4. Which of the following states was an ally of Germany in World War I? a. d) Arabia b. c) Japan c. b) Italy d. a) Russia

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1 1. What two new major states disrupted the balance of European power in the late nineteenth century? d) Germany and Italy b. c) Germany and Denmark a) Poland and Russia b) Italy and France 2. What event was the spark that ignited World War I? c) The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy b. b) The birth of Alexei, heir to the Russian throne d) The sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania by a German submarine a) The death of Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany 3. Which of the following factors helped lead to the outbreak of World War I? d) The outbreak of the Russian Revolution b. a) Intense nationalism in Europe c) European powers attacks on each others colonies b) Fear that Germany was developing poison gas for use in warfare 4. Which of the following states was an ally of Germany in World War I? d) Arabia b. c) Japan b) Italy a) Russia 5. Which of the following was a legacy of World War I? b) A rapid return to traditional values b. c) The creation of new monarchies to replace the German and Austro-Hungarian empires a) An employment boom as societies rushed to repair the damage caused by war d) Widespread disillusionment with European values 6. Which of the following was a condition of the Treaty of Versailles? c) The Ottoman Empire was divided into a number of new states. b. a) Germany had to accept sole responsibility for the outbreak of World War I. d) The Jews were promised a national homeland in Palestine. b) Russia was forced to depose Tsar Nicholas II as a condition for peace.

2 7. Which of the following states was created from the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I? c) Syria b. d) Egypt a) Greece b) Poland 8. Which statement best describes the United States role in World War I? c) The United States played a major role in the war from the beginning. b. b) The United States entered the war late, but played an important role in the defeat of Germany. a) The United States entered the war early, but only played a minor role. d) The United States remained neutral during World War I. 9. Which of the following was a reason for the failure of the League of Nations? b) World War I broke out while the League was still being planne b. a) Great Britain refused to join the League, weakening it before it ever starte d) The League s chief promoter, President Woodrow Wilson, died in the influenza epidemic of 1919 before plans for the organization were complete. c) The United States refused to join the League, weakening it before it ever starte 10. Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in the United States? b. a) Large-scale emigration from the United States for the first time, as unemployed people desperately sought economic opportunities elsewhere b) Rapid spread of socialism in the United States, as impoverished workers sought relief in the teachings of Karl Marx c) Large-scale starvation, especially among unemployed urban workers d) Massive unemployment and economic distress 11. Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression in Latin America? d) Latin America enjoyed a boom economy as the region supplied goods that the rest of the world was no longer able to produce. b. c) The property of the Catholic Church was confiscated to provide food for the poor. b) Military dictators took control of several states. a) States took advantage of the global chaos to break free from Spain.

3 12. Which of the following states enjoyed significant economic growth in the 1930s, while the rest of the world was sunk deep in the Great Depression? c) The USSR b. b) Germany a) The United States d) Brazil 13. What was the New Deal? d) A U.S. policy that helped veterans returning from World War I find work and get established b. a) A collection of reforms intended to restart economic growth in the Depression-era United States b) The collectivization of farms and businesses in the United States in an effort to increase prosperity c) A U.S. policy of guaranteed loans to European states to help them out of the Great Depression 14. Which of the following statements best describes fascism? d) Fascism was a political ideology that advocated intense nationalism and a sense of national destiny. b. a) Fascism was a political ideology that advocated the redistribution of land to level out social classes. c) Fascism was a political ideology that advocated the abolition of all minority groups within fascist countries. b) Fascism was a political ideology that advocated the destruction of factories and a return to simpler, pre-industrial life. 15. Which of the following causes did fascism support? b) Traditional values b. c) Feminism d) Parliamentary democracy a) Communism 16. Which of the following statements best describes Benito Mussolini s rise to power in Italy? d) Mussolini seized power as the leader of a peasant rebellion. b. a) Mussolini came to power in a military coup. c) Mussolini came to power in an election, but voters were intimidated by the considerable violence that his followers demonstrate b) Mussolini came to power in a peaceful election, which he won thanks to his program for reform.

