Chinese Nationalist Party, Chinese Civil War

Transcription

1 Chinese Nationalist Party, Chinese Civil War Background Guide Wheeler Model United Nations Conference (WMUNC) General Assembly- Social and Humanitarian (SOCHUM) October 2016 Introduction The Chinese Civil War Committee is a dual crisis orchestrated to simulate the two factions of the Chinese Civil War of The two committees, Nationalist and Communist, meet separately and take action against one another via a process of decrees and directives. Each committee will strategize and form policies to defeat the other, while also responding to outside threats such as invasion by Japan. In the end the policies of each committee will affect the fate of both, and determine which force and what policies govern China through the end of the twentieth century. Format The default mode of communication for this committee will be a moderated caucus. There will be no speaker s list. Delegates may motion to introduce a new moderated caucus over the default debate with topic, total time, and individual speaking time. Delegates may also motion for an unmoderated caucus in order to discuss draft directives. Documents produced by this committee take the form of directives, short statements of policy that take the same form as a normal UN Resolution, with a few stipulations. Directives must contain three or more pre-ambulatory clauses, and operative clauses must include at least one

2 statement of policy, rather than merely a set of opinions to be adopted by the committee. For example, a directive may include several opinion operative clauses, e.g. [The Communist Party] 1. Affirms the right of all Communists to freedom from oppressive landlords, 2. Condemns the atrocities committed by the Nationalist oppressor, but must also include at least one action operative clause 3. Designates the act of harboring Nationalist soldiers a crime punishable by death. Background For nearly three hundred years leading up to 1912 China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty. Towards the start of the 20th century, this dynasty was weakened by famine and rebellion throughout China, including the Boxer Rebellion marking the turn of the century from Finally the Xinhai Revolution brought an end to the Qing Dynasty once and for all, establishing the Republic of China on January 1st, This was brought to fruition because of civil discomfort with the dynasty because of its inability to modernize, industrialize, or confront foreign aggression. This change was also motivated by uncomfortable race relations of the people against the ruling Manchu minority. Sun Yat-Sen, who was one leaders of the Kuomintang that lead the Xinhai revolution was named the provisional president. He was revered and was an important ideological figure for the Nationalist party. Later, this position was given to Yuan Shikai who proceeded to declare himself emperor in Shikai s death in 1916 then left China politically fragmented, and local military leaders or warlords took power throughout the country. The Beijing based government was left with no real

3 power or respect and these warlords controlled most of the Chinese territory. The country is not reunified until the 1920 s after Sun Yat-sen s death by Chiang Kai- Shek. From 1922 to 1924 the Nationalists in the Kuomintang tried to work together with the Chinese Communist Party to unify China and suppress the warlords that had been terrifying the country. Together they formed a national army called the First United Front. In 1924 Sun Yat- Sen died before the unification negotiations were passed. One year later, the prominent Kuomintang leader and instrumental figure in the formation of the First United Front, Liao Zhongkai was assassinated, leaving Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei vie for the leadership of the Kuomintang. Jiang Jieshi eventually took over the Nationalist party. In 1925 the Kuomintang formed the National Revolutionary Army. Two years later British and American ships opened fire on Nanjing and Jiang Jieshi blamed the attack of the Communist Party of China, directing the hostility at the communists. He used this to gain financial support to sever ties with the Chinese Communist Party. Within 11 days the Kuomintang determined that communists are trying to take over the Nationalist Party and Jiang Jieshi ordered a series of raids, arrests and executions in Shanghai. (The Shanghai Massacre) Wang Jingwei attempted to take control of the party by expelling Jiang Jieshi. However, he was unsuccessful and failed. Jieshi then officially declared himself chairman of National Government Committee and President of China. On August first of 1927 the Communist Party of China s forces tried to take control of the Kuomintang which marked the beginning of The Ten Year s Civil War. In the following four years, five campaigns were launched by the Kuomintang to try and take down the Communist Party of China. The communists then embarked on The Long

