The Progressive Era. 1890s-1920s
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1 The Progressive Era 1890s-1920s
2
3 What is Progressivism? Solution to the problems created by city and industry growth Both political and social reform movements
4 Progressivist Goals Social welfare Safe food supply & working conditions, education for the poor, support for unions Expand democracy Economic reform* *change in order to improve
5 Muckrakers Emerged c Journalists who discovered and exposed muck (corruption) in society Heightened interest in Progressivism
6 Who Did Progressivists Strive to Help? Those who were oppressed The poor The unemployed Immigrants Workers Women
7 I: Oppression
8 What is Social Justice? Both a process and a goal Full and equal participation of all groups
9 When Does A Society Create Social Justice? Society meets the needs of all groups Equal resources for all Everyone is physically and psychologically safe and secure
10 Social justice is hindered by Oppression
11 Understanding Oppression Oppression is prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control At individual, cultural, and institutional levels. NOTE: Oppression still occurs today.
12 On a General Level Constraints that significantly shape a person s life chances and sense of possibility. Example: A female child born in the U.S., especially if she is poor or of color, is still unlikely to imagine herself as president since, unlike many other countries, we have yet to elect a woman to this high office.
13 So What Does Oppression Look Like? Dominant/Privileged Groups 1. More money and assets 2. Hold positions of power 3. Control institutions in society Oppressed Groups 1. Restricted life expectancy 2. Increase in infant mortality 3. Less income, housing, employment, and opportunities for education
14 Classism When someone is treated differently, better or worse, because of their social class
15 Questions to Consider... When looking at current dominant systems ask yourself 1. In whose best interest does the system operate? 2. Who benefits? 3. Who pays?
16 Sexism (Gender Discrimination) Prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender
17 Topics to Consider Assumptions about human nature 2. Family life 3. Gender roles and relations
18 How Did Progressivists Strive to Help the Oppressed? Est. community centers Educational & employment services Minimum wage laws Limits on work hours Prohibition Prevent the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol
19 II: Presidents & Legal Changes
20 Teddy Roosevelt 3 C s: Corruption, Consumers, and Conservation
21 Teddy Roosevelt Spanish-American War hero Governor of NY Became president when William McKinley died Youngest president ever at 42 Gov t should be active Known for fighting corrupt political machines
22 Roosevelt s Goal Create a square deal Government s job to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business
23 Corruption
24 Problem: Big businesses too powerful and not regulated *Remember! A trust is when businesses work together to lower prices, squeeze out competition, then raise prices for larger profits Solution: Sherman Antitrust Act of illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts
25 Problem: Trusts Solution: Roosevelt was the first president to actually enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act
26 Problem: Patronage- Officials gave out jobs based on political support, not ability Solution: Pendleton Civil Service Act of Needed to pass an exam for some gov t jobs
27 Problem: Voters didn t have a direct say in gov t Solution: Direct primary- voters chose candidates for public office
28 Voters Become More Involved Initiative- Voters directly propose laws Referendum- Voters approve proposed laws Recall- Elected officials can be voted out of office
29 Consumers
30 Problem: Unsanitary/unsafe food and drug production Consumers left unprotected Solution: Meat Inspection Actillegal to misbrand meat and produce it in unclean conditions Pure Food and Drug Act- banned sale of impure food and medicine
31 Problem: Cocaine used as an anesthetic, cure for alcoholism, and present in many food and drink products Solution: Harrison Narcotic Actwas a United States federal law that regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of opiates and coca products
32
33 Problem: Jim Crow Laws- forced segregation in public places Solution: Booker T. Washingtonearly leader in achieving equality First A.A. to be invited to the White House for dinner, however, still no change
34 Conservation
35 Problem: Conserving natural resources Solution: Preserved much of America s land and resources Grand Canyon Est. U.S. Forest Service
36 William Howard Taft ( )
37 Problem: Federal Revenue Solution: 16th AmendmentCongress can create federal income taxes Spread cost of running gov t among more people
38 Problem: People s role in the gov t Solution: 17th Amendment- gave voters the right to elect senators directly
39 Problem: Trusts Solution: In four years, Taft attacked almost twice as many trusts as Roosevelt did in eight
40 Woodrow Wilson ( )
41 FYI Please note that Wilson was president during World War I (1914-8) The U.S. did not officially enter the war until 1917
42 Problem: Monopolies and competition Solution: Clayton Antitrust Actgave the gov t more power to break up trusts, legalized strikes, allowed unions to expand
43 Problem: Banking systems Solution: Federal Reserve Act- est. the modern banking system, distributed money where needed
44 Problem: Wilson completely failed at furthering civil rights Believed in segregation Gave Southerners the most federal support since the Civil War Solution:
45 III: Women s Rights
46 Shifting Roles of Women Middle-class women wanted roles outside the home New inventions reduced housework Factories make soap, clothing, and canned foods Indoor running water and vacuum cleaners
47 New Job Opportunities Telephone operators Store clerks Typists College educated Nurses Teachers
48 Women and Progressivism Settlement houses- community centers that provided help to immigrants and the poor Also worked to pass prohibition
49 Jane Addams the Mother of Social Work Jane Addams est. Hull House Information bureau for new immigrants Aided the unemployed Offered kindergarten, nursery, youth clubs, health clinics, and citizenship classes Programs run by young women residents
50 Prohibition Prohibition- ban on the production and sale of alcohol Carrie A. Nation Prohibitionist leader Extreme: smashed saloons with hatchets, often arrested
51 The Eighteenth Amendment Prohibited the making, transporting, and selling of alcoholic beverages
52 Carrie Chapman Catt Supported President Wilson Volunteered NAWSA s services in case of war Nat l American Women s Suffrage Association Wilson passed the 19th Amendment, because it was vital to winning the war.
53 The Nineteenth Amendment Granted suffrage to women
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