1900 to Present Review What you need to know:

Transcription

1 1900 to Present Review What you need to know: 1. Questions of periodization: (continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period). a. Redefinition and repositioning of the west b. Increase in international contacts c. democratic transition d. changes in belief systems e. systems of inequality 2. The World Wars, the Holocaust, the Cold War, nuclear weaponry, international organization, and their impact on the global framework (globalization of diplomacy and conflict; global balance of power; reduction of European influence; the League of Nations; the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Nations, etc). a. WWI: causes, spark of the war; nature of the war, Versailles Treaty b. WWII: causes, rise of Japan, expansionism in Europe, nature of the war, the Holocaust, course of the war, end of war. c. Post WWII international organizations and their purpose. d. Cold War: what is it, causes of, arms race, outcomes 1

2 3. New patterns of nationalism (the interwar years; decolonization; racism; genocide; new nationalisms, including the breakup of the Soviet Union) a. Nationalism in Africa b. Post WWII struggles in Algeria c. Decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa d. Nationalism in India e. Nationalist movements in Southeast Asia f. Nationalism in Latin America 4. Impact of major global economic developments (the Great Depression; technology; Pacific Rim; multinational corporations). a. Great Depression: 2

3 b. 20 th Century Technology: i. Computer Age: ii. Multinational corporations: iii. Pacific Rim: 5. New forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations: a. Communism: b. Fascism: 6. Social reform and social revolution (changing gender roles; family structures; rise of feminism; peasant protest; international Marxism). a. Communism in Russia: i. Stalin: ii. Post-Stalin: 3

4 b. Communism in China: i. Mao Zedong: ii. Deng Xiaopong: c. Feminist movements: d. Black nationalism: e. Peasant protests: f. Marxism: 7. Globalization of science technology and culture: a. Developments in global cultures and regional reactions, including between science and consumer culture. b. Forces for globalizations: c. Forces for fragmentation: 4

5 d. Interactions between elite and popular cultures and art: e. Patterns of resistance including religious responses: 8. Demographic and Environmental changes: (migrations; changes in birthrates and death rates; new forms of urbanization; deforestation; greaen/environmental movements). a. 2 types of migrations: i. Rural to urban: ii. Global migrations: b. Population increases: c. Growth of developing nations: d. Contrasting population pyramids: e. Green Movements: 5

6 9. Diverse Interpretations: a. Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the 20 th century? b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using units of analysis in the 20 th century, such as the nation, the world, the West, and the Third World? MAJOR COMPARISONS 1. Patterns and results of decolonization in Africa and India. 2. Pick revolutions (Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Iranian) and compare their effects on the roles of women). 3. Compare the effects of World Wars on areas outside of Europe. 4. Compare legacies of colonialism and patterns of economic development (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) 5. The notion of the West and the East in the context of Cold War ideology. 6. Compare nationalist ideologies and movements in contrasting European and colonial environments. 7. Compare the different types of independence struggles. 8. Compare the impacts of Western consumer society on civilizations outside of Europe. 9. Compare high tech warfare with guerrilla warfare. 6

7 Key Terms and People The Americas Caudillo Isolationism La Reforma Monroe Doctrine Parliamentary System Presidential System Regionalism Spanish American War Porfirio Diaz Benito Juarez Jose Antonio Paez Juan Manual de Rosas Middle East, Russia and Japan Anarchist Boxer Rebellion Canton System Crimean War Decembrist Revolt Diet (in Japanese gov t) Duma Intelligentsia Meiji Restoration Opium Wars Taiping Rebellion Tanzimat Reforms Trans-Siberian Railroad Treaty of Nanking Young Turks Zaibatsu Zemstvoes Global Conflicts Appeasement Aryan (Hitler s version so the wrong definition) Axis Powers Battle of Britain Battle of the Bulge Battle of Midway Battle of the Marne Bolsheviks Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Central Powers Chinese Revolution of 1911 Conscription D-Day Eastern Front Fascism Five Year Plan Wilson s Fourteen Points Genocide Great Depression Guomindang Holocaust Island Hopping League of Nations Leninism Mandate System Marxism Mein Kampf Munich Conference Nanking Massacre Nationalism Nazi Party New Deal Pan-Slavism Pearl Harbor Protectionism Reparations Russian Revolution of 1905 Self-Determination Soviet Total War Trench Warfare Tripartite Pact Triple Entente Treaty of Versailles Weimar Republic Western Front Chiang Kai-shek Winston Churchill Cixi Adolf Hitler Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) Alexander Kerensky John Maynard Keynes Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Sun Yat-sen Leon Trotsky 7

8 Post WWII African National Congress Apartheid Chinese Cultural Revolution Civil Disobedience Containment Corporatism Cuban Missile Crisis Decolonization Great Leap Forward Iranian Cultural Revolution Iron Curtain Islamic Fundamentalism Korean War League of Arab States Marshall Plan NATO PLO Potsdam Conference UN Security Council Space Race Sputnik Tehran Conference Third World Truman Doctrine United Nations Vietnam War Yalta Conference Zionist Movement Fulgencio Batista Lazaro Cardenas Fidel Castro Charles De Gaulle W.E.B. DuBois Mohandas Gandhi Ernesto Che Guevara Ho Chi Minh Muhammad Ali Jinnah Jomo Kenyatta Ruhollah Khomeini Nikita Khrushchev Nelson Mandela Gamel Abdel Nasser Jawahrlal Nehru Kwame Nkrumah Juan Peron Eva Peron Augusto Pinochet Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Getulio Vargas Globalization Al-Queda Command Economy Cultural Globalization Dependency Theory European Union Fragmentation (political) Glasnost Globalization Green Revolution Human Rights Movement Integration Lesser Developed Country More Developed Country Market Economy Marketization Megacity Mixed Economy Modernization NAFTA Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Passive Resistance Perestroika Privatization Post-Modernism Stateless Nation Supranational Organization Tiananmen Crisis Universal Declaration of Human Rights Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) World Bank World Trade Organization Saddam Hussein Boris Yeltsin 8