4 March in 1934 resulting in Mao Zedong becoming the leader of the communist party. The Nationalists and Communists continued to battle until the communists claimed victory in Characters Hu Hanmin - son of Chinese official; he understands how the government works. Participated in several rebellions (violent) and later became the governor of Guangdong Province in Southern China. Also worked in the Provisional government that was established after Xinhai Revolution in Was the leader of the legislature in Nanjing until Chiang placed him under house arrest because of a disagreement over the new Constitution. Later Chiang is pressured into freeing Hu and Hu starts a rival anti-communist government in Guangzhou, (Southern China). As of 1934 he was very critical of Chiang's government and its corruption. Goals : Wants to rid China of corruption. Wants a strong foreign policy to prevent Imperial Japan from attacking China. He Yingqin - Military Leader Intelligent army leader. Proved himself in winning battles against warlords in parts of China that had not yet been incorporated by the government. After Shanghai Massacre, he continued to support the Nationalists and Chiang. Chiang thus likes him too. Had success in battles against the Chinese communists in the Second Encirclement Campaign (a campaign against Chinese communists). Goals: Defeat the Communists. Do not worry too much about Japan; he was against fighting them at the expense of defeating the Communists Dai Li - Chief of the Nationalists Army secret service. Became head of the Nationalists secret police and was one of the most powerful men in China. Commanded 70,000 men whom he used to conduct spying operations across China. Goals: Lead the Nationalists to victory through espionage and blackmail. Chen Lifu Anti-communist, Nationalist politcian. One of Chaing's confidants. Received a degree in engineering (mining) from an American University. Chen commanded a powerful

5 influence within the party. He and his brother founded the CC Clique, a powerful group of Nationalist Leaders who controlled the party and army. Goals: Lead the Nationalists to victory. T ang Leang-Li Very intelligent Nationalist who was chief of the Communications Office to Europe, in essence the spokesman for the Nationalists to the Western world. Fluent in English, he can be the mouthpiece to Westerners afraid of a Communist takeover. He is also very concerned about the Nationalists global image and wishes to avoid taking actions that would damage their reputation. Goals: Wants to obtain aid from Westerners in order to fight off the Communists in addition to the Japanese, who are looming on the horizon by presenting a polished and unified Nationalist Government. Liao Zhongkai (assassinated in 1925 before a Kuomintang Executive Committee Meeting): A very prominent leader and financier. One of the founders of the the Guomindang. Has vast political experience. In 1905 joined the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance in 1905 and became the director of the financial bureau after founding of Republic of China. From 1923 to 1924 served as the Civil governor of Guangdong and was later appointed to the Kuomintang Executive Committee. Goals: continued to belief in Sun Yat Sen's policy after he died (Believed in keeping close relations with the Soviet Union and the Communist Party). Wang Jingwei : A Chinese politician that was initially a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), but became anti communists. He tried to collaborate with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), but was very opposed to communism after the unsuccessful collaboration. Very close to Sun Yat Sen and after Sun Yat Sen died, both he and Chiang Kai-Shek vied for the control of the KMT, but lost. Continued to have political disagreements with Chiang Kai-Shek. Goals: Nationalist victory whilst opposing Chiang Kai-Shek Du Yuming: Kuomintnang field commander. Took part in Chiang s Northern Expedition. Graduate of the Whampoa Academy. Chiang's protége. Provides the committee with a voice of a soldier and commander. Will agree firmly with Chiang. Goals: Nationalist Victory. Zhang Zuolin: Pro nationalist warlord that executed Li Dazhou a founding member of CCP on April 28th, was a warlord. Goals: Nationalist Victory. Zhang Renjie Li Shizeng Wu Zhihui Works Cited: "Chinese Revolution Timeline 1912 to 1927." Chinese Revolution. N.p., 16 Oct Web. 08 Oct "Chronology of Civil War in China." Datesofhistory.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct

6 Li, Xiaobing. China at War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Print. "China." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 08 Oct