4 17. What happened to the pope when the fascists came to power in Italy? d) The pope went into exile as there was no place for him in a fascist Rome. b. b) The pope was imprisoned so he could not get in the way of Mussolini s rise to power. a) The pope made a series of agreements with Mussolini that made the Vatican a sovereign state and protected Church property. c) Pope Pius IX was deposed and replaced with a puppet pontiff who would do whatever Mussolini told him to. 18. Which of these statements is true of fascism in Germany but not in Italy? b) Its members hated communism. b. d) Its members claimed racial superiority and made a policy of persecuting minorities. a) It advocated the use of violence as a political tool. c) It became a single-party dictatorship. 19. The government established in Germany immediately after World War I was known as d) the Triple Alliance. b. a) the Third Reich. b) the Weimar Republi c) the Vichy Government. 20. How did Hitler become chancellor of Germany? b. b) Hitler became chancellor in a rigged election that was later discovered to have included massive fraud and ballot falsification. d) Hitler became chancellor thanks to his leadership in a rebellion of Germany s business class against the ineffective Weimar Republi c) Hitler became chancellor thanks to a coup in which he led dissatisfied veterans against the state. a) Hitler became chancellor by lawful election: His Nazi party won the largest number of delegates to the German parliament and he was invited to form a government. 21. Which of the following is a reason why the Nazis were able to rise to power in Germany? b) An attempted Communist takeover terrified most Germans and led them to vote for the party they thought would protect them from communism. b. a) The Nazis proved that there was a great international Jewish conspiracy and promised to fight it. d) Most Germans were disgusted by the Weimar Republic s inability to ease the Great Depression. c) The Weimar Republic lost face by losing a war with Italy.

5 22. Which of the following measures brought Germany out of the Great Depression? c) The Nazi government s downsizing and stringent austerity measures b. d) The creation of an alliance between the German government and the labor unions, creating better working conditions for most of the population b) The Nazi government s investment in infrastructure and rearmament a) Hitler s success in bringing in large amounts of foreign investment 23. Hitler s autobiography, in which he called for the racial purification of Germany, is called a) Ma Vlast. b. b) Arbeit Macht Frei. c) Mein Kampf. d) Mein Leben. 24. Which of the following steps did the Nazis take against Jews in the 1930s? b) Millions of Jews were put in forced-labor camps. b. c) Many Jews were deported, especially to Madagascar where a colony was formed for them. a) Jews were stripped of their German citizenship. d) The Jews were kille 25. Which of the following is an accurate statement of the Nazi attitude toward women? a) Women exist solely for the pleasure of men. b. c) Women should work alongside men to create a new world order. b) Women s place is in the home, where their role as mothers serves a vital function for the family and the state. d) Women should take their place in the workforce but should not exercise political power. 26. Which of the following is a reason why Japan adopted authoritarianism in the early twentieth century? c) Reaction against the hardships of the Great Depression b. a) Reaction against misgovernment by a dictatorial emperor b) Suffering in World War I turned the Japanese people against their government d) Fear that Japanese culture would be destroyed by the large number of foreigners in the country 27. What provoked Japan s 1937 attack on China? a) The Chinese invasion of Korea b. d) Fear that growing nationalism in China would pose a future threat c) Chinese attacks on Japanese citizens residing in their country b) Chinese seizure of Japanese oil resources

6 28. What event marked the first significant outbreak of fighting in World War II? c) Japan s invasion of Manchuria b. b) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand d) Germany s invasion of Poland a) The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor 29. What is a blitzkrieg? d) A military tactic of long-distance aerial bombardment to sap the enemy s will to resist b. a) A military tactic in which infantry, tanks, and airplanes move rapidly over large areas b) A military tactic in which overwhelming force is applied to a small, carefully defined area c) A military tactic that stresses stepwise attacks against neighbors, consolidating hold on each territory before moving on to the next 30. What was the Marshall Plan? a) The German plan to invade France with a rapid strike that bypassed the Maginot Line b. d) The German plan to invade the Soviet Union b) The plot of a group of high-ranking German officers to assassinate Hitler c) The U.S. plan to help Europe recover after World War II