THE SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE AND THE UPSURGE OF NATIONALISM ( )

Transcription

1 THE SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE AND THE UPSURGE OF NATIONALISM ( ) Period 4 ( ) Key Concept 4.1 The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation s democratic ideals and change their socitey and institutions to match them. 1

2 WAR OF 1812: LEGACY Established European respect: our right to exist Lead the rise of US as a military force. Increased economic opportunities: new trades, skills, private businesses Opened the door to western expansion Ushered in an era of nationalism and a belief in ourselves as a new, special and unique American culture and republican government man s greatest experiment 2

3 POLITICAL NATIONALISM ( s) On the Surface ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS President James Monroe ( ) Democrat-Republican Growing Nationalism: acquired Florida; agreed to Missouri Compromise; adopted Monroe Doctrine. End of the Federalist Party; no organized opposition party. Pres JMon elected by new, younger generation; an era of unlimited prosperity. But Underneath sectional issues debated; tariffs, national bank, slavery, public land sales 3

4 POLITICAL NATIONALISM 1816 Election 1820 Election GROWTH IN DEMOCRACY states begin eliminating suffrage land ownership prerequisite for white landowners Increased awareness that citizenship in a republic requires privileges AND obligations (duties) Increase interest in politics and obligation of voting Republican Motherhood prestigious role women had as the keepers of the nation's conscience; a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child. the nurturers of the next generation of Am heroes and leaders Investing in education: academies for women 4

5 Republican Motherhood 5

6 CULTURAL NATIONALISM SHARED EXPERIENCES Increased mobility, interaction and communication George Washington Portrait Gilbert Stuart schools, art, books to promote/exploit Am culture, history, republicanism. 6

7 CULTURAL NATIONALISM EXPANDING PUBLIC EDUCATION Lead Common School Movement universal education paid by local taxes Education brings social, political harmony; a strong republic. Created teacher schools; women as teachers. Horace Mann ( ) Father of Education Education reformer of Massachusetts Noah Webster s American Dictionary and blue-backed speller 7

8 CULTURAL NATIONALISM Horace Mann ( ) 8

9 NATIONALISM: FOREIGN POLICY MONROE DOCTRINE a statement of policy mentioned in Pres Monroe s State of the Union Address Warning to limit Europe s interference in colonization of Latin Am republics. Short Term: no one paid attention could we enforce it? BUT Long Term: matched our new attitude that we can compete on the world stage with Europe increased US intervention in Latin Am in 20 th Century 9

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11 CULTURAL NATIONALISM Genre Painting George Caleb Bingham Common Ams doing Am activities The Jolly Flatboatmen Am s first artistic fraternity; New York City-based landscape painters under influence of Thomas Cole ( ) Romanticism: heroic beauty of Am landscapes; interest in nature Hudson River School Art County Election Family Life on the Frontier 11

12 ECONOMIC NATIONALISM BELIEF IN CAPITALISM Free enterprise: private ownership competition profit limited government Adam Smith( ) Philosopher, Political Scientist Smith s Invisible Hand The natural force that guides free market (capitalism) through competition. In a free market, participants try to maximize selfinterest in the exchange of goods and services and it encourages excellence of each participant than when simply producing for himself. In a free market, no government regulation is needed to ensure that the mutually beneficial exchange of goods and services took place, since this "invisible hand" would guide market participants to trade in the most mutually beneficial manner. Adam Smith s Wealth of Nations 12

13 THE FACTORY SYSTEM ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Switching from putting-out and bartering system to efficient, mass production by machines Samuel Slater ( ) Father of the Industrial Revolution Creeping Mechanization Slow to develop until after (1814) ie. mercantilism, embargo land ownership over factory work/city life Limited capital/credit in young nation Marvels in Manufacturing mechanization and interchangeable parts - made by machine instead of man (craftsman) Federal Laws Encouraging Risk: Patent Office private ownership rights Limited Liability: private ownership protection rights 13

14 development of the company town Slater s Mill Pawtucket Rhode Island Remington Arms Ilion, NY

15 The patent system secured to the inventor for a limited time exclusive use of his invention, and thereby added the fuel of interest to the fire of genius in the discovery and production of new and useful things Abraham Lincoln Entrepreneurship: a risk-taker: a capitalist economy need people with an idea and sweat 15

16 BUILDING ONE NATIONAL ECONOMY Whitney s Cotton Gin Patent (1794) Mother Necessity 16

17 THE AMERICAN SYSTEM BUILDING ONE NATIONAL ECONOMY CONGRESSIONAL ACTION Plan to use the influence of the fed govt to create a nurturing environment to encourage economic growth ($$) 1. Strong National Banking System Renewal of National Bank 2 nd Charter: credit, currency stability, economic growth Henry Clay ( ) House of Representatives 2. High Tariffs to really protect Am Indust; Tariff of 1816?Why would Pres JMonroe veto bills to spend federal funds on infrastructure? 3. Infrastructure federal monies to invest in national roads canals RRs to move people, raw materials and manufactured goods East West efficiently. 17

18 PANIC OF 1819 A strategy used by the national bank to protect the value of the Am dollar was to regulate the amount of money in the economy: Encouraging consumer borrowing (credit) or (loose money supply) or discouraging consumer borrowing (credit) (tight money supply). Capitalist Business Cycle Second National Bank: had tight money supply to control inflation banks closed, unemployed, bankruptcies, foreclosures on western farmland. Political Change Anti-centralized authority 18

19 MANIFEST DESTINY Reasons for Westward Movement Acquisition of American Indians Lands AmInds chased from Indiana and Florida (General AJacks) Economic Pressures NewEnglanders leave for better opportunities (embargo); Southern plantation owners need new land to replace exhausted soil. Immigrants Cheap land offered by speculators; GrLakes, Ohio Mississ River Valleys Improved Transportation Roads-canals-RRs 19

20 Meanwhile migration West addition of new states new US Senators in Congress and potential shift of power: slave v. free states 20

21 MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820 SLAVERY: CAN WE STAY UNITED? Keeping the US United; The Balance of Power in the Senate Same Tallmadge Amendment (NY Rep) Limiting new slaves into Missouri; emancipating slaves at age 25: REJECTED Missouri Comp Line Dividing the nation N/S Kept Senate Power equal Cooled tempers for now 21

22 OLD IMMIGRATION (1820s-1850s) CULTURAL NATIONALISM OPEN DOOR IMMIGRATION Mostly from NW Europe: English, Irish, Scotch Irish, German, Dutch, Danish Why They Left: persecution prosecution Irish Potato Famine Why They Came: what some faced: OPPORTUNITY NATIVISM = anti-immigration J-O-B-S: canal digging, factory work, laying RRs, etc. land ownership 22

23 POLITICAL NATIONALISM ( s) THE JOHN MARSHALL COURT ( ) Appointed by Federalist Pres Adams as Chief Justice Powers written into the Constitution at the Const Conv (1789) to make sure the federal govt could keep the states united elastic clause interstate commerce clause John Marshall ( ) supremacy clause contract clause It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is Chief Justice John Marshall Marbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review established 9 justices Interpreted and used by Marshall to validate the appointed by president: powers of the new Constitution/federal govt ratified by Senate Serve for life: insulated from politics and public opinion 23