAGILITY MARRUECOS ALGERIA MOROCCO 4600 SPAIN FRANCE ARGELIA TUNEZ TUNISIA 8000 ITALY LIBYA LIBIA GREECE EU: $ World: $ Maghreb: $ EGYPT EGIPTO MAR NEGRO Africa: $ 42% population 88% GDP- 5 Countries over the World average 6000 ISRAEL GDP per CAPITA $ (CIA. Fact Book. Estimated 2009) MAURITANIA

27 Africa in the darkness We will not enjoy development without security, we will not enjoy security without development and we will not enjoy either without respect for human rights. Unless all the causes are advanced, none will succeed (Kofi Annan. In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all. 21 March 2005)

28 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS

29 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS Euro-Arabic Dialogue Group 5+5 The Med Dialogue + ICI Euro-Med Partnership Union for the Med The Alliance of Civilizations

30 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS NATO s Mediterranean Dialogue was initiated in It currently involves seven non-nato countries of the Mediterranean region: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) Reaching out to the broader Middle East NATO's ICI, launched at the Alliance's Summit in June 2004, aims to contribute to long-term global and regional security. Six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were initially invited to participate. To date, four of these -- Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates -- have joined. Saudi Arabia and Oman have also shown an interest

31 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS Administrative centre: Barcelona, Spain Co-presidency: Egypt France

32 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS We cannot neglect the importance of security and military measures, on the contrary, they are critical. But, ultimately, this is not a struggle that can be won by military means alone. The struggle is one of ideas, of hearts and minds as well as of weapons. And we have to realize that the roots of the alternative narrative which sees Islam pitted against the West, go deep.

33 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS Strategic Partnership AFRICA-EU AFRICOM Spanish PLAN AFRICA

34 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS The EU-Africa summit, held in December 2007 in Lisbon, cemented new Africa-EU strategic partnership, marking a qualitative leap in relations between the two continents First ACTION PLAN specifies concrete proposals for , structured along 8 Africa-EU strategic partnerships: 1. PEACE AND SECURITY For Africans partners it means to taking the responsibility for the collective security system set up on the African continent, with full support of the Europeans. For the EU and its member states is an opportunity to move beyond the political support and join in a global strategy. This partnership is indeed a comprehensive commitment that joins development policies and the CFSP, including the CSDP

35 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS "Multilateral exercises like Phoenix Express are an important part of the U.S. Naval Forces Africa Maritime Supporting Plans and the International Military Partnering Lines of Operations" ROTA, Spain - Lance Corporal Drew Van Hook, assigned to Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Team (FAST), Company Europe, at Naval Station Rota, Spain, instructs a Moroccan maritime interdiction operations team on basic close quarter battle training, April 27, 2010, in preparation for Exercise Phoenix Express. The goals of the exercise are to increase participating countries' knowledge and experience with FAST unit core capabilities and highlight common safety and security concerns in the maritime environment such as illegal immigration, criminal activity, narcotics trafficking, and weapons trafficking. (U.S. Navy photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Paul Cage)

36 NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS Main Goals Strengthen democracy, respect for human rights, peace and security Combating poverty and contributing to Africa's development agenda Cooperation to adequately regulate migratory flows Development of the EU strategy towards Africa Economic trade and investment promotion Strengthening cultural cooperation Political projection and institutional presence

37 SPANISH INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA ieee.es Captain (SPN) IGNACIO JOSÉ GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ Lisbon Treaty and Future of the European Security Policy DEPUTY DIRECTOR (Prague. 06 MAY 2010)