VS. THE COLD WAR BEGINS

Transcription

1 VS. THE COLD WAR BEGINS

2 GEORGIA STANDARDS SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States. a. Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy. b. Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China and the outbreak of the Korean War and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.

3 THE COLD WAR AFFECTS THE WORLD

4 ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR United States President Harry Truman and Soviet Union dictator Josef Stalin disagreed on how Germany and Eastern Europe should be controlled after WWII. Remember the United States (US) was capitalist; the Soviet Union (USSR) was communist. Capitalism - the economy is controlled by privately owned businesses Communism the economy is controlled by the government (or common ownership ) Stalin s Red army ended up occupying almost all of Eastern Europe making those occupied countries satellite states of the USSR. The rivalry for control between the US and the USSR led to a 46 year conflict known as the Cold War.

5

6

7 STOPPING COMMUNISM British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed with Truman that Stalin was attempting to spread Soviet influence throughout the world. He commented that the world was now divided in two by an iron curtain ; one side being communist, the other side being capitalist.

8 STOPPING COMMUNISM The Soviet Union attempted to expand its influence over the struggling nations of Greece and Turkey. President Truman asked Congress in 1947 to assist these two countries financially in order to deter them from falling under control of the USSR. Truman s promise to aid nations struggling against communist movements became known as the Truman Doctrine, setting a new course for American foreign policy.

9 STOPPING COMMUNISM July 1947 George Keenan, an American diplomat, published an article about the global intentions of the USSR Keenan argued that the Soviet Union would be persistent and patient in its attempts to expand communist influence. His article presented a blueprint for the American policy of suppressing communism called the Containment Policy The United States would actively seek to stop the spread of communism around the world by isolating communist countries both economically and militarily

10 STOPPING COMMUNISM After WWII, European countries were in desperate need for food, fuel, medical supplies, and other goods to rebuild. Marshall Plan Proposed by Secretary of State and former US general George C. Marshall Promised financial aid to European countries to help them rebuild (if they would reject communism) This aid helped facilitate good relationships between Western Europe and the US and also helped reduce the influence of communism on the continent.

11 COMMUNISM SPREADS After WWII, China entered a civil war between communists and nationalists for control of the government Mao Zedong leader of the Chinese communists Chaing Kai-Shek leader of the Chinese nationalists Zedong s Communists win control of the government US had supported Kai-Shek s nationalists forces in China, but refused to intervened militarily Americans were shocked at the communist victory in China Seen as a failure of the Containment Policy.

12 COMMUNISM SPREADS After WWII, the Korean peninsula divided at the 38 th Parallel (line of latitude) North Korea was communist and was supported by the Soviet Union. South Korea was capitalist and was supported by the United States.

13 COMMUNISM SPREADS The Korean War ( ) Communist North Korea attacked south of the established 38 th parallel border into South Korea with weapons supplied by the USSR. In response, Truman sent in US troops to support the South Korean Army and push back North Korea. After US troops forced North Korea s army back over the 38 th parallel communist China sent troops to assist the North Koreans. War ended in 1953 as a stalemate; no territory was gained or lost by either side. North Korea continues as a communist country to this day. South Korea is still allied with the US

14 KOREAN WAR MEMORIAL: WASHINGTON D.C.

15 THE EFFECT OF THE COLD WAR IN THE UNITED STATES

16 THE RED SCARE IS REBORN With the loss of China and the thousands of troop deaths in the Korean War, many Americans again became concerned about the growing influence of communism. The resulting fear triggered a 2 nd Red Scare spreading deeper and wider than the Red Scare of the 1920 s. House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) created to search for communists in all aspects of American life. (government, military, unions, education, etc.)

17 THE RED SCARE IS REBORN Americans feared that spies were working within the United States to help steal secrets about constructing atomic weapons. Husband and wife Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of helping pass along nuclear secrets to the USSR. In 1953 they were executed for treason Many celebrities were accused of being communist spies and 10 were blacklisted in Hollywood (known as the Hollywood Ten ) Blacklisted a list of people who are under suspicion, disfavor, or censure and should be avoided (in this case for suspected communism ties)

18 THE RED SCARE IS REBORN In 1950, Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that the US state department was overrun with communists. The victory of Zedong s communist regime in China and the outbreak of the Korean War only served to increase the popularity and power of Joseph McCarthy and his accusations. His quest to rid the government of communists became known as McCarthyism.

19 TICKET OUT THE DOOR You have been given the task of designing a new statue/memorial dedicated to one of the following: President Harry S Truman Julius & Ethel Rosenberg George Keenan The Hollywood Ten Sec y of State George C. Marshall Sen. Joseph McCarthy Korean War Combining what you have learned with outside research, draw a rough draft of what your statue/memorial might look like. Also, on the bottom of the page include any inscriptions you would include and where geographically you plan on placing the monument.